RESUMO

Heterobranch sea slugs (Gastropoda) present reduction, internalization, or absence of shell, and include more than 6,000 described species. Approximately 250 species are recorded from Brazil but only 14 had been previously recorded from Rio Grande do Norte, on the Brazilian northeastern coast. As a result of different expeditions conducted between 2008 and 2020, species were collected and identified. Among them, five species were recorded for the first time from the South Atlantic Ocean: Chelidonura hirundinina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833); Sclerodoris prea (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967); Thuridilla malaquita Ortea & Buske, 2014; Berthella nebula Ghanimi, Schrödl, Goddard, Ballesteros, Gosliner & Valdés, 2020 and Berthella vialactea Ghanimi, Schrödl, Goddard, Ballesteros, Gosliner & Valdés, 2020. Thirty-six species are recorded for the first time from Rio Grande do Norte. The present survey expands the knowledge of the diversity of sea slugs from Brazil and supports the hypothesis of similarity between the heterobranch sea slug fauna from the northeastern Brazil and the Caribbean Sea.(AU)

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The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.(AU)

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study constitutes the most comprehensive effort ever done to assess the faunal diversity of the Macrobrachium genus within two ecoregions that encompass part of the northeastern Brazil: the Northeastern Caatinga Coastal Drainages, and the São Francisco (Lower-middle and Lower portions). Through sampling in several of their hydrographic basins, bibliographic research, and consulting scientific collections, our results reveal the occurrence of five species along these ecoregions: Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. amazonicum, M. carcinus, M. jelskii and M. olfersii. We also provide the first record of these species for several river basins in both ecoregions. Additionally, we confirm the occurrence of M. carcinus from Rio Grande do Norte State and provide updated distribution maps for each species in the studied area. This carcinofauna survey may form the basis for future evaluations of eventual anthropic impacts on biological diversity resulting from projects being implemented in these regions, which involve the São Francisco interbasin water transfer.

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RESUMO

Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.(AU)

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RESUMO

Abstract Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.

RESUMO

The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.

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RESUMO

The use of gastropod shells by hermit crabs is determined by the availability of shells in the environment or through selection for size and volume. This study analyzed patterns in the use of shells by Dardanus insignis (Saussure, 1858). From January 1998 to December 1999, 386 individuals were collected from two islands at Ubatuba, São Paulo. The crabs were measured for cephalothoracic shield length (CSL) and wet weight (CWW). The gastropod shells occupied by hermit crabs were identified, and the shell aperture width (SAW), dry weight (SDW) and internal volume (SIV) were measured. The relationships between the dimensions of the gastropod shell and the hermit crabs were evaluated by linear regression analysis. Among the 11 species of gastropod shells used by D. insignis, the most often used was Olivancillaria urceus (31%), followed by Strombus pugilis (22%) and Siratus tenuivaricosus (18%). The shell of O. urceus was used most probably due to its high availability on Couves and Mar Virado islands. The most significant biometric parameter was shell aperture width (F=18.231; p<0.0001), highlighting the importance of this variable for the shell choice by D. insignis at both sites.

O uso de conchas de gastrópodos por ermitões se dá de acordo com a disponibilidade no ambiente ou através de mecanismos seletivos relacionados, como o tamanho e volume. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os padrões do uso de conchas por Dardanus insignis (Saussure, 1858). Durante o período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 1999 foi coletado um total de 386 indivíduos em duas ilhas pertencentes à Ubatuba, São Paulo, os quais foram medidos de acordo com o comprimento do escudo cefalotoracico (CEC) e o peso úmido (PA). As conchas ocupadas pelos ermitões foram identificadas e mensuradas quanto a largura de abertura (LAC), peso (PSC) e volume interno da concha (VIC). As relações entre as variáveis da concha de gastrópodo e o ermitão, foram avaliadas através da análise de regressão linear. Dentre as onze espécies de concha de gastrópodes utilizadas por D. insignis, a mais usada foi Olivancillaria urceus (31%), seguida por Strombus pugilis (22%) e Siratus tenuivaricosus (18%). A concha de O. urceus foi a mais utilizada, provavelmente devido a sua maior disponibilidade na ilha das Couves e do Mar Virado. Os resultados mostraram que dos parâmetros biométricos mensurados das conchas, o mais significativo foi largura da abertura da concha (F=18.231; p<0.0001), evidenciando a importância desta variável para a escolha das conchas por D. insignis nos dois locais.

