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We report direct-detection constraints on light dark matter particles interacting with electrons. The results are based on a method that exploits the extremely low levels of leakage current of the DAMIC detector at SNOLAB of 2-6×10^{-22} A cm^{-2}. We evaluate the charge distribution of pixels that collect <10e^{-} for contributions beyond the leakage current that may be attributed to dark matter interactions. Constraints are placed on so-far unexplored parameter space for dark matter masses between 0.6 and 100 MeV c^{-2}. We also present new constraints on hidden-photon dark matter with masses in the range 1.2-30 eV c^{-2}.
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OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults 25-64 years of age from Medellin and surrounding municipalities, Colombia. METHOD: We used 2008-2010 data from the Antioquia STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS), a multi-stage complex cross-sectional survey designed according to World Health Organization guidelines. The revised 2005 International Diabetes Federation definition of MetS was used. RESULTS: There were a total of 3000 participants. Of these, 21.4% had high blood pressure (HBP) and 64% had abdominal obesity (AO). In the subsample with serum data (n = 943), 19.8% had high fasting serum glucose, 43.9% had high triglycerides (HTG), and 56.6% had low HDL cholesterol (L-HDL). Among those with data to define MetS (n = 901), 41% had MetS. Older age was associated with MetS and all components except L-HDL. Female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.70], being married (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.09-1.82), and high physical activity (OR = 0.59, CI: 0.39-0.91) were associated with AO, smoking with HTG (OR = 1.76, CI: 1.16-2.67) and L-HDL (OR = 1.67, CI: 1.10-2.51) and rural residence with HBP (OR = 3.42, CI: 1.83-6.37) and L-HDL (OR = 1.18, CI: 1.10-2.51). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS and AO was high in this Colombian region. Targeted strategies for promoting healthy behaviors are needed.
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Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in children. STUDY DESIGN: With the use of data from 5305 children aged 6 to 18 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), a cross-sectional health survey, we examined whether CRP concentrations were elevated among overweight children. RESULTS: Among children whose BMI was below the age- and sex-specific 15th percentile, 6.6% of boys and 10.7% of girls had an elevated CRP concentration (>2.1 mg/L) compared with 24.2% of boys and 31.9% of girls whose BMI was > or =95th percentile. After adjustment was done for age, sex, race or ethnicity, poverty income ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, white blood cell count, and history of chronic bronchitis, the adjusted odds of having an elevated CRP concentration were 2.20 (95% CI 1.30, 3.75) for children with a BMI of 85th to <95th percentile and 4.92 (95% CI 3.39, 7.15) for children with a BMI of > or =95th percentile compared with children who had a BMI of 15th to <85th percentile. The associations did not differ significantly by age, sex, or race or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: In a large representative sample of US children, CRP concentration was significantly elevated among children with a BMI > or=85th percentile, thus confirming previous findings of this association in children and extending previous research in adults to children. Excess body weight may be associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in children.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Obesidade/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies examining the association between total homocyst(e)ine and coronary heart disease have included blacks or Hispanics. METHODS: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (3173 patients), a nationally representative survey of US adults, were used to examine the relation between total homocyst(e)ine and an electrocardiogram or a physician's diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (259 patients) among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans >/=40 years old. RESULTS: Vitamin B(12) and serum folate concentrations were significantly lower among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration >/=15 micromol/L than among those with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration /=15 micromol/L were also older and more likely to be hypertensive, have a higher cholesterol concentration, and smoke. Compared with persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration /=15 micromol/L had an odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.9) after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Similar associations were noted among whites (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and blacks (OR 1.9, 95% CI, 0.8-4.2); a more modest association was noted among Mexican Americans (OR 1.2, 95% CI, 0.3-5.0). The association between total homocyst(e)ine and myocardial infarction was also more pronounced in persons without hypertension or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a 2-fold increased likelihood of myocardial infarction among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration >/=15 micromol/L was noted in this nationally representative survey. The magnitude of the association did not differ by race or ethnicity.
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População Negra , Homocisteína/sangue , Homocistina/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/etnologia , População Branca , Distribuição por Idade , Colesterol/sangue , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Ácido Fólico , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vitamina B 12/sangueRESUMO
Seimatoantlerium gen. nov., type species, S. tepuiense sp. nov. is proposed for an acervular fungus producing 4-septate, holoblastic conidia with 6-8 unbranched, apical appendages that dehisce as an appendage apparatus and also commonly possessing one or two exogenous basal appendages as well as a pedicel. It is compared with Seimatosporium, Seimatosporiopsis, and other genera. It is epiphytic on Maguireothamnus speciosus, a rubiaceous plant endemic to the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela. It produces the anti-oomycetous anticancer compound, taxol, as shown by immunological and spectroscopic methods. Taxol production is discussed relative to the ability of this fungus to exist in an extremely moist ecosystem, as well as to its relationship to other plant associated fungi.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos Mitospóricos/química , Paclitaxel/isolamento & purificação , Plantas/microbiologia , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Ecologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Fungos Mitospóricos/citologia , Fungos Mitospóricos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Kit de Reagentes para DiagnósticoRESUMO
Seimatoantlerium gen. nov., type species, S.tepuiense sp. nov. is proposed for an acervular fungus producing 4-septate, holobastic conidia with 6-8 unbranched, apical appendages that dehisce as an appendage apparatus and also commonly possessing one or two exogenous basal appendages as well as a pedicel. It is compared with Seimatosporium, Seimatosporiopsis, and other genera. It is epiphytic on Maguireothamnus speciosus, a rubiaceous plant endemic to the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela. It produces the anti-oomycetous anticancer compound, taxol, as shown by immunological and spectroscopic methods. Taxol production is discussed relative to the ability of this fungus to exist in an extremely moist ecosystem, as well as to its relationship to other plant associated fungi. (AU)
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Paclitaxel/isolamento & purificação , Fungos Mitospóricos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas/microbiologia , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Ecologia , Fungos Mitospóricos/citologia , Fungos Mitospóricos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Considera la utilización de membranas de vidrio en el proceso de ósmosis inversa para desalinización de agua. Se describe la producción de un vidrio microporoso adecuado a estos fines. Se mencionan otras aplicaciones de las membranas de vidrio además de la ósmosis inversa y, por último, se enumeran algunas compañias que fabrican equipos de membranas de vidrio
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Dessalinização , Filtração por Membranas , Osmose InversaRESUMO
Considera la utilización de membranas de vidrio en el proceso de ósmosis inversa para desalinización de agua. Se describe la producción de un vidrio microporoso adecuado a estos fines. Se mencionan otras aplicaciones de las membranas de vidrio además de la ósmosis inversa y, por último, se enumeran algunas compañias que fabrican equipos de membranas de vidrio