RESUMO
Commercial aerosolized insecticides can be implemented as a community-based approach to targeted indoor residual spraying against Aedes aegypti, but their efficacy on pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes has not yet been evaluated. Two commercial aerosolized products (H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz®, carbamate, and Baygon Ultra Verde®, pyrethroid) were sprayed on common indoor surfaces e.g., cement, plywood, and cloth, and tested for their residual efficacy on susceptible and field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti strains using the WHO cone bioassays. Overall, ≥80% 24-h mortality was observed for both products for at least 4 wk regardless of the mosquito strain or surface type used. H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz showed the highest residual potency, sustaining >80% mortality for 7-wk posttreatment regardless of mosquito strain and surface type. For Baygon Ultra Verde, the mean mortality of female Ae. aegypti remained >80% for a shorter period (4-6 wk). Nonpyrethroid commercial aerosolized formulations can provide a lasting residual effect indoors compatible with the need for rapid and lasting mosquito control during outbreaks and may be suitable for community-based targeted indoor residual spraying.
Assuntos
Aedes , Carbamatos , Inseticidas , Controle de Mosquitos , Piretrinas , Animais , Feminino , México , Resíduos de PraguicidasRESUMO
Mosquito collections were carried out on microfilaraemic dogs, positive for Dirofilaria sp., for 18 consecutive nights in the coastal town of Celestún, Yucatan, southeast Mexico, during the rainy season (August) of 2007. A total of 292 female mosquitoes representing 12 species of dipteran Culicidae were collected: Anopheles albimanus (Wiedemann); Anopheles crucians (Wiedemann); Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald); Culex coronator (Dyar & Knab); Culex interrogator (Dyar & Knab); Culex nigripalpus (Theobald); Culex quinquefasciatus (Say); Culex salinarius (Coquillett); Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus); Aedes scapularis (Rondani); Aedes sollicitans (Walker), and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann). Aedes taeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the species found most commonly feeding on the dogs. Filarial nematodes were observed by microscopy in nine of the mosquito species collected; however, third-instar larvae were only observed in Ae. taeniorhynchus and An. crucians. Of 76 Ae. taeniorhynchus specimens found positive for Dirofilaria sp. by dissection, 14 were confirmed to be positive for Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting infection rate for D. immitis confirmed by PCR (6.2%) is higher than any infection rate for Ae. taeniorhynchus previously reported from the Americas.
Assuntos
Aedes/parasitologia , Dirofilaria immitis/fisiologia , Dirofilariose/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Animais , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Feminino , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Behçet disease is a systemic disease with diverse clinical symptoms which vary according to the organs and systems involved. Typically, patients have oral and genital ulcers and episodic ocular involvement with periods of clinical improvement. We report an 18-year-old mole presenting with chest pain and hemoptysis and a history of ulcers in the oral cavity and scrotum. A chest CAT scan showed a mass located adjacent to the heart that a pulmonary arteriography defined as a left pulmonary artery aneurism. The patient was operated, excising left inferior pulmonary lobe. Due to skin and ocular involvement, the patient complied with criteria for Behçet disease. Immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone and azathioprine was started and the patient was discharged from the hospital.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/patologia , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Adolescente , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Behçet disease is a systemic disease with diverse clinical symptoms which vary according to the organs and systems involved. Typically, patients have oral and genital ulcers and episodic ocular involvement with periods of clinical improvement. We report an 18-year-old mole presenting with chest pain and hemoptysis and a history of ulcers in the oral cavity and scrotum. A chest CAT scan showed a mass located adjacent to the heart that a pulmonary arteriography defined as a left pulmonary artery aneurism. The patient was operated, excising left inferior pulmonary lobe. Due to skin and ocular involvement, the patient complied with criteria for Behçet disease. Immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone and azathioprine was started and the patient was discharged from the hospital.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Aneurisma/patologia , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Artéria Pulmonar/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a pilot screening program to define the prevalence of non-syndromic deafness and establish the frequency of mutations in the GJB2 gene (Cx26) in a population of children with congenital deafness in Bogotá, Colombia. METHOD: From a cohort of 731 children in 8 institutions for the deaf, we identified 322 (44%) with presumed non-syndromic deafness. These were invited to a more detailed evaluation, but 46 chose not to participate. The remaining 276 individuals received a complete ophthalmological evaluation that was normal in 205 (74.3%) and showed salt and pepper retinopathy in 55 (19.9%) and other ocular abnormalities in 16 (5.8%). A comprehensive medical history, and a detailed physical examination were performed in the 205 children with normal ocular exam. Of these, 93 were found to have acquired deafness and/or associated anomalies and 112 (15.3% of the initial 731 children), non-syndromic deafness. The GJB2 gene was sequenced in these 112 individuals. RESULTS: Based on family history, 59.8% (67/112) of these cases had autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and the remaining 40.2% (45/112) were sporadic, without apparent known cause. We identified three mutations in the GJB2 gene: 35delG, S199F, and 167delT, all of which have been previously reported in the literature, the variant M34T, and the polymorphism V27I. S199F was the most frequent mutation (17.9%), followed by 35delG (17.0%) and 167delT (0.4%). The mutations in the GJB2 gene were present in 50.7% of the autosomal recessive group and in 33.3% of the sporadic cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study showed that 15.3% of institutionalized deaf children in Bogotá have non-syndromic deafness and among them, the frequency of the S199F mutation was higher than reported in previous studies, whereas the frequency of the 35delG is similar to Caucasian populations. The fact that the S199F mutation was the most frequent allele in our study confirms the fact that the prevalence of GJB2 mutations depends on the ethnic origin. We emphasize the need to follow a strict protocol to identify bona fide cases of non-syndromic deafness among individuals with congenital hearing loss in order to identify the molecular basis of this condition.