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The control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) vector is often based on the application of chemical residual insecticide. However, this strategy has not been effective. The continuing search for an appropriate vector control may include the use of biological control. This study evaluates the effects of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on Lutzomyia longipalpis. Five concentrations of the fungus were utilized, 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(8) conidia/ml, accompanied by controls. The unhatched eggs, larvae and dead adults previously exposed to fungi were sown to reisolate the fungi and analysis of parameters of growth. The fungus was subsequently identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. M. anisopliae var. acridum reduced egg hatching by 40%. The mortality of infected larvae was significant. The longevity of infected adults was lower than that of negative controls. The effects of fungal infection on the hatching of eggs laid by infected females were also significant. With respect to fungal growth parameters post-infection, only vegetative growth was not significantly higher than that of the fungi before infection. The revalidation of the identification of the reisolated fungus was confirmed post-passage only from adult insects. In terms of larvae mortality and the fecundity of infected females, the results were significant, proving that the main vector species of VL is susceptible to infection by this entomopathogenic fungus in the adult stage.

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Los nematóides gastrointestinales poseen una distribución cosmopolita, variando en las regiones en función del clima, razas de los animales y manejo. El presente estudio tuvo como objeto evaluar las variaciones morfométricas de las larvas infecciosas de los nematóides gastrointestinales en pequeños rumiantes creados en el semiárido del Rio Grande do Norte. Las larvas fueron recuperadas mediante coprocultura, identificadas según el género y realizada la morfometría con auxilio de la ocular micrométrica en objetiva de 20X, con factor de corrección de 0,667. Un total de 703 larvas infecciosas fueron evaluadas morfométricamente. Para la morfometría del género fueron utilizados los siguientes caracteres: longitud total de la larva (CTL), distancia de la cola de la larva a la cola de la vaina (DCL-DCB); distancia del polo anal a la punta de la cola de la larva (DPA-DPC), ancho (L) y longitud de la cola de la larva (CL). La morfometría encontrada vino orientar estudios posteriores cuanto a las larvas infecciosas de helmintos gastrointestinales adaptados a la región. Fue posible observar que, basado en los caracteres morfométricos analizados, existen cuatro grupos distintos e estos separan exactamente los géneros estudiados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum y Haemonchus.(AU)

Gastrointestinal nematodes present a cosmopolitan distribution, varying in the areas in function of the climate, races of the animals and handling. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphometric variations of the infective larvae of the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and sheep kept in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte. The larvae were recovered from coproculture, identified according to gender and morphometry conducted by using a 20X ocular micrometer with the correction factor of 0.667. A total of 703 infective larvae were evaluated morphometrically. The following characters were used for the gender morphometry: total length of the larvae (CTL), distance of the tail of the larvae the tail of the hem (DCLDCB); distance of the anal pole to the tip of the tail of the larvae (DPA-DPC), width (L) and length of the tail of the larvae (CL). The morphometry found might guide subsequent studies related to the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes adapted to the area. Thus, it was possible to observe that based on the characters morphometrically analyzed, there are four different groups and they separate the studied genre (Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum and Haemonchus).(AU)

Os nematóides gastrintestinais possuem uma distribuição cosmopolita, variando nas regiões em função do clima, raças dos animais e manejo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as variações morfométricas das larvas infectantes dos nematóides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes criados no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. As larvas foram recuperadas através da coprocultura, identificadas segundo o gênero e realizada a morfometria com auxílio da ocular micrométrica em objetiva de 20X, com fator de correção de 0,667. Um total de 703 larvas infectantes foi avaliado morfometricamente. Para a morfometria do gênero foram utilizados os seguintes caracteres: comprimento total da larva (CTL), distância da cauda da larva a cauda da bainha (DCL-DCB); distância do pólo anal à ponta da cauda da larva (DPA-DPC), largura (L) e comprimento da cauda da larva (CL). A morfometria encontrada vem orientar estudos posteriores quanto às larvas infectantes de helmintos gastrintestinais adaptados à região. Foi possível observar que, baseado nos caracteres morfométricos analisados, existem quatro grupos distintos e estes separam exatamente os gêneros estudados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum e Haemonchus.(AU)

