RESUMO
The exposure to a world-wide used herbicide atrazine (ATZ) (96h exposure to 2, 10, and 100µgL(-1)), was investigated on the freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen through a multi biomarker approach. Liver histopathology revealed leukocyte infiltration, hepatocyte vacuolization like steatosis and necrosis areas, leading to raised lesion index levels in all tested concentrations. The increase of free melanomacrophage numbers was observed. Gill filaments revealed considerable loss of the microridges on pavement cells at 10 and 100µgL(-1) of ATZ, and a significantly increased of chloride cell (CC) number and density on apical surface area at 100µgL(-1) of ATZ. CAT, GST, GPx, and GR activities were inhibited by all tested concentrations. GSH levels were reduced in individuals exposed to 100µgL(-1). Osmoregulatory function was also disturbed. We observed an increase of plasma magnesium concentrations at 10µgL(-1). Additionally the inhibition of branchial carbonic anhydrase activity was observed at 100µgL(-1). In the kidney, carbonic anhydrase activity decreased only in the group exposed to 2µgL(-1). These results suggest that ATZ, represents a potential ecotoxicological hazard and can be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic even low concentrations. The current study was the first to show the nephrotoxic effect of ATZ in fish. Besides, in Brazil, the environmental protection agency (CONAMA) establishes that the maximum allowed level of dissolved ATZ in water is 2µgL(-1), but the present results showed that this concentration may cause histopathological, biochemical and physiological changes in R. quelen.
Assuntos
Atrazina/toxicidade , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Atrazina/metabolismo , Brasil , Catalase/metabolismo , Peixes-Gato/fisiologia , Água Doce , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/metabolismo , Brânquias/patologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Herbicidas/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
As it is the case in all animal food production systems, it is often necessary to treat farmed fish for diseases and parasites. Quite frequently, fish farmers still rely on the aggressive use of copper to control bacterial infections and infestations by ecto-parasites, and to manage the spread of diseases. The susceptibility of the neotropical fish Rhamdia quelen to copper was here evaluated at different waterborne copper concentrations (2, 7 or 11 µg Cu L(-1)) for 96 h, through a multi biomarkers approach. Liver histopathological findings revealed leukocyte infiltration, hepatocyte vacuolization and areas of necrosis, causing raised levels of lesions upon exposure to 7 and 11 µg Cu L(-1). Decreased occurrence of free melano-macrophages and increased densities of melano-macrophage centers were noted upon exposure to 11 µg Cu L(-1). Gills showed damages on their secondary lamellae already at 2 µg Cu L(-1); hypertrophy and loss of the microridges of pavement cells at 7 and 11 µg L(-1), and increased in chloride cell (CC) apical surface area (4.9-fold) and in CC density (1.5-fold) at 11 µg Cu L(-1). In the liver, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx) and glutathione concentration (GSH) remained unchanged, compared to the control group. However, there was inhibition of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) at all copper concentrations tested. Glutathione reductase activity (GR) was reduced and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were increased at 11 µg Cu L(-1). Glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) at 7 µg Cu L(-1) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) at both 7 and 11 µg Cu L(-1) were reduced. However, copper exposure did not alter brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Osmoregulatory function was also disturbed, in agreement with the above-mentioned changes noted in the gills, as detected by plasma osmolality reduction in the group exposed to 11 µg Cu L(-1), and plasma chloride reduction at 2 µg Cu L(-1). These concentrations also, coherently, lead to inhibition of branchial carbonic anhydrase activity. In the kidney, increased carbonic anhydrase activity was measured in the groups exposed to 2 and 7 µg Cu L(-1). When these effects are compared to data available in the literature for other freshwater fish, also for 96 h of exposure, R. quelen appears as a relatively sensitive species. In addition, the concentrations employed here were quite low in comparison to levels used for disease control in real culture practices (ranging from 4 µg Cu L(-1) used against bacteria to 6000 µg Cu L(-1) against fungal infections). We can conclude that the concentrations frequently employed in aquaculture are in fact not safe enough for this species. Such data are essential for the questioning and establishment of new policies to the sector.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/fisiologia , Cobre/toxicidade , Água Doce , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Enzimas/metabolismo , Pesqueiros , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The Vicuña oil tanker exploded in Paranaguá Bay (South of Brazil), during methanol unloading operations in front of Paranaguá Harbour, on November 15th, 2004, releasing a large amount of bunker oil and methanol. Two weeks after the accident, the acute effects of the Vicuña Oil Spill (VOS) were evaluated in the demersal catfish Cathorops spixii, comparing a contaminated (at the spill site) and a reference site inside the Bay. Data were compared to previous measurements, taken before the accident, in the same species, from the same sites. The physiological biomarkers were the ones that best reflected acute effects of the spill: plasma osmolality, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Morphological (liver and gill histopathology) and genetic (piscine micronucleus and DNA strand breaks) biomarkers revealed that damage was already present in fishes from both reference and contaminated sites inside the Bay. Thus, the reference site is not devoid of contamination, as water circulation tends to spread the contaminants released into other areas of the Bay. Acute field surveys of oil spill effects in harbour areas with a long history of contamination should thus be viewed with caution, and whenever possible previous evaluations should be considered for proper appraisal of biomarker sensitivity, especially in mobile bioindicators such as fish.
