RESUMO
This study describes the criteria that are used in ultrasound to measure the differences between the tongue contours that produce [s] and [Ê] sounds in the speech of adults, typically developing children (TDC), and children with speech sound disorder (SSD) with the phonological process of palatal fronting. Overlapping images of the tongue contours that resulted from 35 subjects producing the [s] and [Ê] sounds were analysed to select 11 spokes on the radial grid that were spread over the tongue contour. The difference was calculated between the mean contour of the [s] and [Ê] sounds for each spoke. A cluster analysis produced groups with some consistency in the pattern of articulation across subjects and differentiated adults and TDC to some extent and children with SSD with a high level of success. Children with SSD were less likely to show differentiation of the tongue contours between the articulation of [s] and [Ê].
Assuntos
Transtorno Fonológico , Fala/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Palato/diagnóstico por imagem , Fonética , Medida da Produção da Fala/métodos , Língua/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the tongue shape for /s/ and /∫/ sounds in three different groups of children with and without speech sound disorder. METHODS: The six participants were divided into three groups: Group 1--two typically developing children, Group 2--two children with speech sound disorder presenting any other phonological processes but not the ones involving the production of the /∫/ and Group 3--two children with speech sound disorder presenting any phonological processes associated to the presence of the phonological process of palatal fronting (these two children produced /∫/ as /s/) aged between 5 and 8 years old, all speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The data were the words /'∫avi/ (key) and /'sapu/ (frog). Tongue contour was individually traced for the five productions of each target word. RESULTS: The analysis of the tongue contour pointed to evidences that both /s/ and /∫/ were produced using distinct tongue contours for G1 and G2. The production of these two groups was more stable than G3. The tongue contour for /s/ and /∫/ from the children in G3 was similar, indicating that their production was undifferentiated. CONCLUSION: The use of the ultrasound applied to the speech analysis was effective to confirm the perceptual analysis of the sound made ââby the speech-language pathologist.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Articulação/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Linguagem/diagnóstico por imagem , Língua/fisiologia , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Linguagem , Masculino , Medida da Produção da Fala , Transtorno Fonológico , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Verificar se o índice de gravidade, que mede a porcentagem de consoantes corretas, distingue as crianças com transtorno fonológico em relação às medidas de estimulabilidade e inconsistência de fala, bem como à presença dos históricos familial e de otite média. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 15 sujeitos com idades entre 5 e 7 anos e 11meses, com diagnóstico de transtorno fonológico. O índice Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas - Revisado (PCC-R) foi calculado para as provas de imitação de palavras e de nomeação de figuras, separadamente. A partir destas provas também foi computada a necessidade de aplicação da prova de estimulabilidade, de acordo com os critérios propostos em pesquisas anteriores. A prova de inconsistência de fala permitiu classificar os sujeitos como consistentes ou inconsistentes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os valores do PCC-R medido na prova de nomeação e de imitação foi observada diferença em relação à necessidade da aplicação da estimulabilidade. Em relação à prova de inconsistência de fala, não houve evidência desta relação. Não foi verificada diferença no PCC-R considerando-se a presença dos históricos de otite média e familial. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo indica que as crianças que precisaram da aplicação da prova de estimulabilidade apresentaram valores mais baixos de PCC-R. Entretanto, em relação à prova de inconsistência de fala e aos históricos de otite ou familial, o PCC-R não determinou diferenças entre as crianças.
PURPOSE: To determine whether the severity index that measures the percentage of consonants correct distinguishes children with speech sound disorders (SSD) according to measures of stimulability and speech inconsistency, as well as to the presence of heritability (familial history) and history of early recurrent otitis media. METHODS: Participants were 15 subjects aged between 5 and 7 years and 11 months, diagnosed as phonologically disordered. The PCC-R index was calculated for both words imitation and picture naming tasks, separately. The need to apply stimulability test was considered according to the criteria proposed in previous research for Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children. Speech inconsistency allowed the classification of subjects as either consistent or inconsistent. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Comparison between PCC-R calculated for picture naming and words imitation tasks demonstrated difference only for the need for the application of the stimulability test. Such difference was not observed in the speech inconsistency test. No difference was found at PCC-R values considering both familial and otitis media histories. CONCLUSION: The present research indicates that children who were submitted to the stimulability test presented lower values of PCC-R. However, PCC-R values were not determinant for differences among children, regarding the speech inconsistency test and familial and otitis media histories.