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INTRODUCTION: Individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present respiratory and motor complications, requiring rehabilitation programs (RP) for long periods. However, access to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is poor. Cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation is an alternative for cardiopulmonary dysfunction, improving functional capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life. Moreover, few clinical trials verified the effectiveness of telerehabilitation using functional exercise for post-COVID symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the effects of cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation using functional and accessible exercises in individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge. METHODS: This blinded, randomized, and controlled clinical trial and included 67 adult individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge. Participants were randomized into the groups of telerehabilitation (TG; n = 33) and control (CG; n = 34). TG underwent an individualized exercise program (functional and accessible exercises) supervised by a physical therapist (videoconference), and CG received guidance on general care and self-monitoring of vital signs (videoconference). The primary outcome was performance and physiological responses on the 6-minute step test (6MST). Secondary outcomes were performance on the 2-minute stationary walk test (2MSWT), 30-second chair stand test (30CST), and quality of life using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire physical functioning concept (PF). RESULTS: Functional capacity (6MST) improved by 28 ± 17 steps in TG and 15 ± 26 in CG (p = 0.04). For secondary outcomes, performance on 2MSWT increased by 39 ± 6 steps in TG and 10 ± 6 in CG (p = 0.00); 30CST by 3 ± 1 repetitions in TG and 1.5 ± 0.5 in CG (p = 0.05); and PF (SF-36) by 17 ± 4 points in TG and 12 ± 4 in CG (p = 0.00). Also, peak oxygen uptake VO2peak (6MST) improved by 3.8 ± 1 mL min-1 kg-1 in TG and 4.1 ± 1 in CG (p = 0.6), and heart rate demand (6MST) by 11 ± 37% in TG and -4 ± 19% in CG (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation using functional exercises improved the exercise and functional capacity assessed using 6MST, 30CST, and 2MSWT and the quality of life of individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge.

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Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 is an anomalepidid blindsnake genus that encompasses 12 species, widely distributed in Central and South America. In this study, we evaluate the taxonomic status of Liotyphlops sousai Santos & Reis, 2018, a species described based on a single specimen from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Brazil, and after analyzing evidences based upon molecular systematics, external morphology and osteology, we propose its synonymy with Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924), a common and widely distributed Anomalepidid species. We also provide comments and recommendations on the taxonomy of Liotyphlops, assessing the risks associated with describing a new species based on small type series.

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Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have a limited level of physical activity in daily life (PADL) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The interrelationships of these variables should be measure by cluster analysis to characterize this population and enable rehabilitation programs to target each patient profile identified. This study investigates different phenotypes in COPD according to PADL and HRQOL. A cross-sectional study with cluster analysis was done, in which 76 people with COPD were submitted to measurements to characterize the sample on first day, followed by used of physical activity monitor, which was worn for 7 days. After 7 days, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and HRQOL questionnaires were applied (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire). The main results: three phenotypes were identified (A, B and C), with phenotype A who exhibited an inactive physical activity level and HRQOL scores above the value deemed satisfactory, phenotype B those with active physical activity level and poor HRQOL scores, and phenotype C subjects with inactive physical activity level and HRQOL scores but the value is close to cutoff point. To conclude, three phenotypes were found, with one indicating disproportionality between PADL and HRQOL.

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Brazilian continental islands represent a natural laboratory to study speciation driven by recent phenotypic and genotypic divergence. The Bothrops jararaca species group is distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and on most of the Brazilian continental islands. The group is currently composed of the mainland common lancehead (B. jararaca) and four insular species (B. alcatraz, B. insularis, B. otavioi, and B. sazimai). Here, we evaluate mitochondrial DNA and morphological diversity of the B. jararaca species group and aim to provide additional evidence to understand insularization processes on the Brazilian coast. Our results, interpreted together with a comprehensive review of geomorphological data, provide a new conceptual framework for understanding the colonization process of the Brazilian continental islands. This framework suggests a history of multiple rounds of periodic isolation and reconnection between insular populations and their mainland relatives throughout the last 420,000 years. Furthermore, although some insular populations may have speciated prior to the last glacial maximum, other species likely diverged within the last 11,000 years. Additionally, the repeated evolution of size and dietary shift in the B. jararaca species group suggests a remarkable case of convergent adaptation. Our study provides evidence that the Bothrops from Ilha da Moela (Brazilian state of São Paulo) represents an undescribed species, presenting a distinct phenotype, and an exclusive history of isolation and adaptation. We describe this unique lancehead as a new species and we suggest it should be listed as critically endangered based on its endemicity to a small island that is severely impacted by constant and longstanding human presence.

