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The metabolism and absorption of citrus flavanones are intrinsically linked to the gut microbiota, creating a bidirectional relationship where these compounds influence the microbiome, and in turn, the microbiota affects their metabolism. This study evaluates the effect of acute and chronic consumption of orange juice (OJ) on the urinary excretion of gut-derived flavanone metabolites and the gut microbiota. Health volunteers ingested 500 mL of OJ for 60 days in a single-arm human intervention study. Blood and feces were collected at baseline and after 60 days, with an additional 24-hour urine collection after a single dose on day 1 and day 63. LC-MS/MS analyzed urinary flavanone metabolites, while 16S rRNA sequencing characterized gut microbiota. Total urinary hesperetin conjugates excretion significantly decreased over 60 days, while gut-derived total phenolic acids, particularly three hydroxybenzoic acids, increased. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the total amount of flavanone conjugates, initially categorizing individuals into high-, medium- and low- urinary excretor profiles, shifted towards medium-excretor, except for five individuals who remained as low-excretors. This alteration was accompanied by a decrease in intestinal ß-glucosidase activity and a shift in the relative abundance of specific genera, such as decreases in Blautia, Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes, and Fusicatenibacter, among which, Blautia was associated with higher urinary flavanone conjugates excretion. Conversely, an increase in Prevotella was observed. In summary, chronic OJ consumption induced transient changes in gut microbiota and altered the metabolism of citrus flavanones, leading to distinct urinary excretion profiles of flavanone metabolites.

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Introduction and objective: p62 is a human multifunctional adaptor protein involved in key cellular processes such as tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. It acts as a negative regulator of inflammasome complexes. It may thus be considered a good candidate for therapeutic use in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as colitis. Probiotics, including recombinant probiotic strains producing or delivering therapeutic biomolecules to the host mucosal surfaces, could help prevent and mitigate chronic intestinal inflammation. The objective of the present study was to combine the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of the probiotic Lactococcus lactis NCDO2118 with its ability to deliver health-promoting molecules to enhance its protective and preventive effects in the context of ulcerative colitis (UC). Material and methods: This study was realized in vivo in which mice were supplemented with the recombinant strain. The intestinal barrier function was analyzed by monitoring permeability, secretory IgA total levels, mucin expression, and tight junction genes. Its integrity was evaluated by histological analyses. Regarding inflammation, colonic cytokine levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and expression of key genes were monitored. The intestinal microbiota composition was investigated using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Results and discussion: No protective effect of L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu:p62 was observed regarding mice clinical parameters compared to the L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu: empty. However, the recombinant strain, expressing p62, increased the goblet cell counts, upregulated Muc2 gene expression in the colon, and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf and Ifng when compared to L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu: empty and inflamed groups. This recombinant strain also decreased colonic MPO activity. No difference in the intestinal microbiota was observed between all treatments. Altogether, our results show that recombinant L. lactis NCDO2118 delivering p62 protein protected the intestinal mucosa and mitigated inflammatory damages caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We thus suggest that p62 may constitute part of a therapeutic approach targeting inflammation.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Intervenções para o tratamento da obesidade, incluindo a mudança de hábitos de vida, que incluam a melhora de hábitos alimentares, de sedentarismo e de saúde mental, são evidenciados como benéficos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares e melhora da função autonômica do coração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de um programa de reeducação alimentar e melhoria de qualidade de vida sobre os indicadores de adesão às orientações dietéticas, o estilo de vida, variáveis antropométricas e a função autonômica do coração. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com obesidade de ambos os sexos, encaminhados a um ambulatório de nutrição de um Instituto de Cardiologia para emagrecimento, foram acompanhados mensalmente, durante 3 meses. Foram aplicados dois questionários para avaliar as mudanças no estilo de vida (IPAQ-versão reduzida e PHQ-9), e foi realizado o eletrocardiograma para avaliação da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC), antes e após o período de acompanhamento. ESTATÍSTICA: As variáveis categóricas foram expressas como frequência e comparadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. As variáveis numéricas foram expressas como média ± EPM e intervalo de 95% de confiança de Wald, foram usadas equações de estimação generalizadas (EEG). Todos os testes estatísticos foram bicaudais e o nível de significância adotado foi P< 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 24 pacientes com obesidade (IMC > 30kg/ m2 ), com idade média de 62 anos (min ­ máx: 42 ­ 80 anos, DP: 10 anos). A adesão aos hábitos alimentares saudáveis teve aumento médio de 21,3% para 66,5% (P< 0,001). O IPAQ demonstrou que, ao final do estudo houve aumento da prática de atividade física (P=0,023), e houve redução significativa no escore de PHQ-9 após a intervenção (P=0,022), indicando melhora na saúde mental dos pacientes. Notou-se que o programa de intervenção foi eficaz em reduzir significativamente o peso corporal (média de 5,4%) comparado ao período basal (P=0,043), IMC (P=0,029) e a circunferência da cintura (P=0,031). Foi identificada existência de associação entre a variação de perda de peso e de diminuição do IMC com as variabilidades observadas nos componentes do domínio da frequência, tanto entre os indivíduos adultos (P=0,003), quanto entre indivíduos idosos (P=0,034). CONCLUSÕES: A intervenção em qualidade de vida e reeducação alimentar utilizada no presente estudo foi capaz de promover a melhora tanto na saúde mental quanto o aumento da atividade física dos pacientes, redução dos parâmetros antropométricos e a melhora na VFC, especificamente nos componentes do domínio da frequência.

