RESUMO
La desnutrición como enfermedad de origen social es la expresión última de la situación de inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional de una población, al afectar principalmente a los niños. El objetivo fue analizar la prevalencia y factores relacionados con la desnutrición en la primera infancia en Colombia durante los años 2018 a 2020, mediante un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de tipo ecológico - exploratorio, con recolección de datos retrospectivos a partir de reportes obtenidos del Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social. El total de casos corresponde a 43.823 reportes, la prevalencia para los tres años fue de 1,13% principalmente en los departamentos de Guajira (n: 3.488; 3,17%) y Boyacá (n: 1.277; 1,39%), mayor número de casos presentados en el sexo masculino (n: 23.804; 54,3%), en edad entre 0 y 1 año (n: 17.099; 39,0%), pertenecientes al régimen subsidiado (n: 28.814; 65,75%) y ubicados en la cabecera municipal (n: 28.114; 64,15%). Con relación a la pertenencia étnica la mayor frecuencia se evidencia en "otras etnias" (n: 33.050; 75,42%), seguido de la etnia indígena (n: 8.348; 19,05%) y el estrato socioeconómico más representativo es el "bajo-bajo" (n: 17.620; 40,21%). Además, existe relación entre el sexo masculino y la desnutrición, comportándose como un factor de riesgo, y el vivir en centro poblado disminuye la probabilidad de presentar desnutrición. Se evidenció una frecuencia significativa de características asociadas a los determinantes sociales en salud y variables específicas relacionadas con la desnutrición.
Malnutrition as a disease of social origin is the ultimate expression of the situation of food and nutritional insecurity of a population, mainly affecting children. The objective was to analyze the prevalence and factors related to malnutrition in early childhood in Colombia during the years 2018 to 2020, through a descriptive quantitative study of an ecological-exploratory type, with retrospective data collection from reports obtained from the Integrated System of Social Protection Information. The total number of cases corresponds to 43,823 reports, the prevalence for the three years was 1.13%, mainly in the departments of Guajira (n: 3,488; 3.17%) and Boyacá (n: 1,277; 1.39%). greater number of cases presented in males (n: 23,804; 54.3%), aged between 0 and 1 year (n: 17,099; 39.0%), belonging to the subsidized regime (n: 28,814; 65.75%) and located in the municipal seat (n: 28,114; 64.15%). In relation to ethnicity, the highest frequency is evidenced in "other ethnic groups" (n: 33,050; 75.42%), followed by the indigenous ethnic group (n: 8,348; 19.05%), and the most representative socioeconomic stratum is the "low-low" (n: 17,620; 40.21%). In addition, there is a relationship between the male sex and malnutrition, behaving as a risk factor, and living in a populated center decreases the probability of presenting malnutrition. A significant frequency of characteristics associated with the social determinants of health and specific variables related to malnutrition was evidenced.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cadaveric study was to assess the relation between age and microvascular supply of 3 areas of the gluteus medius tendon using a previously validated CD31 immunohistochemistry staining technique. METHODS: Twenty-four fresh-frozen gluteus medius specimens were obtained through a posterolateral approach to the hip. Specimens aged 18 years or older, of either sex, and of any race were considered for this study. The average age of donors was 47.3 years (range, 18-68 years). Each sample was divided into 3 portions: musculotendinous, tendinous, and tendon-bone junction. H&E staining was used for qualitative structural analysis, and then all samples underwent staining with CD31 immunohistochemistry for quantitative assessment of vessels per square millimeter. A comparison of the microvessel density between zones according to age was performed by an analysis of variance. To evaluate the relation between microvessel supply and age, a regression model with curvilinear estimation was used. The data were fitted to a quadratic model. RESULTS: Vascular supply in transversal and longitudinal cuts regardless of the zone was, on average, 53.9 ± 32.1 vessels/mm2 and 51.1 ± 19.3 vessels/mm2, respectively. All the areas of the tendon showed a strength of relation (R) ranging from 0.41 to 0.76 between age and vascular supply. In addition, the proportion of vascular supply change explained by age (R2) was significant in most cases (ranging from 0.17 to 0.56, with P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a chronological relation between aging and microvascular supply of the gluteus medius tendon, in which an initial increase occurs from 18 years of age to 30 to 40 years of age, with a progressive decrease after 50 years of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of our study may have implications for increased vulnerability of the gluteus medius tendon and decreased healing potential.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Tendões/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Nádegas , Cadáver , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coloração e Rotulagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En muchos países del mundo, la información que aparece en las etiquetas de los productos alimenticios forma parte de los es - fuerzos de la educación nutricional para fomentar en los consumidores cambios positivos en la conducta alimentaría. La sociedad busca sustentar a través de sus métodos el co no ci miento aplicado con tecnología, de manera tal que pue da ob te ner de dicho proceso la información útil, completa y oportuna. El impacto de la información sustentada en la evidencia científica y tecnológica sobre la masa poblacional de un producto de consumo masivo particular, induce de forma ética a la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar los análisis fi sicoquímicos previo muestreo, de los productos elaborados por 13 empresas de alimentos, en el estado Mérida, comparar los resultados con las normas Covenin, a fin de ela borar el etiquetado nutricional. Estas empresas fueron en cuestadas previamente para obtener la aceptación de las mis mas en el proyecto en estudio. La ubicación geográfica de las empresas corresponde a los municipios Libertador, San tos Marquina y Campo Elías del estado Mérida. Se de terminó el % de grasa, mediante el método de Soxhlet (Co ve nin, 3821:2003); Pro - teínas por micro Kjeldahl (Covenin, 370-1986)), humedad por el método gravimétrico de desecación en estufa (AOAC, 2000); cenizas por incineración directa en lla ma (AOAC, 2000), y carbohidratos por diferencia. De los re sultados obtenidos se concluye que de 21 productos analizados, el 80% no cumple con la norma de referencia para cada producto, y un 20% está dentro de los valores exigidos por la referencia respectiva. Estos resultados se compararon en al gunos casos con la norma Covenin y en otros por la Tabla de composición de alimentos del Institu to Na cional de Nutrición.
In many countries of the world, the nutritional facts that appear in the nutritional labels of many marketed alimentary products, is part of an educational effort to promote positive changes in the nutritional habits of consumers. Our society seeks sustainability through methods that enable the administration of knowledge applied to technology, in order to obtain useful, complete and opportune information. The impact over the population of the information based in scientific evidence induces positive decision making in an ethical manner. The objectives of the present investigation were to make physical and chemical analysis previous sample recollections of the manufactured alimentary products of 13 different businesses of the state of Merida and compared the results with the COVENIN norms, and finally, elaborate the nutritional labels. These businesses were pre viously submitted to the required rules of acceptance of the investigation. These small businesses are geographically located in the municipalities of Santos Marquina, Libertador y Campo Elias of the state of Mérida. The percentage of lipid content was determined by the method Soxhlet (COVENIN, 3821:2003); Proteins by micro Kjeldahl (COVENIN, 370:1986), humidity by the gravimetric method of desiccation in estove (AOAC, 2000); ashes by direct incineration (AOAC, 2000), y carbohydrates by difference. The results obtainned, are as follows: of the 21 products analized, 80% dont fulfil the COVENIN parameters and 20% are in the range of values of reference. Some of these results were compared with the COVENIN norms and others with the table of composition of the Institute of National Nu - trition.