RESUMO
ß-Galactosidase is an important biotechnological enzyme used in the dairy industry, pharmacology and in molecular biology. In our laboratory we have overexpressed a recombinant ß-galactosidase in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This enzyme differs from its native version (ß-GalWT) in that 6 histidine residues have been added to the carboxyl terminus in the primary sequence (ß-GalHis), which allows its purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). In this work we compared the functionality and structure of both proteins and evaluated their catalytic behavior on the kinetics of lactose hydrolysis. We observed a significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of ß-GalHis with respect to ß-GalWT. Although, both enzymes showed a similar catalytic profile as a function of temperature, ß-GalHis presented a higher resistance to the thermal inactivation compared to ß-GalWT. At room temperature, ß-GalHis showed a fluorescence spectrum compatible with a partially unstructured protein, however, it exhibited a lower tendency to the thermal-induced unfolding with respect to ß-GalWT. The distinctively supramolecular arranges of the proteins would explain the effect of the presence of His-tag on the enzymatic activity and thermal stability.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Lactose , Estabilidade Enzimática , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Cinética , Lactose/metabolismo , beta-Galactosidase/química , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of partial-AZFc deletions in Chilean men with primary spermatogenic failure and their testicular histopathological phenotypes, analyzing the contribution of DAZ dosage, CDY1 copies, and Y-chromosome haplogroups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 479 Chilean men: 334 infertile patients with histological examination (233 cases with spermatogenic defects and 101 normal spermatogenesis, obstructive controls, OC), and 145 normozoospermic controls (NC). AZFc subdeletions were detected by single-tagged sequences and single nucleotide variants analysis. DAZ-copy number was quantified by real-time qPCR. Y-chromosome haplogroups (Y-hg) were hierarchically genotyped through 16 biallelic-markers. RESULTS: The prevalence of AZFc-partial deletions was increased in cases (6%) compared with NC (1.4%) (P = 0.035). There was no difference between 143 Sertoli-cell only syndrome, 35 maturation arrest, or 35 mix atrophy patients and controls. However, gr/gr deletions were more frequent in 16 subjects with hypospermatogenesis compared with NC (P = 0.003) and OC (P = 0.013). Y-hg R was the most prevalent (~ 50%), but decreased among gr/gr deletions (21%, P = 0.03). The prevalence of Y-hg M increased in cases versus controls, both in total and non-deleted men (3.9 and 3.7% versus 0.4%, P = 0.009 and P = 0.016, respectively). Among gr/gr deletions, Y-hg H increased compared with non-deleted men (14.3% versus 0.4%, P = 0.0047). CONCLUSION: Partial-AZFc deletions in a Chilean admixed population are associated with secretory azo/oligozoospermia and might have a role in the development of hypospermatogenesis. Low represented haplogroups, Y-hg M and Y-hg H, show an association with the occurrence of spermatogenic failure and gr/gr deletions respectively; however, additional studies are required.
Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Proteína 1 Suprimida em Azoospermia/genética , Dosagem de Genes , Haplótipos , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Oligospermia/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Loci Gênicos , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Masculino , Oligospermia/genética , Espermatogênese , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/patologiaRESUMO
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of enamel development disorders that alter the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. There is great variability in the clinical presentation; according to Witkop, AI can be categorized into 14 subtypes, which makes its diagnosis extremely complex. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe and determine the frequency of clinical and radiographic features and inheritance patterns found in 41 Chilean families diagnosed with diverse types of AI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical records, photographs, pedigrees and radiographs of 121 individuals recruited between 2003 and 2016. All of the information was included in a database that was analyzed using the application Stata 14. RESULTS: The 72 affected individuals had average age of 16 years, and no sex association with the presence of AI was found. The most frequent clinical subtypes were as follows: 43% hypomature, 25% hypoplastic, 21% hypomature/hypoplastic, 7% hypocalcified and 4% hypocalcified/hypoplastic. The number of severely affected teeth was 22, which occurred in the patients with hypocalcified and hypocalcified/hypoplasic AI who presented the highest number of damaged teeth. Caries and periodontal disease were found in 47 and 32% of the patients, respectively. Malocclusions were observed in 43% of the individuals with AI, with open bite being the most frequent. Radiographically, the thickness of the enamel decreased in 51% of the patients, and 80% showed decreased radiopacity of the enamel compared to that of dentin. Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was found in 37% of the families with hypoplastic AI, and autosomal recessive pattern was present in 56% of the other clinical subtypes, but more frequently in those affected with hypomature and hypocalcified AI. CONCLUSION: Of the five clinical subtypes, autosomal recessive hypomature, autosomal dominant hypoplastic and autosomal recessive hypomature/hypoplastic AI were the most prevalent subtypes in this group.