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BACKGROUND: The current study mainly focused on provide further insights into the association of the miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p expression in CFU-Hill colonies with birth weight and senescence process in children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 61 children (32 boys, 29 girls). The CFU-Hill colonies number was evaluated in vitro by cell culture technique and senescence was detected by ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-Gal) assay. Expression of miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p isolated from CFU-Hill colonies were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Birth weight was correlated with both CFU-Hill colonies and %SA-ß-Gal positive staining. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the senescence was a predictor of the lower CFU-Hill colonies number, while only the birth weight was a predictor of senescence of CFU-Hill colonies. Overexpression of miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p was observed in CFU-Hill colonies isolated from children with low birth weight (LBW). Interestingly, we found a significant correlation between %SA-ß-Gal cells staining positive for both miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p. CONCLUSION: The LBW is associated with decreased CFU-Hill colonies number and high senescence of these cells. The overexpression of miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p may be partially responsible for this alteration due to regulation of several pathways related to the senescence process. IMPACT: The study establishes a significant correlation between birth weight and the number of CFU-Hill colonies, suggesting that birth weight could be a predictive biomarker for vascular health in children. Data indicates that cellular senescence is a predictor of reduced CFU-Hill colony numbers. This suggests that the aging process of these cells could be an important factor in understanding the vascular health issues in children with low birth weight. The overexpression of miR-22-3p and miR-29c-3p in children with low birth weight and their correlation with increased cellular senescence highlight these microRNAs as possible molecular mechanisms influencing the aging of CFU-Hill colonies.