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The genus Thamnodynastes is the most diverse within the tribe Tachymenini, with an extensive and complex taxonomic history. The brief descriptions and lack of robust diagnostic characters are the main sources for identification errors and for the difficulty to assess the diversity estimates of the genus. The Thamnodynastes pallidus group was briefly designated to encompass the most arboreal species of the genus, with thinner bodies and longer tails: T. pallidus, T. longicaudus, T. sertanejo, and a fourth undescribed species. After its designation, no other paper addressed this group and its morphological variation, especially for the hemipenis, is still undetermined. After the analysis of all species of Thamnodynastes we were able to corroborate the distinctiveness of the T. pallidus group and to accurately diagnose its fourth species from the western portion of the Amazonia lowlands. The new species is distinguishable from all congeners, except T. sertanejo, by the absence of ventral longitudinal stripes, 17/17/11 dorsal scale rows, and dorsal dark brown blotches on the anterior third of the body. The new species is distinguished from T. sertanejo by the higher number of subcaudals, lower number of ventrals, and smaller body and head sizes. We also provide additional diagnostic features for the Thamnodynastes pallidus group, including new data on hemipenial variation. Finally, we briefly discuss the defensive behavior and morphological characters associated with arboreality in members of the T. pallidus species group.

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Tantilla is one of the most diverse genera among colubrids, with 67 species arranged in six phenotypically recognized species groups. Tantilla boipiranga is the most recently described species within the T. melanocephala group, and it was described based on a small type series, collected in the rupestrian grasslands of south-eastern Brazil. The morphological diversity and the phylogenetic affinity of this species remain poorly known. Here, based on the assessment of recently collected specimens in combination with results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis, we evaluate the morphological variation within T. boipiranga and its phylogenetic position. Our analyses confirm T. boipiranga as genetically distinct from its generic counterparts, and diagnosable based on a combination of colour pattern, meristic counts, and hemipenial morphology. However, contrary to its original description, the hemipenial ornamentation does not differen-tiate T. boipiranga from the highly variable T. melanocephala. In our phylogenetic analysis, T. boipiranga is retrieved as a monophyletic group, nested within the diversity of T. melanocephala and sister to a clade composed by specimens from south-eastern Brazil. Tantilla melanocephala is recovered as a highly diverse lineage, indicating the possible presence of undescribed species. Additionally, our analysis indicates that the T. coronata and T. planiceps species group are mono-phyletic, while the T. taeniata species group is paraphyletic and the only sampled species for the T. calamarina group is nested within the T. melanocephala group. Our results suggest that the phenotypic evolution within the genus is probably more complex than previously recognized, and some colouration patterns used to define the groups can in fact represent phenotypical convergences. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis suggests a strong signal of geographical structure in the tree topology. Three main geographical lineages were found, a North American, a South American and a Central Ameri-can. The first two lineages were recovered as monophyletic, while the latter is paraphyletic, with Central American species positioned as sister groups of both, the North American and the South American clades. Although a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis is needed, our study strongly indicates the existence of hidden diversity within the T. melanocephala group and that Tantilla represents an ideal model to evaluate the validity of phenotypical groups in snake systematics and to study the driven mechanisms of morphological evolution.

