RESUMO
Background: Eye neoplasms are infrequent in felines and usually affect the eyelids. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm that occurs owing to recurrent lesions caused by solar radiation and affects the margins of the ears, eyelids, nose and lips of animals with light-colored coat. The clinical signs consist of ulcerated, crusty lesions that may form masses. The diagnosis is established by means of histopathological analysis, and the prognosis depends on the area affected and tumor infiltration. This work aimed to describe a case of SCC in the eyelid with invasion of the eye and its adnexa in a cat, highlighting clinical aspects and the importance of the anatomopathological examination. Case: A female mixed breed senile cat that had been rescued from the streets was brought in for examination. Dehydration and a low body condition score were observed at the general clinical examination. A physical inspection revealed the presence of an ulcerated periocular lesion on the eyelid; the right eye exhibited increased size and loss of definition of its internal structures. The presence of malodorous cerumen in the right ear canal, a tilted head, and walking in circles to the right were also noted. A dysplastic epithelium along with neutrophilic inflammation was observed at the cytopathological analysis. The treatment instituted consisted of administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, and cleaning of the ear. On the follow-up appointment, 2 days later, the patient's condition had worsened and in spite of the supportive therapy administered, the animal died. An anatomopathological study of the body identified, in addition to the alterations in the eyelid and the eye mentioned above, a traumatic lesion with perforation of the mandibular bone, and presence of a brownish content with caseous consistency in the right ear canal. After visualization of the microscopic alterations, the diagnosis established was squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid with metastases in the optical nerve and choroid blood vessels. Discussion: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common epithelial neoplasms in felines, and can occur in any region of the face; however, the eyelids and the eyes are less frequently affected, which confirms that the case reported here is uncommon. SCC has a higher incidence in female cats older than 10 years of age with light-colored coat and highly exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The case reported here exhibited these characteristics, as the patient had been rescued from the streets where exposition to sunlight is intense. The clinical presentation was consistent with that described in other works, with ulcerated crusty lesions on the eyelid and the nose. Vestibular syndrome, as inferred from the tilted head and circular gait (walking in circles to the right), could be explained by internal otitis, which was observed at necropsy. The cytological analysis of the eye lesion demonstrated the presence of a neutrophilic inflammatory process along with a dysplastic or immature squamous epithelium, which prompted for therapy using antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The definitive diagnosis was established with basis on the histopathological analysis, which revealed a pattern of neoplastic cells arranged in clusters or strands connected to the epidermal surface, and the presence of "keratin pearls" consistent with SCC affecting not only the eyelid and the eye, but also invading the optical nerve and the choroid blood vessels. The prognosis was unfavorable owing to the advanced stage of the tumor and concomitant diseases. Even though the development of SCC in the eyelid is relatively common, the occurrence of metastasis in the eye adnexa is rare in felines. An anatomopathological study was required to establish the diagnosis of SCC as the patient's clinical history data were scarce.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Neoplasias Palpebrais/veterinária , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
Background: In dogs, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepithelial autoimmune disease, a rare dermatopathy in the clinicalroutine. BP is characterized by formation of vesicles and subepidermal blisters that result from dissolution of the dermalepithelial junction. Clinical signs of BP usually include severe dermatological alterations with a variable prognosis. Theaim of this work is to report a case of BP in a dog to contribute information for diagnosis, and to present clinical andpathological aspects that emerge during development of BP.Case: An adult male mongrel dog exhibited hyperemic, exudative, crusty lesions on the lip commissure and periocularareas. Results from laboratory tests were normal. Results from parasitological and mycological tests on skin scrapingswere negative. Imprint cytology of the crusts revealed presence of gram-positive cocci bacteria. In the histopathologicalanalysis of punch biopsy material, the epidermis was detached from the dermis, leading to formation of vesicles. Therewere inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and high amounts of fibrin, and areas of multifocalorthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Multifocal infiltrates containing lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells were observedon the superficial portions of the dermis, which indicated a diagnosis of BP. After the definitive clinical diagnosis, theanimal was treated with enrofloxacin (Baytril Flavour®; 5 mg/kg once a day for 10 days), and prednisolone (Prediderm®;2 mg/kg once a day until further instructions). On the follow-up visit, 15 days later, the clinical picture had improved, andthe lesions had decreased. Continuity of the treatment was prescribed, along with a gradual decrease in the corticoid dose.The dose of prednisolone was initially reduced to 1 mg/kg once a day, and later to 0.5 mg/kg until improvement of theclinical status of the patient. Remission of the lesions was observed 13 weeks later...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Penfigoide Bolhoso/veterinária , Cães/imunologia , Autoanticorpos , Biópsia/veterinária , Enrofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Prednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Background: In dogs, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepithelial autoimmune disease, a rare dermatopathy in the clinicalroutine. BP is characterized by formation of vesicles and subepidermal blisters that result from dissolution of the dermalepithelial junction. Clinical signs of BP usually include severe dermatological alterations with a variable prognosis. Theaim of this work is to report a case of BP in a dog to contribute information for diagnosis, and to present clinical andpathological aspects that emerge during development of BP.Case: An adult male mongrel dog exhibited hyperemic, exudative, crusty lesions on the lip commissure and periocularareas. Results from laboratory tests were normal. Results from parasitological and mycological tests on skin scrapingswere negative. Imprint cytology of the crusts revealed presence of gram-positive cocci bacteria. In the histopathologicalanalysis of punch biopsy material, the epidermis was detached from the dermis, leading to formation of vesicles. Therewere inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and high amounts of fibrin, and areas of multifocalorthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Multifocal infiltrates containing lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells were observedon the superficial portions of the dermis, which indicated a diagnosis of BP. After the definitive clinical diagnosis, theanimal was treated with enrofloxacin (Baytril Flavour®; 5 mg/kg once a day for 10 days), and prednisolone (Prediderm®;2 mg/kg once a day until further instructions). On the follow-up visit, 15 days later, the clinical picture had improved, andthe lesions had decreased. Continuity of the treatment was prescribed, along with a gradual decrease in the corticoid dose.The dose of prednisolone was initially reduced to 1 mg/kg once a day, and later to 0.5 mg/kg until improvement of theclinical status of the patient. Remission of the lesions was observed 13 weeks later...