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Cohort study in deprived communities to investigate the persistence of food insecurity (FI) during the COVID-19 was conducted. Sample were derived from a list of mobile phone numbers provided by community leaders and local nonprofit organizations. Temporal trends and prevalence ratios of FI persistence, categorized as "never," "occasional FI," "consistent FI," were calculated. A total of 302 households completed three assessments, the majority nonwhite women. During the follow-up, families covered by social assistance increased; however, their income decreased (p < 0.05). 33% were "consistent," and 46% "occasional" FI. Permanent difficulties accessing gas canisters, hygiene products, and hand sanitizers were observed.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between oral contraceptive use and blood pressure values and in a national cohort of women adolescents and to investigate the level of coexistence of the high blood pressure levels, dyslipidemia or insulin resistance. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated data form 14,299 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years. Crude and race-and age-adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratios. Data clustering analysis was performed using machine learning approaches supported by an unsupervised neural network of self-organizing maps. RESULTS: We found that 14.5% (n = 2076) of the women adolescents use oral contraceptives. Moreover, an increased prevalence of high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (all P < 0.001) was observed among adolescents who use oral contraceptives as compared to those who do not. Our analysis also showed that 2.3% of adolescents using oral contraceptives had both high blood pressure levels and dyslipidemia, whereas 3.2% had high blood pressure levels combined with insulin resistance (all P < 0.001). The algorithmic investigative approach demonstrated that total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, insulin, and HOMA-IR were the most predicted variables to assist classificatory association in the context of oral contraceptive use among women adolescents with high blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that oral contraceptives were associated with an increased prevalence of high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance among women adolescents. Although the indication of this therapy is adequate to avoid unintended pregnancies, their use must be based on rigorous individual evaluation and under constant control of the cardiometabolic risk factors.

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AIM: The present study evaluated whether topiramate (TPM) treatment during the peripubertal period affects vascular parameters of male rats and whether oxidative stress plays a role in these changes. MAIN METHODS: Rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg/day, gavage) or vehicle (CTR group) from the postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50. At PND 51 and 120 the rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, in the presence (Endo+) or absence of endothelium (Endo-), to acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), aortic thickness and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In serum were analyzed: the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay; endogenous antioxidant reduced glutathione, and superoxide anion. Results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m., differences when p < 0.05. STATISTICS: Two-way ANOVA (and Tukey's) or Student t-test. KEY FINDINGS: At PND 51, the contraction induced by phenylephrine in Endo+ ring was higher in TPM when compared to CTR. At PND 120, the aortic sensitivity to acetylcholine in TPM rats was reduced in comparison with CTR. The aortic eNOs expression and the aortic thickness were similar between the groups. At PND 51 and 120, TPM group presented a decrease in antioxidants when compared to CTR groups and at PND 120, in TPM group the superoxide anion was increased. SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, the treatment of rats with TPM during peripubertal period promoted permanent impairment of endothelial function probably mediated by oxidative stress.

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Orange juice is an important food source of bioactive compounds, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of orange juice's health properties by analyzing changes in the plasma proteome of healthy Brazilian volunteers after consuming juices made from 'Bahia' (BOJ-source of flavanones) and 'Cara Cara' (CCOJ-source of flavanones and carotenoids) oranges cultivated in Brazil. We used an untargeted proteomic approach, with a particular emphasis on the juices' effects on blood coagulant activity. We identified 247 differentially expressed proteins, of which 170 significantly increased or decreased after BOJ consumption and 145 after CCOJ. These proteins are involved in 105 processes that can significantly regulate cell adhesion, cell signaling, cell metabolism, inflammation, or others. Bioinformatic analysis evidenced proteins with major cellular regulatory capacity (e.g., FN1 and GAPDH) and predicted transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., SP1 and CEBPA) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-1-3p and miR-615-3p) that could be involved in the regulation of differentially expressed proteins. In-silico docking analyses between flavanone metabolites and TFs evidenced the higher binding capacity of narirutin phase II metabolites with akt1 and p38, interactions that suggest how the expression of genes of differentially expressed proteins were activated or inhibited. Moreover, the study shed light on proteins of coagulation cascade that presented expression modulated by both juices, proposing the modulation of blood coagulant activity as a potential benefit of OJ (mainly CCOJ) consumption. Taken together, this study revealed that BOJ and CCOJ consumption affected plasma proteome in healthy individuals, suggesting potential molecular targets and mechanisms of OJ bioactive compounds in humans.