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The genus Thamnodynastes is the most diverse within the tribe Tachymenini, with an extensive and complex taxonomic history. The brief descriptions and lack of robust diagnostic characters are the main sources for identification errors and for the difficulty to assess the diversity estimates of the genus. The Thamnodynastes pallidus group was briefly designated to encompass the most arboreal species of the genus, with thinner bodies and longer tails: T. pallidus, T. longicaudus, T. sertanejo, and a fourth undescribed species. After its designation, no other paper addressed this group and its morphological variation, especially for the hemipenis, is still undetermined. After the analysis of all species of Thamnodynastes we were able to corroborate the distinctiveness of the T. pallidus group and to accurately diagnose its fourth species from the western portion of the Amazonia lowlands. The new species is distinguishable from all congeners, except T. sertanejo, by the absence of ventral longitudinal stripes, 17/17/11 dorsal scale rows, and dorsal dark brown blotches on the anterior third of the body. The new species is distinguished from T. sertanejo by the higher number of subcaudals, lower number of ventrals, and smaller body and head sizes. We also provide additional diagnostic features for the Thamnodynastes pallidus group, including new data on hemipenial variation. Finally, we briefly discuss the defensive behavior and morphological characters associated with arboreality in members of the T. pallidus species group.

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Factors driving the spatial configuration of centres of endemism have long been a topic of broad interest and debate. Due to different eco-evolutionary processes, these highly biodiverse areas may harbour different amounts of ancient and recently diverged organisms (paleo- and neo-endemism, respectively). Patterns of endemism still need to be measured at distinct phylogenetic levels for most clades and, consequently, little is known about the distribution, the age and the causes of such patterns. Here we tested for the presence of centres with high phylogenetic endemism (PE) in the highly diverse Neotropical snakes, testing the age of these patterns (paleo- or neo-endemism), and the presence of PE centres with distinct phylogenetic composition. We then tested whether PE is predicted by topography, by climate (seasonality, stability, buffering and relictualness), or biome size. We found that most areas of high PE for Neotropical snakes present a combination of both ancient and recently diverged diversity, which is distributed mostly in the Caribbean region, Central America, the Andes, the Atlantic Forest and on scattered highlands in central Brazil. Turnover of lineages is higher across Central America, resulting in more phylogenetically distinct PE centres compared to South America, which presents a more phylogenetically uniform snake fauna. Finally, we found that elevational range (topographic roughness) is the main predictor of PE, especially for paleo-endemism, whereas low paleo-endemism levels coincide with areas of high climatic seasonality. Our study highlights the importance of mountain systems to both ancient and recent narrowly distributed diversity. Mountains are both museums and cradles of snake diversity in the Neotropics, which has important implications for conservation in this region.

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We recorded a second specimen of the poorly known insular blind snake Liotyphlops caissara. This new specimen expands the morphological variation of the number of dorsal scales in the genus Liotyphlops to 296 (vs. 304 in L. wilderi) and, considering the fact that the holotype of this species was destroyed, the present specimen represents the only available L. caissara individual in zoological collections. Also, this new record constitutes the first out of type locality and expands the distribution of the species in about 40 km to the northeastern. According to IUCN criteria (B1a, b [iii]), we suggest that L. caissara be included in the "Endangered" category, since it occurs in only two insular locations and exhibits an occurrence extension of <5,000 km² (about 355 km2).

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En Paraguay la incidencia de cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es superior a las observadas en otros países de la región. El agente etiológico asociado al CCU es el virus papiloma humano (VPH), esencialmente tipos de alto riesgo oncogénicos. El objetivo es describir aspectos epidemiológicos de la infección genital por el virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH-AR) en mujeres de 25 a 64 años que consultaron en servicios de Patología Cervical del MSPyBS, de mayo a diciembre de 2013. Se utilizó el Cobas 4800 HPV Test (Roche) que permite la detección individual de VPH-16 y VPH-18 y un pool de otros VPH-AR que incluye 12 genotipos de alto riesgo. Los otros VPH-AR fueron tipificados por hibridación reversa en línea (RLB). Entre las 495 mujeres incluidas, se detectaron 72 casos positivos (14,5%) de VPH-AR. Se identificaron 19 tipos virales; siendo el más frecuente VPH-16 (2,1%), seguido del VPH-31, 33, 58 y 66; el VPH-18 aparece en sexto lugar. Este trabajo aporta los primeros datos sobre la implementación de técnicas moleculares para detección y tipificación de VPH como parte del sistema de salud pública de Paraguay. El predominio de VPH-16, confirma su amplia circulación a nivel mundial y dado su mayor potencial oncogénico, representa una alerta a considerar, en especial en las mujeres mayores de 30 años portadoras de una infección persistente. Estos resultados apoyan la importancia de la implementación criteriosa y la utilización apropiada de las pruebas moleculares actualmente disponibles para la prevención y control del CCU(AU)