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RESUMO

Os nematóides gastrintestinais possuem uma distribuição cosmopolita, variando nas regiões em função do clima, raças dos animais e manejo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as variações morfométricas das larvas infectantes dos nematóides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes criados no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. As larvas foram recuperadas através da coprocultura, identificadas segundo o gênero e realizada a morfometria com auxílio da ocular micrométrica em objetiva de 20X, com fator de correção de 0,667. Um total de 703 larvas infectantes foi avaliado morfometricamente. Para a morfometria do gênero foram utilizados os seguintes caracteres: comprimento total da larva (CTL), distância da cauda da larva a cauda da bainha (DCL-DCB); distância do pólo anal à ponta da cauda da larva (DPA-DPC), largura (L) e comprimento da cauda da larva (CL). A morfometria encontrada vem orientar estudos posteriores quanto às larvas infectantes de helmintos gastrintestinais adaptados à região. Foi possível observar que, baseado nos caracteres morfométricos analisados, existem quatro grupos distintos e estes separam exatamente os gêneros estudados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum e Haemonchus.

Gastrointestinal nematodes present a cosmopolitan distribution, varying in the areas in function of the climate, races of the animals and handling. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphometric variations of the infective larvae of the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and sheep kept in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte. The larvae were recovered from coproculture, identified according to gender and morphometry conducted by using a 20X ocular micrometer with the correction factor of 0.667. A total of 703 infective larvae were evaluated morphometrically. The following characters were used for the gender morphometry: total length of the larvae (CTL), distance of the tail of the larvae the tail of the hem (DCLDCB); distance of the anal pole to the tip of the tail of the larvae (DPA-DPC), width (L) and length of the tail of the larvae (CL). The morphometry found might guide subsequent studies related to the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes adapted to the area. Thus, it was possible to observe that based on the characters morphometrically analyzed, there are four different groups and they separate the studied genre (Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum and Haemonchus).

Los nematóides gastrointestinales poseen una distribución cosmopolita, variando en las regiones en función del clima, razas de los animales y manejo. El presente estudio tuvo como objeto evaluar las variaciones morfométricas de las larvas infecciosas de los nematóides gastrointestinales en pequeños rumiantes creados en el semiárido del Rio Grande do Norte. Las larvas fueron recuperadas mediante coprocultura, identificadas según el género y realizada la morfometría con auxilio de la ocular micrométrica en objetiva de 20X, con factor de corrección de 0,667. Un total de 703 larvas infecciosas fueron evaluadas morfométricamente. Para la morfometría del género fueron utilizados los siguientes caracteres: longitud total de la larva (CTL), distancia de la cola de la larva a la cola de la vaina (DCL-DCB); distancia del polo anal a la punta de la cola de la larva (DPA-DPC), ancho (L) y longitud de la cola de la larva (CL). La morfometría encontrada vino orientar estudios posteriores cuanto a las larvas infecciosas de helmintos gastrointestinales adaptados a la región. Fue posible observar que, basado en los caracteres morfométricos analizados, existen cuatro grupos distintos e estos separan exactamente los géneros estudiados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum y Haemonchus.

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RESUMO

The relative growth and size at onset of morphological sexual maturity of the stone crab Menippe nodifrons were investigated. A total of 399 crabs was captured on Praia Grande and Tenório beaches at Ubatuba. Carapace width (CW) and length, cheliped propodus length and height, abdomen width in females, and gonopod length in males were recorded. In females, the abdominal width showed negative allometry for juveniles and positive allometry for adults; the puberty molt occurred at 31.6 mm CW. In males, the size at onset of morphological sexual maturity was estimated as 29.7 mm CW; the gonopod growth showed positive allometry for juveniles, and an isometric relationship for adults. The gonopod length and the abdominal width were the most appropriate morphometric variables to estimate size at onset of sexual maturity in this stone crab.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o crescimento relativo e a maturidade sexual morfológica de Menippe nodifrons. As coletas foram realizadas na Praia Grande e Tenório, Ubatuba, São Paulo. Os caranguejos foram separados quanto ao sexo e mensurados na região da largura (LC) e comprimento da carapaça, comprimento e altura dos própodos quelares direito e esquerdo, largura do abdome (LA) nas fêmeas e comprimento do gonopódio (CG) nos machos. Obteve-se 399 indivíduos, sendo 195 machos e 204 fêmeas. Os machos atingiram a maturidade sexual com 29,7mm LC e as fêmeas com 31,6mm LC. Para as fêmeas a melhor relação que indicou a muda da puberdade foi LA vs. LC, sendo que o crescimento foi alométrico negativo na fase jovem e alométrico positivo após a muda da puberdade. Para os machos foi CG vs. LC evidenciando crescimento alométrico positivo na fase jovem e isométrico na fase adulta.