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We use data from Wave 3 of the Mexican Family Life Survey (N = 7276) and discrete-time regression analyses to evaluate changes in the association between educational attainment and timing to first union across three generations of women in Mexico, including a mature cohort (born between 1930 and 1949), a middle cohort (born between 1950 and 1969), and a young cohort (born between 1970 and 1979). Mirroring prior research, we find a curvilinear pattern between educational attainment and timing to first union for women born between 1930 and 1969, such that once we account for the delaying effect of school enrollment, those with the lowest (0-5 years) and highest levels of education (13+ years) are characterized by the earliest transition to a first union. For women born between 1970 and 1979, however, we find that the pattern between education and first union formation has changed. In contrast to their peers born in earlier cohorts, highly educated women in Mexico are now postponing first union formation relative to the least educated. We draw on competing theories of educational attainment and timing to first union to help clarify these patterns in the context of Mexico.
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Migrant flows are generally accompanied by extensive social, economic, and cultural links between origins and destinations, transforming the former's community life, livelihoods, and local practices. Previous studies have found a positive association between these translocal ties and better child health and nutrition. We contend that focusing on children only provides a partial view of a larger process affecting community health, accelerating the nutrition transition in particular. We use a Mexican nationally-representative survey with socioeconomic, anthropometric, and biomarker measures, matched to municipal-level migration intensity and marginalization measures from the Mexican 2000 Census to study the association between adult body mass and community migration intensity. Our findings from multi-level models suggest a significant and positive relationship between community-level migration intensity and the individual risk of being overweight and obese, with significant differences by gender and with remittance intensity playing a preponderant role.
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OBJECTIVES: We examined whether remittances sent from the United States to Mexico were used to access health care in Mexico. METHODS: Data were from a 2006 survey of 2 localities in the municipal city of Tepoztlán, Morelos, Mexico. We used logistic regression to determine whether household remittance expenditure on health care was associated with type of health insurance coverage. RESULTS: Individuals who lacked insurance coverage or who were covered by the Seguro Popular program were significantly more likely to reside in households that spend remittances on health care than were individuals covered by an employer-based insurance program. CONCLUSIONS: Improving the coverage and quality of care within Mexico's health care system will help ensure that remittances serve as a complement, and not a substitute, to formal access to care.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Financiamento Pessoal/economia , Gastos em Saúde , Cobertura do Seguro/economia , Adulto , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Renda , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México , Características de Residência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We sought to quantify the extent of health selection (i.e., the degree to which potential immigrants migrate, or fail to migrate, on the basis of their health status) among contemporary US immigrant groups and evaluate the degree that selection explains variation in self-rated health among US legal permanent residents. METHODS: Data came from the New Immigrant Survey 2003 cohort. We estimated the extent of positive and negative health selection through a unique series of questions asking immigrants in the United States to evaluate their health and compare it to that of citizens in their country of origin. RESULTS: The extent of positive health selection differed significantly across immigrant groups and was related to compositional differences in the socioeconomic profiles of immigrant streams. CONCLUSIONS: The salience of socioeconomic status and English-language ability in explaining health differentials across immigrant groups reinforces the importance of further research on the role of these factors in contributing to the health of immigrants above and beyond the need for additional attention to the health selection process.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Comportamento de Escolha , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Autoimagem , Aculturação , Adulto , África/etnologia , Algoritmos , Ásia/etnologia , Austrália/etnologia , Estudos de Coortes , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/classificação , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Europa Oriental/etnologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estatísticos , Análise Multivariada , Nova Zelândia/etnologia , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do Sul/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This paper examines the flip side of the epidemiological paradox, namely the relationship between international migration experience and positive infant health outcomes in Mexico. Building upon past research that has explored the role of economic remittances in contributing to the positive relationship between international migration and birth outcomes in sending country communities, the present analysis focuses on the noneconomic effects of paternal migration experience on infant health. The data come from a hospital-based postpartum survey (HPS 2001) recently completed in two high-migrant sending states of Western Mexico. The findings demonstrate that the positive effect of international migration on infant health occurs in the context of considerable loss of social support and high stress levels. Socioeconomic improvements facilitated by the receipt of remittances, coupled with positive health behaviors, are two factors that contribute to this protective effect.
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Emigração e Imigração , Bem-Estar do Lactente/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Idade Materna , México , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Classe SocialRESUMO
Against a backdrop of two new developments in the fertility behavior of the Mexican-Origin population in the U.S., the present discussion will update contemporary Mexican-Origin fertility patterns and address several theoretical weaknesses in the current approach to immigrant group fertility. Data come from six national surveys (three from Mexico and three from the U.S.) that cover a twenty-five year period (1975- 2000). The findings demonstrate dramatic decreases in the fertility rates in Mexico at the same time that continuous increases have been documented in the fertility rates of native-born Mexican-Americans in the U.S. at younger ages. These changes necessitate a reexamination of the idea that Mexican pronatalist values are responsible for the high fertility rates found within the Mexican-Origin population in the U.S. Instead, they point to the increasing relevance of framing the fertility behavior of the Mexican-Origin population within a racial stratification perspective that stresses the influence of U.S. social context on fertility behavior. As a step in this direction, the analysis examines fertility patterns within the Mexican-Origin population in the U.S., giving special attention to the role of nativity/generational status in contributing to within group differences.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to cases of low birth weight among a sample of Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present analysis utilizes data from a post partum survey of 565 women implemented in eight different social security hospitals in western Mexico during 2001. Women giving birth to low weight infants (2.5 kgs) were oversampled and make up half of the sample. RESULTS: A series of logistic regression equations are presented that estimate the risk of low birth weight. Study findings indicate that, although behavioral factors appear to be highly significant in predicting the odds of low birth weight, socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors were found to be important in determining utilization of prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: The key role of behavioral characteristics in determining low birth weight risk and the role of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors in determining prenatal care usage highlights the need to improve prenatal care utilization by disadvantaged populations.
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Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Período Pós-Parto , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Objetivo. Identificar los factores relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer en mujeres mexicanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizan datos de una encuesta recientemente aplicada en 2001 a 565 mujeres en condición de posparto, en ocho hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud, en el Occidente de la República Mexicana, que permite una evaluación detallada de los factores que contribuyen al riesgo de bajo peso. La mitad de las mujeres había dado a luz a recién nacidos de bajo peso (menos de 2.5 kgs) y el resto de peso normal. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una serie de regresiones logísticas que estiman el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican que mientras los factores de comportamiento están asociados significativamente al bajo peso al nacer, los factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos están más relacionados con la utilización de servicios de atención prenatal. CONCLUSIONES: El papel clave de las características de comportamiento en la determinación del riesgo del bajo peso y el papel de los factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos en la determinación de atención prenatal, enfatizan la necesidad de incrementar la utilización de servicios de atención prenatal por parte de los sectores más desfavorecidos de la población.