Assuntos
Acidentes , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Peixes-Gato/metabolismo , Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Água do Mar/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Brasil , Peixes-Gato/anatomia & histologia , Peixes-Gato/genética , Ensaio Cometa , Exposição Ambiental , Monitoramento Ambiental , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/patologia , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos/química , Hidrocarbonetos/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Testes para Micronúcleos , Plasma/química , Navios , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacologiaRESUMO
Oysters have been largely employed as bioindicators of environmental quality in biomonitoring studies. Crassostrea rhizophorae was selected to evaluate the health status of three estuarine areas impacted by anthropogenic activities along the Brazilian coast, in three estuarine complexes, ranging in latitude from 7 to 25 degrees S. In each estuary three sites were sampled in Winter and in Summer: a site considered as reference, and two sites next to contamination sources. Condition index was similar at all sites and estuaries, with the highest values found for Itamaracá oysters in Summer. Necrosis, hyperplasia, mucocyte hypertrophy and fusion of ordinary filaments were the main histopathological lesions observed. Muscle cholinesterase activity was overall similar, but with a strong seasonal effect. Inhibition or activation of branchial total ATPase and Na,K-ATPase activities at the contaminated sites was observed. The health status of these estuarine areas is quite similar, and the combined use of biomarkers is recommended.
Assuntos
Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Crassostrea/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Brasil , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Crassostrea/enzimologia , Crassostrea/metabolismo , Crassostrea/ultraestrutura , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Estações do Ano , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
In view of the widely varying compositions of fixative solutions used for studying spiders, five different fixative formulas were tested for fixing male brown-spider (Loxosceles intermedia) gonad tissues. The brown spider represents a public health problem in Curitiba (Paraná State, Brazil). Morphological study of its gonads may aid in understanding the reproductive strategies of this species, and possibly in developing a reproduction control program. The fixatives tested contained glutaraldehyde alone or combined with paraformaldehyde, and the buffers cacodylate or phosphate, with or without the addition of sucrose or sodium chloride as osmolytes. Those containing 2.5 percent glutaraldehyde and 2 percent paraformaldehyde in 100 mM phosphate buffer with 200 mM sucrose, or in 200 mM sodium cacodylate, satisfactorily preserved mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and the membranes in general. These formulas were nearly isosmotic (439 mOsm/kg H2O and 455 mOsm/kg H2O respectively) to brown spider hemolymph (478 mOsm/kg H2O). With respective to the fixative agents, a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde combination resulted in optimal fixation of Loxosceles intermedia cells. For other species of spiders, hemolymph osmolality should be considered, but the fixative formulas cited above would also probably yield good results.
Dada a variabilidade na composição de soluções fixadoras utilizadas em aranhas, cinco diferentes fixadores foram elaborados para a análise ultra-estrutural dos tecidos da aranha marrom Loxosceles intermedia. A aranha marrom representa um problema de saúde pública na cidade de Curitiba, e o estudo morfológico de suas gônadas pode auxiliar na compreensão de suas estratégias reprodutivas e, possivelmente, no desenvolvimento de um programa de controle da sua população. As fórmulas usadas continham glutaraldeído com ou sem paraformaldeído, tampão cacodilato ou fosfato, e NaCl ou sacarose como osmólitos. As soluções fixadoras compostas por 2.5 por cento glutaraldeído e 2 por cento paraformaldeído, em tampão fosfato com adição de sacarose ou em 200 mM cacodilato de sódio, preservaram bem estruturas como mitocôndrias, aparelho de Golgi e membranas em geral. Os tampões são praticamente isosmóticos (439 mOsm/kg H2O e 455 mOsm/kg H2O, respectivamente) à hemolinfa da aranha marrom (478 mOsm/kg H2O). Ainda, com relação aos agentes fixadores, a combinação do glutaraldeído e paraformaldeído levou a uma melhor preservação das células. Para outras espécies de aranhas, a osmolalidade da hemolinfa deve ser medida e considerada, mas as fórmulas acima citadas podem ser testadas, com chance de sucesso.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Fixadores/farmacologia , Aranhas/ultraestrutura , Soluções Tampão , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Concentração OsmolarRESUMO
In view of the widely varying compositions of fixative solutions used for studying spiders, five different fixative formulas were tested for fixing male brown-spider (Loxosceles intermedia) gonad tissues. The brown spider represents a public health problem in Curitiba (Paraná State, Brazil). Morphological study of its gonads may aid in understanding the reproductive strategies of this species, and possibly in developing a reproduction control program. The fixatives tested contained glutaraldehyde alone or combined with paraformaldehyde, and the buffers cacodylate or phosphate, with or without the addition of sucrose or sodium chloride as osmolytes. Those containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 100 mM phosphate buffer with 200 mM sucrose, or in 200 mM sodium cacodylate, satisfactorily preserved mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and the membranes in general. These formulas were nearly isosmotic (439 mOsm/kg H2O and 455 mOsm/kg H2O respectively) to brown spider hemolymph (478 mOsm/kg H2O). With respective to the fixative agents, a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde combination resulted in optimal fixation of Loxosceles intermedia cells. For other species of spiders, hemolymph osmolality should be considered, but the fixative formulas cited above would also probably yield good results.