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The coexistence of stunting and excess weight in the same individual is defined as a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and is associated with noncommunicable diseases. In this study, we evaluated the impact of DBM on adipokine concentrations and metabolic profiles in children compared with weight excess alone. Children were allocated to the weight excess group (n = 23) (height-for-age (HAZ) > 0.0 and < 2.0 Z-score and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) > 1.0 Z-score) or DBM (n = 22) group (HAZ < -1.0 Z-score (including mild stunting) and BMI/A > 1.0 Z-score). Lipid, glycemic profile, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were analyzed. Glycemia was significantly higher in the DBM group compared to the weight excess group (5.05 (4.76-5.31) mmol/L vs. 4.57 (4.35-4.81) mmol/L), although no differences were found in insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Adipokine concentrations did not differ between the groups. However, the DBM group showed higher resistin concentrations normalized by body fat mass than those of the weight excess group (1.44 (0.98-1.93) ng/mL vs. 0.76 (0.55-1.45) ng/mL). Insulin and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation with adiponectin (r = -0.590 and -0.624, respectively, both p < 0.01). DBM was associated with increased glucose and resistin concentrations adjusted by fat mass compared to that associated with excess weight alone. Therefore, this association between mild stunting and weight excess has deleterious potential for long-term metabolic function, highlighting an additional precaution against weight gain in children, especially in those with stunting.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with sepsis admitted to a high-complexity healthcare center in Latin America. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive observational study. Patients between one month to 17 years of age with sepsis diagnosis were included. Studied variables included demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment administered, determining predictors of mortality. A descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher test. RESULTS: 186 patients were included and 72% of them had comorbidities. Respiratory disease was the most frequent source of sepsis (29%), followed by gastrointestinal infection (11%) and catheter-related bacteremia (11%). 60% of patients had at least one organ dysfunction, the most frequent being respiratory dysfunction (70%). 60% of the patients presented multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Blood cultures showed a positive result in 37% of cases. The two most common first-hour interventions included IV resuscitation fluids (67%) and antibiotics (36%). Vasopressor support and mechanical ventilation were used in 33% and 34% of patients, respectively. Overall mortality was 12% and was higher in patients diagnosed with MODS (59%) or who presented with some organ dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Organ dysfunction was frequent. Patients with some type of organ dysfunction or MODS presented higher mortality. Despite global and institutional guidelines focused on improving diagnosis and treatment, in less than half of the patients sepsis was adequately detected and first-hour IV fluids and antibiotics administration rates were below 70%.

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(1) Infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye has emerged as a promising tool for temperature screening and fever diagnosis. Its non-invasive nature lends itself well to mass screening in diverse settings such as schools, public transport, and healthcare facilities. Swift and accurate temperature assessment plays a pivotal role in the early identification of potential fever cases, facilitating timely isolation, testing, and treatment, thereby mitigating the risk of disease transmission. Nonetheless, the reliability of this approach in the pediatric population, especially when compared to conventional thermometry methods, remains unexplored. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the concordance between the temperature of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye), referred to as the brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT°), with axillary and tympanic methods in afebrile children. (2) Methods: A cohort of 36 children, matched in a 1:1 ratio for gender and age, underwent comprehensive assessments encompassing anthropometric data, blood pressure evaluations, axillary (Tax) and tympanic (Tty) temperature measurements, as well as BTT° infrared thermography. (3) Results: The findings revealed a high level of concordance among the tympanic, axillary, and BTT° measurement methods. Bland-Altman plots showed that the bias was minimal, and no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing BTT° with axillary (p = 0.136) and tympanic (p = 0.268) measurements. Passing-Bablok regression scatter plots further confirmed the agreement, aligning the fitted regression line closely with the identity line for both axillary versus BTT° and tympanic (Tty) versus BTT° comparisons. (4) Conclusions: This study holds significant implications for public health, especially in the context of infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. BTT° infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye) reliably measures body temperature in afebrile children in controlled settings; nevertheless, its practical application necessitates the adaptation of biothermodynamic parameters to accommodate diverse environmental conditions.