Assuntos
Amelogênese Imperfeita/diagnóstico por imagem , Amelogênese Imperfeita/genética , Genealogia e Heráldica , Padrões de Herança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amelogênese Imperfeita/epidemiologia , Amelogênese Imperfeita/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Distribuição por Sexo , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) were historically considered one of the major obstacles in protein production through recombinant DNA techniques and conceived as amorphous deposits formed by passive and rather unspecific structures of unfolded proteins aggregates. Subsequent studies demonstrated that IBs contained an important quantity of active protein. In this work, we proved that recombinant ß-galactosidase inclusion bodies (IBß-Gal) are functional aggregates. Moreover, they exhibit particular features distinct to the soluble version of the enzyme. The particulate enzyme was highly active against lactose in physiological and in acid pH and also retained its activity upon a pre-incubation at high temperature. IBß-Gal washing or dilution induced the spontaneous release of active enzymes from the supramolecular aggregates. Along this process, we observed a continuous change in the values of several kinetic parameters, including specific activity and Michaelis-Menten constant, measured in the IBß-Gal suspensions. Simultaneously, IBß-Gal turned into a more heterogeneous population where smaller particles appeared. The released protein exhibited secondary structure features more similar to those of the soluble species than to the aggregated enzyme. Concluding, IBß-Gal represents a reservoir and packed source of highly active and stable enzyme.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Escherichia coli/química , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Corpos de Inclusão/enzimologia , Lactose/química , beta-Galactosidase/química , Clonagem Molecular , Estabilidade Enzimática , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Corpos de Inclusão/química , Cinética , Lactose/metabolismo , Agregados Proteicos , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Solubilidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , beta-Galactosidase/genética , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismoRESUMO
Abstract Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of enamel development disorders that alter the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. There is great variability in the clinical presentation; according to Witkop, AI can be categorized into 14 subtypes, which makes its diagnosis extremely complex. Objective: This study aimed to describe and determine the frequency of clinical and radiographic features and inheritance patterns found in 41 Chilean families diagnosed with diverse types of AI. Material and Methods: We analyzed the clinical records, photographs, pedigrees and radiographs of 121 individuals recruited between 2003 and 2016. All of the information was included in a database that was analyzed using the application Stata 14. Results: The 72 affected individuals had average age of 16 years, and no sex association with the presence of AI was found. The most frequent clinical subtypes were as follows: 43% hypomature, 25% hypoplastic, 21% hypomature/hypoplastic, 7% hypocalcified and 4% hypocalcified/hypoplastic. The number of severely affected teeth was 22, which occurred in the patients with hypocalcified and hypocalcified/hypoplasic AI who presented the highest number of damaged teeth. Caries and periodontal disease were found in 47 and 32% of the patients, respectively. Malocclusions were observed in 43% of the individuals with AI, with open bite being the most frequent. Radiographically, the thickness of the enamel decreased in 51% of the patients, and 80% showed decreased radiopacity of the enamel compared to that of dentin. Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was found in 37% of the families with hypoplastic AI, and autosomal recessive pattern was present in 56% of the other clinical subtypes, but more frequently in those affected with hypomature and hypocalcified AI. Conclusion: Of the five clinical subtypes, autosomal recessive hypomature, autosomal dominant hypoplastic and autosomal recessive hypomature/hypoplastic AI were the most prevalent subtypes in this group.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Padrões de Herança , Amelogênese Imperfeita/genética , Amelogênese Imperfeita/diagnóstico por imagem , Genealogia e Heráldica , Fenótipo , Chile/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Amelogênese Imperfeita/patologia , Amelogênese Imperfeita/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introducción: El delirio es una complicación angustiante del uso del Sevoflurano en anestesia general. Este estudio determinó la incidencia del delirio y los factores de riesgo en pacientes en el Hospital Herrera Llerandi. Métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal y observacional que incluyó pacientes pediátricos con edades entre 1 y 12 años, que recibieron anestesia general con Sevoflurano para procedimientos electivos y de urgencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 159 niños, con una incidencia de 31 (18%) casos de delirio. No existe dependencia entre la edad y género de los niños y su nivel de agitación según la escala postoperatoria. Discusión: Los niños más jóvenes que tienen ansiedad moderada-severa en el período preoperatorio poseen un riesgo mayor de desarrollar delirio pos anestesia general con Sevoflurano. Palabras clave: delirio, Sevofluorano, Hospital Herrera Llerandi, ansiedad
Background: Delirium is a distressing complication with the use of Sevoflurane for general anesthesia. This study determined the incidence of delirium and risk factors in patients at Herrera Llerandi Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study including pediatric patients aged 1-12 years, undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for elective day-case and urgency procedures. Results: 159 children were included, with an incidence of 31 (18%) cases of delirium. There is no dependence between children's age and gender and their level of agitation according to the postoperative scale. Discussion: Children of younger age with greater preoperative anxiety are at increased risk of developing emergence delirium following general anesthesia with Sevoflurane. Key Words: delirium, Sevoflurane, Hospital Herrera Llerandi, anxiety
RESUMO