Assuntos
Conexinas/genética , Surdez/epidemiologia , Surdez/genética , Testes Genéticos , Mutação/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Conexina 26 , Surdez/congênito , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
Mosquito collections were done on microfilaremic dogs, positive for Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy), for 15 consecutive nights in Celestun, Yucatan, southeastern Mexico, during January 2007. In total, 275 mosquitoes (3 male and 272 female) of five species were collected: Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Ochlerotatus sollicitans (Walker), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex interrogator (Dyar & Knab), and Aedes aegypti (L.). Oc. taeniorhynchus was the species most frequently collected, and it had the highest rate of feeding success and the highest attack rates. First (L1) and third (L3) instars of Dirofilaria were observed in all mosquito species collected except for Ae. aegypti: 23 of 223 Oc. taeniorhynchus, three of 40 Cx. quinquefasciatus, and one of six Oc. sollicitans and one of one Cx. interrogator were infected with Dirofilaria (10.3% of total examined mosquitoes). This is the first report of Dirofilaria (presumably D. immitis) isolation from wild-caught mosquitoes in Mexico. Results imply that D. immitis can develop from microfilaria to infective L3s in Oc. taeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Oc. sollicitans, but L3s (infectious) were only recovered in heads of Oc. taeniorhynchus. Thus, Oc. taeniorhynchus can be considered a potential vector of dirofilariasis in Celestun, because infective L3 Dirofilaria were found in the vicinity of the mouthparts, and this mosquito has a strong association with microfilaremic dogs in this study area.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria immitis/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Ochlerotatus/parasitologia , Animais , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Dirofilariose/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Feminino , Larva , MéxicoRESUMO
Grief is not a mental disorder, it is a painful and unexpected process in response to the death of a family member or a loved one (bereavement), or a significant loss. Despite the fact that grief is not a mental disorder, consultations about grief are fairly frequent in clinical practice, which is why clinicians must be trained for these situations. Every consultation about grief must be taken into account and evaluated carefully in order to define the kind of therapy to be followed and whether or not a consultant psychiatrist should intervene. It is important to bear in mind that not every process of grief follows a normal development and reaches a satisfactory solution, and this is where health care professionals must be qualified to recognise when grief is becoming a pathological disease; they must be more alert to these cases and intervene in an opportune and appropriate way. It is also important to stress that grief is not a synonym for depression, but many grief-stricken people may enter a depressive state, and they therefore require early treatment in order to avoid complications that might arise from the unsuitable treatment of a depressive episode, such as suicide for example. Finally, the relationship between grief and psychopathological disorder has been demonstrated. It is also known that grief that is insufficiently elaborated, or which follows an abnormal development, may give rise to a psychopathological disorder, generally a major depressive episode, just as an established mental disorder may hinder the elaboration of a process of working through grief.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of inflammatory cell invasion and aspects of tissue reaction on refractive regression and corneal haze after myopic PRK in rabbits. METHODS: Measurements were made for 12 weeks postoperatively of haze intensity, corneal topography, tear cytology, inflammatory cell invasion, subepithelial fibroblast density, and the thickness of the newly laid down connective tissue and of the regrown epithelium. RESULTS: Inflammatory cell invasion could be prevented by fitting a soft contact lens, but this had no effect on the haze or the regression. Haze intensity correlated with subepithelial fibroblast proliferation but not with new connective tissue formation or epithelial hyperplasia. Neither connective tissue nor epithelium regrew in the form of a lens and thus they could not account for regression. Intensive treatment with corticosteroids resulted in a marked reduction in postoperative haze and a slight lessening of long-term regression. Correspondingly, it reduced fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Haze appears, at least in part, to be a result of fibroblast proliferation. Regression is possibly caused by slow distortion of existing tissue rather than the growth of new.