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Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis que resuma el riesgo de hipoacusia de personas con diagnóstico de síndrome o enfermedades metabólicas versus aquellas sin síndrome metabólico. Material y Métodos: Siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA para revisión sistemática y metaanálisis, se realizaron búsquedas en 3 indexadores (PubMed, Web of Science y SciELO). Se incluyeron sólo estudios transversales que reportan asociaciones de hipoacusia con obesidad, Hipertensión; Diabetes, Dislipidemia, Colesterol, síndrome metabólico e Hiperglicemia. Las odds ratios (OR) con sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% de los estudios se agruparon en un modelo de efectos aleatorios por el método de Mantel Haenszel. Con Rev Manager 5.1, se evaluó la heterogeneidad OR mediante las estadísticas I2 y Q. Resultados: 28 estudios observacionales fueron incluidos en el análisis cuantitativo. Las OR para hipoacusia prevalente fue de 1.27 (95% IC 1.07, 1.51) en obesidad, 1.97 (95% IC 1.51, 2.57) en diabetes, 1.53 (95% IC 1.31, 1.79) en hipertensión y 4.22 (95% IC 1.74, 10.20) para síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que tanto el síndrome metabólico como algunas enfermedades como obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión podrían asociarse con el riesgo de hipoacusia, pudiendo el control de estas enfermedades atenuar este riesgo.

Introduction: Various studies have linked lifestyle and metabolic diseases to hearing loss. Research on metabolic syndrome has reported a higher prevalence of hearing loss in individuals with it than those without it. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the risk of hearing loss in people diagnosed with metabolic syndrome or diseases versus those without metabolic syndrome. Methods. Following the PRISMA recommendations for systematic review and meta-analysis, searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SciELO. Only cross-sectional studies associate hearing loss with obesity, hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, and Hyperglycemia. The odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the studies were pooled in a random effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Using Rev Manager 5.1, OR heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and Q statistics. Results. Twenty-eight observational studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The OR for prevalent hearing loss was 1.27 (95% CI 1.07, 1.51) in obesity, 1.97 (95% CI 1.51, 2.57) in diabetes, 1.53 (95% CI 1.31, 1.79) in hypertension, and 4.22 (95% CI 1.74, 10.20) for metabolic syndrome. Conclusions. The findings suggest that both metabolic syndrome and some diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, could be associated with the risk of hearing loss, and control of these diseases could reduce this risk.

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The kinematic assessment of the upper limbs in breast cancer (BC) survivors is one of the most common procedures to determine the recovery process after BC surgery. However, the methodology used is heterogeneous, finding various evaluation methods, which makes it difficult to compare results between studies. The objective of this review was to identify the technical features of the kinematic evaluation methods used in patients with mastectomy for BC. A literature review was conducted to search in electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A total of 641 articles were obtained. After screening the title and the summary of the investigations, 20 manuscripts were kept for a deeper analysis. Different methodologies were found for the analysis of the kinematics of the upper limbs. Eight (40%) articles used the optoelectronic system, nine (45%) used the electromagnetic system, and three (15%) used other optoelectronic systems to assess shoulder kinematics. Each investigation studied different variables such as the type of surgery, the evaluation time, the age of the patients, the rehabilitation protocol, and so on. This makes the comparison among studies difficult, and the recovery process of the patients cannot be easily determined. In conclusion, the interpretation of the movement of the upper limbs should be easy to understand for oncologists, physiotherapists, clinicians, and researchers.