Introducción: se ha demostrado que el uso de Ácido Tranexámico (AT) en diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos puede disminuir la necesidad de transfusiones sanguíneas. Objetivo: Determinar si disminuye la necesidad de transfusiones sanguíneas con el uso de AT en artroplastias de cadera y rodilla. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo desarrollado con información de 230 pacientes operados en los hospitales Herrera Llerandi y Multimédica en los períodos de 2015, 2016 y 2017. Resultados: Utilizando la distribución binomial para dos poblaciones se obtuvo que existe una disminución de la necesidad de transfusiones sanguíneas del 97.7% al utilizar AT. Los pacientes que no reciben AT tienen una probabilidad de 83.4% de necesitar una transfusión sanguínea. Conclusión: Se logró determinar que con la utilización de Ácido Tranexámico disminuye la necesidad de transfusiones sanguíneas en artroplastias de cadera y rodilla en un 97.7% con el 95% de confianza
Introduction: It has been demonstrated that blood transfusions need is reduced when tranexamic acid (TA) is used during different surgical procedures. Objective: To determine if blood transfusions need is reduced by using TA during total knee and hip arthroplasty. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study about 230 patients operated in Herrera Llerandi and Multimédica hospitals from 2015 through 2017. Binomial distribution was used for two populations to find out that the probability of reducing the need of blood transfusions Results: The use of blood transfusions was reduced in 97.7% when using TA. The probability of needing a blood transfusion is 83.4% when TA is not used. Conclusion: The need of blood transfusions during total knee and hip arthroplasty is reduced when using tranexamic acid in 97.7% with 95% confidence level.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the female population; consequently, there are multiple prevention campaigns. Within these campaigns, a special emphasis is given on promoting monthly breast self-examination; however, many women have never received formal education on proper method of self-examination. OBJECTIVE: To establish if the educational intervention we propose improves the breast self-examination technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive longitudinal study that included 52 women aged 20-40 years, attending a Family Medicine Unit of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, who were evaluated about self-examination technique before and after educational intervention, measured on a scale of 0 to 16. Statistical analysis was made with descriptive statistics and Student's t test. RESULTS: The mean age was 30.76 ± 5.87 years. The mean baseline score was 3.13 ± 2.55. The final average score after a month of the educational intervention was 10.69 ± 2.74, which represents an increase in average score of 7.55 ± 3.53. There was a significant increase in assessment scores after the educational intervention (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: "Supervised breast self-examination" technique showed an increase in the ability of self-examination in patients. It can be considered an effective complementary method of teaching breast self-examination.
Assuntos
Autoexame de Mama , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Autoexame de Mama/normas , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. Although E. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. A survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from South American sea lions (SASL) Otaria flavescens, reported E. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. In this study, we used HEp-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasive ability of 17 E. tarda strains isolated from SASL fecal material. All the strains were able to adhere and invade HEp-2 cells with adhesion and invasion percentages ranging from 56 to 100% and 21 to 74%, respectively. Despite the expression of these pathogenic factors, further investigation is needed to determine whether this bacterium could play a role as primary pathogen for this and other species of pinnipeds.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Edwardsiella tarda/fisiologia , Endocitose , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Hepatócitos/microbiologia , Leões-Marinhos/microbiologia , Animais , Edwardsiella tarda/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , América do SulRESUMO
Edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. Although E. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. A survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from South American sea lions (SASL) Otaria flavescens, reported E. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. In this study, we used HEp-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasive ability of 17 E. tarda strains isolated from SASL fecal material. All the strains were able to adhere and invade HEp-2 cells with adhesion and invasion percentages ranging from 56 to 100% and 21 to 74%, respectively. Despite the expression of these pathogenic factors, further investigation is needed to determine whether this bacterium could play a role as primary pathogen for this and other species of pinnipeds.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Aderência Bacteriana , Endocitose , Edwardsiella tarda/fisiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Hepatócitos/microbiologia , Leões-Marinhos/microbiologia , Edwardsiella tarda/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , América do SulRESUMO
Edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. Although E. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. A survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from South American sea lions (SASL) Otaria flavescens, reported E. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. In this study, we used HEp-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasive ability of 17 E. tarda strains isolated from SASL fecal material. All the strains were able to adhere and invade HEp-2 cells with adhesion and invasion percentages ranging from 56 to 100% and 21 to 74%, respectively. Despite the expression of these pathogenic factors, further investigation is needed to determine whether this bacterium could play a role as primary pathogen for this and other species of pinnipeds.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana , Endocitose , Edwardsiella tarda/fisiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Hepatócitos/microbiologia , Leões-Marinhos/microbiologia , Edwardsiella tarda/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , América do SulRESUMO
We investigated the possibility of enhancing the adherence capacity of four low-adherent Arcobacter butzleri strains after serial intraperitoneal passage (i.p.) in mice. All the strains enhanced their adherence capacity after the first passage, increasing their adhesion rates after each passage. These results suggest that i.p. passage enhances the expression of adherence in A. butzleri strains.