Assuntos
Fixadores/química , Aranhas/ultraestrutura , Animais , Soluções Tampão , Fixadores/farmacologia , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Concentração OsmolarRESUMO
Two common tropical estuarine pufferfishes were used in this study. The main species was Sphoeroides testudineus Linnaeus, 1758, a very abundant species in the estuaries of Paranaguá Bay (Paraná, Brazil), found in waters of salinity between 0 per thousand (tidal creeks) and 34 per thousand (tidal plains). The second species was S. greeleyi Gilbert, 1900, a species limited in distribution to an area of higher salinity ( approximately 30 per thousand) than S. testudineus. The present work thus aimed at evaluating the capacity of ionic regulation of both species of pufferfishes when submitted to salinity decrease, relating the results with both species' distribution in nature. Ion regulation curves for sodium (Na(+)), chloride (Cl(-)), and magnesium (Mg(2+)) ions after 6 h and 15 days of exposure of the abundant S. testudineus to the salinities of 30 per thousand, 20 per thousand, 10 per thousand, and 5 per thousand were elaborated, as well as for Cl(-) and Mg(2+) after 6 h and 15 days of exposure of both species to the extreme salinities of 35 per thousand and 5 per thousand. Both species kept their plasma Cl(-) ( approximately 120-160 mM), and Mg(2+) ( approximately 1.3 mM) concentrations stable, as did S. testudineus for Na(+) ( approximately 130 mM). Na(+) (measured only for S. testudineus) and Cl(-) were either hyper-regulated (in 5 per thousand) or kept iso-ionic ( approximately 7-10 per thousand), but more often hypo-regulated (20-35 per thousand). In contrast, Mg(2+) was strongly hypo-regulated in all salinities. According to their distribution records in nature, S. greeleyi was less able to tolerate strong sea water dilution, showing mortality after 5 days in 5 per thousand water. These estuarine pufferfishes are thus efficient regulators of plasma ionic concentrations in diluted sea water, as expected from their occupation of estuaries. The experiments have supported the distribution records of both species in the estuarine complex and resident estuarine species were thus characterized with respect to their osmoregulatory capacities.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The main aspects of the HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in the adult patients attended by the main reference hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Ceará, Brazil, responsible for the notification of 89.3% of the cases registered in the state between 1986 and 1992 were investigated. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected from the case histories of patients of more than 15 years of age with a diagnosis of AIDS, attended in a state reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The analysis of the data obeys the criteria of the Ministry of Health for the definition of this disease. RESULTS: Tuberculosis had been present in 30.6% of the patients studied (151/493) and it was diagnosed by the first year after the AIDS diagnosis in 76.8% of the cases. The proportion of AIDS cases with tuberculosis is significantly greater (p = 0.032) among men (94.7%) than among women (88.3%). An increased linear trend in the proportion of cases with tuberculosis was noticed in the AIDS cases according to the decrease in level of schooling (p < 0.001). The direct baciloscopy of the sputum although considered a high priority exam, was made in only 72.9% of the patients, presenting positive results in 28.3% of these. The extrapulmonary form was detected in 23.9% of the cases and, among those, the miliary form in 25% and the meningitis in 16.7%. These results differ in a significant way (p < 0.001 for all) from the cases with tuberculosis without HIV infection in adults registered in the state in 1992 (9.8% extrapulmonary, 7.2% miliary and 3.3% meningitis). In most cases, death occurred in the presence of tuberculosis (52.3%), and only 10.6% managed to recover from the tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The premature development of tuberculosis in AIDS patients, the presence of a high percentage of extrapulmonary forms and the high lethality are indicator that the prevention and control measures of these two pathologies cannot be considered separately in this State.