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Blood orange juice is an important source of flavanones and anthocyanins, mainly hesperidin, narirutin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The benefits of these bioactive compounds have been reported, but the mechanistic details behind their biological effects are not well established. This study investigated the effects of Moro orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) juice (MOJ) on gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight women. In this study, 12 overweight women (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), aged 18-37 years, consumed 500 mL of MOJ every day for 4 weeks. We assessed the gut microbiota composition, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cardiometabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of MOJ intake. The results suggested that MOJ intake affected the abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the gut microbiota but did not significantly alter the diversity and general composition of the gut microbiota. However, MOJ intake increased the production of SCFAs, especially propionic and isobutyric acids, and significantly improved cardiometabolic biomarkers such as blood pressure and plasma VCAM-1 levels in the overweight women. Additionally, we observed significant associations between gut microbiota OTUs belonging to the Bacteroidetes phyla and Prevotella 9 genera and the cardiometabolic biomarkers. Furthermore, MOJ reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR values, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity in the insulin-resistant overweight women. Finally, we highlighted the importance of orange juice intake duration because some beneficial changes such as blood pressure improvements were evident at the 2-week time interval of the intervention, but other changes became significant only at the 4-week interval of MOJ intake. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that changes in specific OTUs of the gut microbiota in response to MOJ intake were associated with significant improvements in some cardiometabolic biomarkers and SCFA levels in overweight women with insulin resistance.

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AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term adverse effects of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, and estrogen receptor (ERα and ERß) modulation on endothelial function in female Wistar rats treated with topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic drug, during the peripubertal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg) or water (CTR group) by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50 (peripubertal phase). At the end of the treatment, the TPM and CTR rats were divided into two groups and evaluated after 24 h or from PND 85 (adulthood). The rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (Phenyl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP); aortic ring reactivity after ERα and ERß antagonism; and BP. KEY FINDINGS: It was observed that vascular response to Phenyl, ACh, and SNP was similar between TPM and CTR rats in the short- and long-term evaluations. In addition, the ER antagonism did not interfere with aortic contraction or relaxation in either TPM or CTR. SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, the results show that TPM treatment during the peripubertal period does not alter aortic endothelial function and its estrogen modulation via classic ER in female Wistar rats, suggesting that TPM treatment in this period is safe for the vascular system.

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SCOPE: Chronic orange juice intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, however, a large inter-individual variability in response to orange juice for lipid profile and blood pressure has been observed. This heterogeneity in responsiveness could be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which has not been previously addressed. This study aims to investigate the influence of SNP in apolipoprotein E (APOE), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), mevalonate (MVK), and lipase lipoprotein (LPL) genes in the biological response after chronic orange juice intake. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-six volunteers ingested 500 mL daily for 60 days and blood pressure and biochemical parameters are measured. Also, SNPs in APOE, APOA1, MVK, and LPL genes are genotyped in the volunteers that are medium/high excretors of flavanone metabolites. Genotypes CC (APOA1), AA, and GG (LPL) are associated with positive health effects of orange juice and the CC (APOE), GG (APOA1), GG, and AA (LPL) genotypes are associated with no effects of orange juice consumption (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results identify for the first-time SNP associated with effects of orange juice on lipid levels and blood pressure, results that may provide bases for future precise nutritional recommendations regarding this flavanone-rich food to lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.

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The importance of the textural and physicochemical characteristics upon the adsorption capacity of the commercial activated carbons (ACs) Coconut, Wood, Merck, Darco, and Norit towards ronidazole (RNZ) and diclofenac (DCF) from water solution was investigated thoroughly in this work. At pH = 7, Coconut AC and Wood AC presented the highest adsorption capacity towards RNZ (444 mg/g) and DCF (405 mg/g). The maximum mass of RNZ adsorbed onto Coconut AC was higher in this study than those outlined previously in other works. Besides, the maximum capacity of Wood AC for adsorbing DCF was comparable to those found for other ACs. The adsorption capacity of all the ACs was increased by surface area and was favored by incrementing the acidic site concentration. The π-π stacking interactions were the predominant adsorption mechanism for the RNZ and DCF adsorption on ACs, and the acidic sites favored the adsorption capacity by activating the π-π stacking. Electrostatic interactions did not influence the adsorption of RNZ on Coconut AC, but electrostatic repulsion decreased that of DCF on Wood AC. The adsorption of DCF on Wood AC was reversible but not that of RNZ on Coconut AC. Besides, the adsorption of RNZ and DCF on the Coconut and Wood ACs was endothermic in the range of 15-25 °C.

