RESUMO
Resumo A literacia em saúde (LS) é hoje uma importante ferramenta na promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença. O presente estudo, exploratório e correlacional, tem como objetivos: caracterizar os estudantes do ensino superior (ES) relativamente aos seus níveis de LS e de LS digital (e-LS); explorar suas relações com a utilização de redes sociais e comportamentos de saúde; explorar possíveis preditores de LS e e-LS. Participaram no estudo 125 estudantes de diversos cursos, que responderam a instrumentos de autorrelato. Os resultados mostraram níveis de LS em geral acima dos encontrados na população portuguesa, mas abaixo dos níveis de LS nas faixas etárias em que se inserem esses estudantes. Do total de participantes, 42,9% apresentam valores inadequados ou problemáticos, o que constitui uma oportunidade estratégica para a promoção da LS no contexto do ES. O nível de escolaridade da mãe e o próprio sofrer de uma doença crônica revelaram-se preditores significativos da e-LS. As tecnologias digitais podem ser utilizadas como um adequado meio de promoção da saúde dos estudantes do ES, sendo fundamental a identificação de outros preditores de LS e e-LS. As universidades devem incluir a LS nos seus currículos, num conceito alargado de promoção da saúde no ES.
Abstract Health literacy (HL) is today an important tool in health promotion and disease prevention. This exploratory and correlational study aims to: characterize Higher Education (HE) students in terms of their HL and digital HS (e-HL) levels; explore their relationships with the use of social networks and health behaviors; and explore possible predictors of HL and e-HL. The study included 125 students from different courses, who responded to self-report instruments (e.g., Health Literacy Survey 16; eHealth Literacy Scale). The results showed HL levels in general above those found in the Portuguese population, but below the HL levels in the age groups in which HE students belong. Of the total number of participants, 42.9% have inadequate or problematic values, which constitutes a strategic opportunity for the promotion of HL in the context of HE. The mother's level of education and the fact that the student suffers from a chronic disease proved to be significant predictors of e-HL. Digital technologies can be used as an adequate means of promoting the health of HE students, and it is essential to identify other predictors of HL and e-HL.
RESUMO
Abstract The Portuguese military in mission state that parents and siblings are a fundamental support; however, research is very scarce in this area. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a mission on the daily life, communication and emotional responses of 227 relatives of 92 military personnel, 114 siblings (M age = 29.14, SD = 9.81) e 113 parents (M age = 55.06, SD = 9.12). A questionnaire related to the mission was applied, focusing on changes in the daily life, social support, communication and advice to other family members; and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule since receiving notification. The results revealed that the parents suffered more with the notification and that there were changes in family functioning and in the functional support. Communication with the deployed military service member strengthens family relationships, morale, and well-being. Participants reported emotions of concern and pride, and gave advice based on a positive attitude toward the military and the mission.
Resumo Os militares portugueses em missão costumam mencionar que pais e irmãos são um apoio fundamental, contudo a investigação é muito escassa nesta área. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto de uma missão no cotidiano, comunicação e nas respostas emocionais de 227 familiares de 92 militares, 114 irmãos (M idade = 29.14, DP = 9.81) e 113 progenitores (M idade = 55.06, DP = 9.12). Aplicou-se um questionário relativo à missão, focando alterações do cotidiano, suporte social, comunicação e conselhos a outros familiares; e a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos perante a notificação da mesma. Os resultados revelaram que os progenitores sofreram mais com a notificação e que existiram alterações no funcionamento familiar e no suporte funcional. A comunicação com o militar destacado fortalece as relações familiares, a moral e o bem-estar. Os participantes destacaram as emoções de preocupação e orgulho assim como conselhos pautados por uma atitude positiva face aos militares e à missão.
Resumen Los militares portugueses en misión mencionan que los padres y hermanos son un apoyo fundamental, pero la investigación es muy escasa en esta área. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el impacto de una misión en la vida cotidiana, la comunicación y las respuestas emocionales de 227 familiares de 92 militares, 114 hermanos (M edad = 29.14 SD = 9.81) y 113 padres (M edad = 55.06, SD = 9.12). Se aplicó un cuestionario de misión, centrado en los cambios diarios, el apoyo social, la comunicación y el asesoramiento a otros miembros de la familia; y la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos tras la notificación. Los resultados revelaron que los padres sufrieron más con la notificación y que hubo cambios en el funcionamiento familiar y el apoyo funcional. La comunicación con el militar separado fortalece las relaciones familiares, la moral y el bienestar. Los participantes destacaron emociones de preocupación y orgullo, así como consejos basados en una actitud positiva hacia los militares y la misión.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia Militar , Apoio Social , Atitude , Família , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comunicação , Emoções Manifestas , Afeto , Relações Familiares , MilitaresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm) is a natural component of sunlight, which has numerous regulatory effects on plant physiology. The nature of the response to UV-B is dependent on fluence rate, dose, duration and wavelength of the UV-B treatment. Some reports have analyzed the changes in gene expression caused by UV-B light on several plant species using microarray technology. However, there is no information on the transcriptome response triggered by UV-B in grapevine. In this paper we investigate the gene expression responses of leaves from in vitro cultured Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec plants subjected to the same dose of biologically effective UV-B radiation (4.75 kJ m-2 d-1) administered at two different fluence rates (16 h at â 8.25 µW cm-2, 4 h at â 33 µW cm-2) using a new custom made GrapeGen Affymetrix GeneChip®. RESULTS: The number of genes modulated by high fluence rate UV-B doubled the number of genes modulated by low fluence UV-B. Their functional analyses revealed several functional categories commonly regulated by both UV-B treatments as well as categories more specifically modulated depending on UV-B fluence rate. General protective responses, namely the induction of pathways regulating synthesis of UV-B absorbing compounds such as the Phenylpropanoid pathway, the induction of different antioxidant defense systems and the activation of pathways commonly associated with pathogen defense and abiotic stress responses seem to play critical roles in grapevine responses against UV-B radiation. Furthermore, high fluence rate UV-B seemed to specifically modulate additional pathways and processes in order to protect grapevine plantlets against UV-B-induced oxidative stress, stop the cell cycle progression, and control protein degradation. On the other hand, low fluence rate UV-B regulated the expression of specific responses in the metabolism of auxin and abscisic acid as well as in the modification of cell walls that could be involved in UV-B acclimation-like processes. CONCLUSION: Our results show the UV-B radiation effects on the leaf transcriptome of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec) plantlets. Functional categories commonly modulated under both UV-B treatments as well as transcripts specifically regulated in an UV-B-intensity dependent way were identified. While high fluence rate UV-B had regulatory effects mainly on defense or general multiple-stress responses pathways, low fluence rate UV-B promoted the expression of genes that could be involved in UV-B protection or the amelioration of the UV-B-induced damage. This study also provides an extensive list of genes regulating multiple metabolic pathways involved in the response of grapevine to UV-B that can be used for future researches.