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Tuberculose/complicações , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Escolaridade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The participation of neuroendocrine factors present within the central nervous system in the regulation of hemolymph free amino acid (FAA) concentrations was examined in the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium olfersii. Test shrimps were injected intramuscularly with homogenates prepared from the eyestalks (ES), ventral nerve cord (VNC), supraesophageal (SEG), or thoracic ganglia (TG) of donor shrimps previously exposed for 6 hr to a high-salinity medium (HSM, 21% salinity). After injection of the homogenate, the shrimps were maintained for up to 6 hr in either freshwater (FW) or HSM. Hemolymph was sampled by cardiac puncture and prepared for reverse phase HPLC, derivatizing the FAA with phenylisothiocyanate. An FAA profile was determined and the [FAA]:[Cl-] ratios for the four FAA present in highest concentration (Gly, Arg, Ala, and Pro for ES and VNC experiments; Glu, Leu, Ala, and Val for SEG and TG experiments) were obtained. Nonparametric analyses revealed specific, notable effects resulting from homogenate injection, e.g., ES homogenate increased [Pro]/[Cl-] ratios in FW-exposed shrimps; SEG homogenate increased [Glu]/[Cl-] and [Val]/[Cl-] ratios in HSM-exposed shrimps; and TG homogenate increased [FAA]/[Cl-] ratios for Glu, Leu, Ala, and Val in HSM-exposed shrimps. Total FAA concentrations decreased after exposure of the shrimps to HSM but were increased by the injection of ES homogenate in FW-exposed shrimps and by TG homogenate in HSM-exposed shrimps. The total [FAA]/[Cl-] ratio was also increased by TG homogenate in HSM-exposed animals. There were no clear effects on [Cl-] alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/sangue , Hemolinfa/química , Sistemas Neurossecretores/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Alanina/análise , Alanina/sangue , Aminoácidos/análise , Animais , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/análise , Ácido Glutâmico/sangue , Leucina/análise , Leucina/sangue , Nervo Óptico/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/metabolismo , Nervos Torácicos/fisiologia , Valina/análise , Valina/sangueRESUMO
A densidade de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares (PMN) está diminuída em doenças difusas do colágeno, provavelmente devido a interaçoes com imunocomplexos, complemento ou outros mediadoes solúveis. Conseqüentemente, as suspensoes de linfócitos obtidas de pacientes com doenças do colágeno, mediante centrifugaçao de leucócitos do sangue periférico em gradiente de densidade de Ficoll-Hypaque (FH), d = 1,076, estao "contaminadas" com PMN. Estudamos 30 crianças com artrite reumatóide juvenil (ARJ) e encontramos aumento significante (p<0,01) no número de PMN nas suspensoes celulares de interfase FH em relaçao aos controles normais, apenas para a forma poliarticular. Esta diferença foi ainda maior quando se comparou a proporçao entre linfócitos e PMN. O soro de pacientes com ARJ poliarticular induziu in vitro diminuiçao da densidade de PMN de indivíduos normais. A diferença encontrada na densidade de PMN entre as formas pauci e poliarticular da ARJ pode estar relacionada a mecanismos fisiopatológicos distintos envolvidos em cada uma das formas dessa doença
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Artrite Juvenil , Separação Celular , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , NeutrófilosRESUMO
The presence of putative neurofactors within the central nervous system, i.e., the eyestalks (ES), ventral nerve cord (VNC), and supra-esophageal (SEG) and thoracic ganglia (TG), which are involved in osmotic and ionic regulation, was investigated in the euryhaline, freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersii. Homogenates were prepared from shrimps exposed for 6 hr to a high salinity medium (HSM, 21/1000 S) and were injected into shrimps subsequently maintained for 1, 3, or 6 hr in freshwater (FW, 0/1000 S) or HSM. Osmolality and sodium, chloride, and calcium concentrations were determined in single hemolymph samples removed at each time interval. Heart rates and wet weights were measured before and after experimental treatments. Exposure to HSM increased [Na+] and [Cl-] and heart rate. Injection of ES homogenate increased osmolality, [Na+] and [Cl-], and wet weight in shrimps maintained in FW; VNC homogenate also increased hemolymph [Cl-] in shrimps maintained in FW after injection, but reduced heart rate in shrimps subsequently exposed to HSM. Injection of TG homogenate reduced heart rate to a lesser extent in shrimps maintained in FW. Hemolymph [Ca2+] was not altered by homogenate injection. The exposure period of 6 hr to HSM appears to result in the accumulation of factors within the central nervous system that regulate the osmotic and ionic concentrations of the hemolymph, in addition to exerting antidiuretic and cardio-depressor actions. The coordinated action of these factors is intimately involved in the hyporegulatory processes that permit the survival of M. olfersii in media of elevated salinity.