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Blood orange consumption presents potential health benefits and may modulate epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs) expression. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional gene regulation, and these molecules can also be used as biomarkers in body fluids. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on the inflammatory response and miRNA expression profile in plasma and blood cells in overweight women. The study cohort was comprised of twenty women aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed as overweight, who consumed 500 mL/d of BOJ for four weeks. Clinical data were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of juice consumption, e.g., anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters, food intake, blood cell count, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. BOJ samples were analyzed and characterized. Additionally, plasma and blood cells were also collected for miRNA expression profiling and evaluation of the expression of genes and proteins in the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. BOJ intake increased the expression of miR-144-3p in plasma and the expression of miR-424-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-130b-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conversely, the beverage intake decreased the expression of let-7f-5p and miR-126-3p in PBMC. Computational analyses identified different targets of the dysregulated miRNA on inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, BOJ intake increased vitamin C consumption and the pJNK/JNK ratio and decreased the expression of IL6 mRNA and NFκB protein. These results demonstrate that BOJ regulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process and decreases NFкB-protein expression in PBMC.

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Topiramate (TOP) is a psychotropic drug prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy in children older than 2 years of age and for migraine prophylaxis in adolescents. There is evidence that TOP promotes negative effects on the reproductive system of male rats. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and late treatment effects of TOP during childhood and adolescence on the male rat reproductive system. Two experimental groups received 41 mg/kg of TOP daily, by gavage, from postnatal day (PND) 16 to 28 (TOPc group) or from PND 28 to 50 (TOPa group). Control groups (CTRc group or CTRa group) received water daily. Half of the anim-als were evaluated 24 h after the end of treatment (PND 29 and PND 51, respectively) and the remainder were evaluated in adulthood (PND120). The following parameters were determined: anogenital distance, sperm evaluation, testis' histomorphometry and plasma testosterone concentration. At PND 120, the volume (CTRc:62.58 ± 2.13; TOPc: 54.54 ± 2.10*%, p = 0.018) and total length (CTRc: 25.48 ± 1.61; TOPc: 18.94 ± 2.41*, p = 0.035) of seminiferous tubules were decreased and the volume of interstitial tissue (CTRc:37.41 ± 2.13; TOPc: 45.45 ± 2.09*%, p = 0.018) and number of Leydig cells/testis (CTRc: 277.00 ± 36.70; TOPc: 400.20 ± 13.23*, p = 0.013) were increased in the TOPc group. The other parameters remained similar between the groups. Therefore, the present study contributes to our understanding that childhood treatment with TOP has an impact on the rat reproductive system in adulthood, suggesting that this period is more sensitive to TOP exposure than adolescence.

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INTRODUCTION: Various studies have linked lifestyle and metabolic diseases to hearing loss. Research on metabolic syndrome has reported a higher prevalence of hearing loss in individuals with it than those without it. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the risk of hearing loss in people diagnosed with metabolic syndrome or diseases versus those without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Following the PRISMA recommendations for systematic review and meta-analysis, searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SciELO. Only cross-sectional studies associate hearing loss with obesity, hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, and Hyperglycemia. The odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the studies were pooled in a random effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Using Rev Manager 5.1, OR heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and Q statistics. RESULTS: Twenty-eight observational studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The OR for prevalent hearing loss was 1.27 (95% CI 1.07, 1.51) in obesity, 1.97 (95% CI 1.51, 2.57) in diabetes, 1.53 (95% CI 1.31, 1.79) in hypertension, and 4.22 (95% CI 1.74, 10.20) for metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that both metabolic syndrome and some diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, could be associated with the risk of hearing loss, and control of these diseases could reduce this risk.

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