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Accurate and detailed species distribution maps are fundamental for documenting and interpreting biological diversity. For snakes, an ecologically diverse group of reptiles, syntheses and detailed data on distribution patterns remain scarce. We present the first comprehensive collection of detailed, voucher-based, point-locality, range maps for all described and documented Brazilian snakes, with the major aim of mitigating the Wallacean shortfall and as a contribution towards a better understanding of this rich, threatened, and poorly studied megadiverse fauna. We recorded a total of 412 snake species in Brazil on the basis of an extensive and verified point-locality database of 163,498 entries and 75,681 unique records (available here as Online Supporting Information). Our results reveal previously undocumented patterns of distribution, sampling effort, richness, and endemism levels, resulting in a more objective view of snake diversity in the Neotropics. Apart from these achievements, we understand that the most relevant and enduring contribution of the present atlas is to stimulate researchers to publish corrections, additions, and new discoveries.

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We recorded a second specimen of the poorly known insular blind snake Liotyphlops caissara. This new specimen expands the morphological variation of the number of dorsal scales in the genus Liotyphlops to 296 (vs. 304 in L. wilderi) and, considering the fact that the holotype of this species was destroyed, the present specimen represents the only available L. caissara individual in zoological collections. Also, this new record constitutes the first out of type locality and expands the distribution of the species in about 40 km to the northeastern. According to IUCN criteria (B1a, b [iii]), we suggest that L. caissara be included in the "Endangered" category, since it occurs in only two insular locations and exhibits an occurrence extension of <5,000 km² (about 355 km2).

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The combined application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers is a promising agronomic strategy for the biofortification of wheat grain with Zn for human nutrition. A glasshouse experiment was carried out to assess the effects of supplying N on the uptake, translocation and accumulation of Zn in tissues of two wheat genotypes (Quartzo and BRS Parrudo) with contrasting potential for grain Zn biofortification. Winter wheat genotypes were grown to maturity in 5 cm diameter, 100 cm length tubes filled with a mixture of sand, grit and gravel (40:40:20 v/v/v) over a layer of 0.1 m3 of gravel, and supplied a full nutrient solution with low Zn (0.15 µM) or high Zn (2.25 µM) and low N (0.4 mM) or high N (4.0 mM) concentrations. High N supply increased biomass production, Zn concentration and Zn content of straw and grain in both Quartzo and BRS Parrudo. Grain Zn content more than doubled when the supplies of Zn and N were both increased from low to high in both genotypes. Quartzo had a greater grain yield than BRS Parrudo. BRS Parrudo had greater grain Zn concentration and Zn content than Quartzo. A greater N supply promoted better uptake, translocation to the shoot and accumulation of Zn within the grain. Quartzo and BRS Parrudo differed in their partitioning of biomass and Zn between tissues. It might be possible to combine the greater grain yield of Quartzo with the greater grain Zn accumulation of BRS Parrudo to deliver a greatly improved genotype for human food security.

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The Serra da Mantiqueira is one of the least inventoried physiographic areas of southeastern Brazil. There is great potential for detection of endemic species for which little or nothing is known about basic aspects of natural history. The Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio (PESP) within the Serra da Mantiqueira is an area of extreme biological importance because it houses mixed formations of grasslands, ombrophilous forests, and enclaves of Araucaria forests (mixed ombrophilous forest). Currently, the mixed ombrophilous forest covers less than 5% of its original range and areas occupied by this forest type, and associated ecosystems constitute refuges, housing several endemic, high altitude species. Between September 2015 and April 2016, field samplings were performed in the PESP using four distinct methods. The objective was to determine the composition and natural history of snakes from an isolated, high altitude area of the Serra da Mantiqueira. In PESP and surrounding areas, 80 individuals representing 24 species, 19 genera, and three families were recorded. Data are presented on abundance, habitat, daily activity, diet, reproduction, and defense. Comparison of the PESP snake assemblage with 30 other Atlantic Forest areas in southeastern Brazil indicate the Serra da Mantiqueira presents particular characteristics regarding snake composition.