Assuntos
Arcobacter/fisiologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Animais , Camundongos , Peritônio , Inoculações SeriadasRESUMO
We investigated the possibility of enhancing the adherence capacity of four low-adherent Arcobacter butzleri strains after serial intraperitoneal passage (i.p.) in mice. All the strains enhanced their adherence capacity after the first passage, increasing their adhesion rates after each passage. These results suggest that i.p. passage enhances the expression of adherence in A. butzleri strains.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Arcobacter/fisiologia , Animais , Camundongos , Inoculações Seriadas , PeritônioRESUMO
We investigated the possibility of enhancing the adherence capacity of four low-adherent Arcobacter butzleri strains after serial intraperitoneal passage (i.p.) in mice. All the strains enhanced their adherence capacity after the first passage, increasing their adhesion rates after each passage. These results suggest that i.p. passage enhances the expression of adherence in A. butzleri strains.
Assuntos
Arcobacter/fisiologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Animais , Camundongos , Peritônio , Inoculações SeriadasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a guideline available to the medical staff of the first and second level of care, which includes recommendations based on the best available evidence about diagnosis and management of hydrocele in the pediatric patient. METHODS: Clinical questions were formulated and structured. Standardized sequence was established to search for practice guidelines from the clinical questions raised on diagnosis and treatment of hydrocele in children. The working group searched clinical practice guidelines and found only one. For recommendations not included in the reference guide the search process was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane Library. The results were expressed as levels of evidence and grade of recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The most of the infant hydroceles are communicating and do resolve without treatment, however recognize those to need surgery is necessary to treat opportunely.
Assuntos
Hidrocele Testicular/diagnóstico , Hidrocele Testicular/cirurgia , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacter-like microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26ºC for 48h. After that, 100 μL of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26°C for 72h. All the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting HEp-2 cells with the strains under study following Skaletsky et al. protocol, with slight modifications. An adherent Escherichia coli isolate was included as a positive control, whereas uninoculated cell lines were used as negative controls. Adhesion results were expressed as the percentage of HEp-2 cells showing adhering bacteria and the number of bacteria (± SD) adhered to cells was determined. Strains were considered as adherent, if at least 20% of HEp-2 cells showed one ore more adhered bacteria.(...)(AU)
Assuntos
Arcobacter , Aderência Bacteriana , Células Epiteliais , Escherichia coli , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
Background: : : : The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacterlike microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26 ºc for 48 h. after that, 100 ?l of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26 c for 72 h. all the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting hep-2 cells with the strains under study following scaletskys et
RESUMO
Background: : : : The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacterlike microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26 ºc for 48 h. after that, 100 ?l of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26 c for 72 h. all the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting hep-2 cells with the strains under study following scaletskys et
RESUMO
Background: The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacter-like microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26ºC for 48h. After that, 100 μL of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26°C for 72h. All the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting HEp-2 cells with the strains under study following Skaletsky et al. protocol, with slight modifications. An adherent Escherichia coli isolate was included as a positive control, whereas uninoculated cell lines were used as negative controls. Adhesion results were expressed as the percentage of HEp-2 cells showing adhering bacteria and the number of bacteria (± SD) adhered to cells was determined. Strains were considered as adherent, if at least 20% of HEp-2 cells showed one ore more adhered bacteria.(...)
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Arcobacter , Células Epiteliais , Escherichia coli , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la dimensión equidad-inequidad geográfica de la situación de salud de Chile, 1992. Material y Método: Se utilizaron datos oficiales de población y defuciones del país y de recursos y atenciones del Sistema Nacional (público) de salud, desagregados por áreas (de Servicios de Salud) y por comunas. Se cuantificaron los grados de desigualdad mediante cuatro indicadores, incluido el coeficiente de Gini. Entre los resultados destacan que la desigualdad entre áreas de las tasas de mortalidad es más acentuada a la edad de 15 a 44 años y es mayor para los indicadores de atención que para los de salud. Las intensidades máximas se dieron para las consultas de especialidades y para la dotación de enfermeras. Se discute que el analísis de la iquenidad en salud ya ha conducido en Chile a ensayar algunas intervenciones para reducción. conviene continuar el monitoreo en forma consistente y con indicadores simples, tanto a nivel nacional como regional o de "Servicios de Salud". También puede considerarse como objeto de investigación epidemiológica