Assuntos
Sistemas Neurossecretores/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cloro/metabolismo , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemolinfa/química , Concentração Osmolar , Sódio/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
120 AIDS patients (mean age 33 +/- 9 years, 108 males) were evaluated regarding rheumatic manifestations. According to CDC's classification, 18.3% belonged to group II, 28.3% to group III, and 53.4% to group IV. Arthralgia was present in 33 patients (27.5%), and in only 8 could be associated with infections other than HIV (5 cases of tuberculosis, 3 P. carinii, and 1 gonococcal infection). Incidence of arthralgia was equal in either sex. Arthritis was present in 8 patients, 2 of them with Reiter's syndrome. In 6 patients arthralgia was the first symptom (3 with arthritis) before AIDS diagnosis. There was a higher incidence of dry mouth, dry eyes, and muscular complaints in patients with arthralgia than in patients without arthralgia. Antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were absent in the serum of the patients studied. Arthritic manifestations possibly occur in AIDS, even in patients without other clinical manifestations, as a reactive state to HIV infection.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Doenças Reumáticas/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Reumáticas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The usefulness of ketotifen for reducing bronchial hypperreactivity, acting as a prophylactic drug, was studied in children with extrinsic asthma. In an open-label phase (phase A), 2.267 asthmatic children received ketotifen orally at a dosage of 1 mg twice daily for three months. Another study, double-blind, placebo-controlled (phase B), enrolled 75 children (38 ketotifen; 37 placebo); they received the same dosage of ketotifen or placebo for five months, after a one-month placebo baseline control period. A progressive improvement in the severity of asthmatic attacks was seen throughout the three-month period (phase A). At the end of the trial, the percentage of patients with moderate or intense attacks was reduced from 77% at baseline to 18%. Significant reductions were noted in the duration and frequency of asthma attacks at each monthly evaluation. The need for the use of symptomatic medication declined significantly during the 3-month trial. In the five-month, double-blind, placebo--controlled study (phase B), significant reduction in the frequency of dyspnea was noted at the end of the trial; in the placebo group, this frequency increased. This clinical observation was confirmed by the mean consumption of sympathomatic drugs during the five-month treatment period: it declined in the ketotifen--treated patients but increased in those who received placebo. The low incidence side effects attests to the safety of ketotifen in children. Our results demonstrate that ketotifen is both safe and effective for prophylactic use in asthmatic children.
Assuntos
Asma/prevenção & controle , Cetotifeno/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Simpatomiméticos/administração & dosagem , Xantinas/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Clopamida/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Pindolol/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pindolol , Clopamida , HipertensãoRESUMO
Durante tres meses 55 criancas, portadoras de asma extrinseca, recebem como tratamento profilatico 1 mg de cetotifeno, por via oral, duas vezes ao dia, num estudo multicentrico aberto. Diversos parametros foram avaliados atraves do preenchimento de uma ficha diaria, sendo que ao final do periodo de observacao 33 criancas (60%) apresentaram bons resultados (ausencia ou diminuicao importante dos sintomas, diminuicao do uso de medicacao sintomatica). Tal estudo sera ampliado com a realizacao de um ensaio duplo-cego, comparativo entre cetotifeno e placebo, em 100 outras criancas asmaticas
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Asma , Cetotifeno , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Num estudo multicentrico abrangendo 14 Servicos de Pneumologia e Alergia, 142 pacientes portadores de asma extrinseca receberam, durante quatro meses, l mg de cetotifeno a cada 12 horas, por via oral.Neste periodo foi observada uma diminuicao estatisticamente significante na frequencia dos episodios de falta de ar, bem como a sua duracao e intensidade. Observou-se tambem uma diminuicao no uso de medicacao sintomatica concomitante, particularmente dos broncodilatadores e corticosteroides.Vinte e um por cento dos pacientes apresentaram efeitos colaterais, na maioria das vezes de pequena intensidade, a mais frequente queixa tendo sido sonolencia. No computo geral, 73% dos pacientes se beneficiaram com o uso do cetotifeno no tratamento profilatico da asma bronquica, sendo que em 50% dos pacientes os sintomas desapareceram ou se tornaram minimos