RESUMO
Physic nut Jatropha curcas cake/meal obtained after oil extraction has a high protein content, however, the presence of antinutrients (trypsin inhibitor, lectin and phytate) and toxic compounds (phorbol esters) limit their use as an alternative feedstuff. Thus, the detoxification process in cake/meal is necessary to allow their inclusion in fish diets. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of solvent and extrusion-treated jatropha cake (SETJC) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets on growth, body composition, nutrient utilization, metabolic and hematological responses, and digestibility of experimental diets. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (28.50% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (13.39 MJ/kg digestible energy) with graded levels of SETJC (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12%). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates. The detoxification treatments reduced the phorbol esters (PE) of jatropha cake by 96% (0.58 mg/g of PE before and 0.023 mg/g of PE after treatments). Increased levels of SETJC depressed growth, feed efficiency, and protein digestibility. A similar trend was observed for hematological and biochemistry parameters. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, as well as phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in the fillets, increased at the highest levels of SETJC. Thus, the data of the present study suggests that the residual content, different structural forms of phorbol ester and its biological activity, as well as some antinutritional factors, can influence negatively the growth, metabolism and digestibility of experimental diets for Nile tilapia.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Jatropha , Animais , Jatropha/química , Jatropha/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Solventes/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Ésteres de Forbol/farmacologia , Ésteres de Forbol/análise , Ésteres de Forbol/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
The current study evaluated the growth performance and the haematological profileof barred sorubim fed with levels of hybrid sorubim viscera protein concentrate (0.0; 5.0; 10.0 e 15.0%) in isoprotein and isoenergetic diets. Eighty fishwith an average initial weight of 39.8 ± 0.28 g and an average initial length of 19.92 ± 0.25 cm were distributed in 16 aquaria of 60 L,with recirculation system and temperature control, during 35 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and four replications. For the growth performance assay were analyzed the follows variables: weight gain (WG), feed consumption (FC), apparentfeed conversion ratio (AFCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Furthermore, the hemogram wereassessed on the treated fish with levels of protein concentrate. It was observed no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the parameters evaluated. It was concluded thatthe protein concentrate from hybrid sorubim viscera can be included up to 15% in diets for barred sorubim juveniles withoutnegative responseon the performance and health.(AU)
O presente trabalho avaliou o desempenho produtivo e a influência nos parâmetros hematológicos de cacharas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de concentrado proteico de vísceras de surubim híbrido na dieta (0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 15,0%) em rações isoproteicas e isoenergéticas. Foram utilizados 80 peixes com peso médio inicial de 39,8 ± 0,28 g e comprimento médio inicial de 19,92 ± 0,25 cm, os quais foram distribuídos em 16 aquários de 60 L,em sistema de recirculação com biofiltro e controle de temperatura, durante 35 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Para avaliação do desempenho zootécnico foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA) e taxa de eficiência proteica (TEP). Além disso, procedeu-se o hemograma completo dos peixes alimentados com as diferentes concentrações de concentrado proteico. Observou-se que nenhuma das variáveis analisadas diferiu estatisticamente(P>0,05). Pode-se concluir que o concentrado proteico de vísceras de surubimhíbridopode ser incluído em até 15% em rações para juvenis de cacharas, sem que haja interferência negativa no desempenho e saúde dos animais.(AU)