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A new species of elapid snake of the genus Micrurus is described herein, from the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, in the western Brazilian Amazon. The new species has a single anal plate, a unique characteristic shared with members of the M. hemprichii species group. It can be distinguished from the other members of this group by having a parietal reddish band in juveniles (absent in adults) and the absence of brownish or orange-yellow dorsal body bands. In addition, this species is distinguished from M. hemprichii by its lower number of body triads, and from M. ortoni by its lower numbers of ventrals and subcaudals scales

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Resulting from the search for wheat cultivars with high yield potential, plant health, processing quality and tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting, CD 1252 was developed from the cross between cultivar IPR 85 and line OR1/3/BOW/GLENSON//BAGULA. Cultivar CD 1252 was tested in preliminary grain yield trials in 2005 and 2006, and then tested to determine the Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) from 2007 to 2014, labelled CD 0711. All tests were arranged in an experimental design of randomized blocks, with three replications. The yield of cultivar CD 1252 was 5%, 4% and 1% higher than the average yield of the two best controls, respectively, in the wheat-growing regions VCU 2, 3 and 4. The wheat quality, potential for grain yield, and tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting of this cultivar are superior and it is tolerant to the main wheat diseases.

Buscando cultivares de potencial produtivo, sanidade, qualidade industrial e tolerância a germinação na espiga, foi desenvolvida a cultivar de trigo CD 1252, obtida do cruzamento entre a cultivar IPR 85 e a linhagem OR 1/3/BOW/GLENSON//BAGULA. A cultivar CD 1252, participou dos Ensaios Preliminares de rendimento de grãos em 2005 e 2006, sendo em seguida testada em Ensaios de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU), nos anos de 2007 a 2014, com a sigla CD 0711. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A cultivar CD 1252 apresentou rendimento 5%, 4% e 1% superior à média das duas melhores testemunhas, respectivamente, nas Regiões Tritícolas de VCU 2, 3 e 4. A referida cultivar tem qualidade superior (trigo melhorador), alto potencial de rendimento de grãos, tolerância à germinação na espiga e tolerância às principais doenças.

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A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that were found in 2 communities in Canchis province, Cuzco region, Peru, at 4500 meters above sea level (Peruvian Andes). The cestodes were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was used as a genetic marker. All the cestodes were identified as Taenia omissa. In the present report, we give a brief description by molecular and morphological diagnosis of the cestodes and compare nucleotide sequences with previous isolates from GenBank. Upon comparison, the sequences showed a difference in the cox1 gene of 5.1 to 5.3% with other teniids sequences. This finding constitutes the first report of T. omissa in Peru and expands the geographic distribution of this parasite.

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Abstract A total of 41 cestodes were collected during necropsy examination on 2 pumas (Puma concolor) that were found in 2 communities in Canchis province, Cuzco region, Peru, at 4500 meters above sea level (Peruvian Andes). The cestodes were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was used as a genetic marker. All the cestodes were identified as Taenia omissa. In the present report, we give a brief description by molecular and morphological diagnosis of the cestodes and compare nucleotide sequences with previous isolates from GenBank. Upon comparison, the sequences showed a difference in the cox1 gene of 5.1 to 5.3% with other teniids sequences. This finding constitutes the first report of T. omissa in Peru and expands the geographic distribution of this parasite.(AU)

Resumo Um total de quarenta e um cestóides foram coletados durante a necropsia de duas onça-pardas (Puma concolor) encontradas em duas comunidades na província de Canchis, em Cuzco, a 4500 metros acima do nível do mar, nos Andes peruanos. Os cestóides foram avaliados morfologicamente e molecularmente. Um fragmento do gene citocromo C oxidase subunidade 1 (cox1) foi utilizado como marcador genético. Todos os cestóides foram identificados como Taenia omissa. No presente relato, dá-se uma breve descrição dos cestóides e compara-se sequências de nucleotídeos com isolados anteriores presentes no GenBank. Após a comparação, as sequências mostraram uma diferença de 5,1-5,3% entre o gene cox1 e outras sequências de tênias. Esse achado constitui o primeiro relato de T. omissa no Peru e amplia a informação sobre a distribuição geográfica deste parasita.(AU)

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