RESUMO
Tioconazole-loaded nanocapsule suspensions and its coating with a cationic polymer were developed for nail drug delivery. The colloidal systems presented a nanometric size around 155nm for uncoated nanoparticles and 162nm for those with the cationic coating, with negative and positive zeta potential values, respectively. Both nanosuspensions showed drug content close to theoretical values (1mgmL-1), association efficiency close to 100% (HPLC) and were able to control tioconazol release. The developed formulations showed in vitro antifungal activity (agar diffusion method) against C. albicans. The cationic nanocapsules were considered bioadhesive, showed higher viscosity and were chosen to be incorporated into an ungueal formulation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed adequate viscosity for nail application and drug content close to the theoretical values. It was equivalent to the commercial formulation Trosid® in preventing nail infection by T. rubrum in an in vitro onychomycosis model. The nanocapsule suspensions and Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed lower irritant potential than the commercial formulation and than free drug in an in vitro evaluation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation is promising for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Irritantes/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Adesividade , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/toxicidade , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Membrana Corioalantoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Feminino , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Glucanos/toxicidade , Humanos , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Irritantes/química , Irritantes/uso terapêutico , Irritantes/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Onicomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Onychomycosis are fungal infections affecting finger and toenails mainly caused by dermatophyte fungi and some Candida species. Low cure rates and frequent recurrence, development of a fungal resistance front to various antimicrobial agents topical and systemic, and an ineffective topical treatment make onychomycosis difficult to treat. Essential oils are excellent candidates for the topical treatment for onychomycosis because the development of resistance by fungi is rare, and the presence of side effects is low. They are composed of a complex variety of compounds, mainly terpenes, with low molecular weight, which may easily penetrate into the nail plate, finding the fungi elements. The complex mixture confers a broad antifungal spectrum of action, through interaction with biological membranes, interference in radical and enzymatic reaction of fungi cells. Essential oils may become the source of new therapeutic molecules, and the use of an essential oil incorporated into a topical formulation is an interesting, safe, and effective alternative for the treatment for onychomycosis. However, studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils in the treatment for onychomycosis in vivo. This mini-review aims to present the potential use of essential oils for the treatment for onychomycosis, focusing on the last decade.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Onicomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Os ácaros são considerados a maior fonte de alérgenos inalantes envolvidos em doenças alérgicas respiratórias. Com o objetivo de correlacionar os ácaros mais prevalentes na poeira domiciliar aos agentes etiológicos mais comuns da população atópica, realizamos um estudo randomizado, prospectivo e pioneiro no município de Bragança Paulista, entre abril de 1998 e setembro de 1999. Nas amostras de poeira encontramos as espécies D. pteronyssinus (55,36 por cento), família Tarsonemidae (16,96 por cento) e B. tropicalis (12,80 por cento). Dos 90 voluntários testados com o prick teste encontramos 71 por cento de positividade aos alérgenos poeira doméstica (60 por cento), D. pteronyssinus (56,70 por cento) e B. tropicalis (51,10 por cento). A família Tarsonemidae assume um lugar de destaque entre as espécies encontradas, fato incomum na bibliografia pesquisada