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Resumen: Este artículo, de revisión teórica, busca reflexionar sobre las estructuras coloniales y la continuidad entre el colonialismo moderno y la colonialidad global. Como problematización de la Psicología hegemónica moderna/colonial, identificamos algunas expresiones de reproducción colonial, en particular el silenciamiento epistémico de pueblos tradicionales/ancestrales. Articulamos reflexiones en torno a los feminismos negros, la epistemología ch´ixi y la biointeracción que inspiran la contracolonización, descolonización y despatriarcalización de la Psicología como posicionamientos centrales para las psicologías otras . Tenemos en cuenta el riesgo de la recolonización, que nos advierte Silvia Rivera-Cusicanqui. Reivindicamos la emergencia de las psicologías contrahegemónicas capaces de movilizar, florecer y redefinirse como expresión del saber comprometido con los pueblos de la tierra y la vida.
Resumo: Esta revisão teórica tem como objetivo refletir sobre as estruturas coloniais e a continuidade entre o colonialismo moderno e a colonialidade global. Como problematização da Psicologia hegemônica moderna/colonial, identificamos algumas expressões da reprodução colonial, em particular o silenciamento epistêmico dos povos tradicionais/ancestrais. Articulamos reflexões em torno de feminismos negros, epistemologia ch'ixi e biointeração que inspiram a contracolonização, descolonização e despatriarcalização da Psicologia como posições centrais para outras psicologias. Consideramos o risco de recolonização, sobre o qual nos alerta Silvia Rivera-Cusicanqui ( 2010 ). Assim, reivindicou-se a emergência de psicologias contra-hegemônicas capazes de se mobilizar, florescer e se redefinir como expressão de saberes comprometidos com os povos da terra e com a vida.
Abstract: This theoretical review reflects on the colonial structures and continuity between modern colonialism and global coloniality. In problematizing modern/colonial hegemonic Psychology, we identified some expressions of colonial reproduction, particularly the epistemic silencing of traditional and ancestral peoples. We articulate reflections on black feminisms, ch'ixi epistemology and biointeraction that inspire the counter-colonization, decolonization and de-patriarchalization of Psychology as core positions for other psychologies, without disregarding the risk of recolonization pointed out by Silvia Rivera-Cusicanqui ( 2010 ). Hence, we point to the emergence of counter-hegemonic psychologies capable of mobilizing, flourishing, and redefining themselves as an expression of knowledge committed to the peoples of the earth and to life.
Résumé: Cette revue théorique porte sur les structures coloniales et la continuité entre le colonialisme moderne et la colonialité mondiale. En problématisant la psychologie hégémonique moderne/coloniale, nous avons identifié certaines expressions de la reproduction coloniale, en particulier le silence épistémique des peuples traditionnels et ancestraux. Nous articulons des réflexions sur les féminismes noirs, l'épistémologie ch'ixi et de la biointeraction qui inspirent la contre-colonisation, la décolonisation et la dépatriarcalisation de la psychologie en tant que positions centrales pour d'autres psychologies, sans négliger le risque de recolonisation souligné par Silvia Rivera-Cusicanqui ( 2010 ). Ainsi, nous envisageons l'émergence de psychologies contre-hégémoniques capables de mobiliser, de s'épanouir et de se redéfinir en tant qu'expression d'un savoir engagé en faveur des peuples de la terre et de la vie.
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Antibiotics and pesticides, as well as various emerging contaminants that are present in surface waters, raise significant environmental concerns. Advanced oxidation processes, which are employed to eliminate these substances, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness. However, during the degradation process, by-products that are not completely mineralized are generated, posing a substantial risk to aquatic ecosystem organisms; therefore, it is crucial to assess effluent ecotoxicity following treatment. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of effluents produced during the removal of amoxicillin and glyphosate with a Fenton-type process using a laminar structure catalyzed with iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). The evaluation included the use of Daphnia magna, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Lactuca sativa, and mutagenicity testing was performed using strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium. Both treated and untreated effluents exhibited inhibitory effects on root growth in L. sativa, even at low concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% v/v. Similarly, negative impacts on the growth of algal cells of S. capricornutum were observed at concentrations as low as 0.025% v/v, particularly in cases involving amoxicillin-copper (Cu) and glyphosate with copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Notably, in the case of D. magna, mortality was noticeable even at concentrations of 10% v/v. Additionally, the treatment of amoxicillin with double-layer hydroxides of Fe and Cu resulted in mutagenicity (IM ≥ 2.0), highlighting the necessity to treat the effluent further from the advanced oxidation process to reduce ecological risks.
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Amoxicilina , Cobre , Glifosato , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Amoxicilina/isolamento & purificação , Catálise , Cobre/química , Ecotoxicologia , Glifosato/isolamento & purificação , Ferro/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets (3.0 ± 0.1 cm) received sequential treatment, first by the action of direct-current low-pressure plasma (DC-LPP) with a 100% oxygen partial pressure, 3.0 × 10-2 mbar pressure, 600 V DC tension, 5.6 cm distance, 6-min treatment. Then, sheets were submitted to TiO2 photocatalysis at UV radiation at 254 nm (TiO2/UV) with a pH value of 4.5 ± 0.2 and a TiO2 concentration of 1 gL-1. We achieved a complementary effect on the transformation of LDPE films. With the first treatment, ablation was generated, which increased hydrophilicity. With the second treatment, the cavities appeared. The changes in the LDPE sheets' hydrophobicity were measured using the static contact angle (SCA) technique. The photocatalytic degradation curve at 400 h revealed that the DC-LPP photocatalysis sequential process decreased SCA by 82°. This was achieved by the incorporation of polar groups, which increased hydrophilicity, roughness, and rigidity by 12 and 38%, respectively. These sequential processes could be employed for LDPE and other material biodegradation pretreatment.
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RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN. El tiempo es un factor importante en el tratamiento del ACV agudo, con la pandemia de covid-19 se puede ver afectada la adherencia a las guías. Se han reportado tasas de ACV en presencia de covid-19 alrededor del 5%, además un aumento en el tiempo de consulta de los pacientes en otras regiones del mundo y una mayor ocupación de camas de UCI para patologías respiratorias que usualmente se destinan a pacientes con ACV. Este documento recoge las recomendaciones del comité de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular de la Asociación Colombiana de Neurología basados en la literatura y votadas por consenso. OBJETIVOS. Proporcionar una guía rápida adaptada a los diferentes escenarios de atención de ACV en Colombia, divididos en centro listo, primario y avanzado incluyendo una ruta de atención para paciente con sospecha de covid-19 denominada Código ACV protegido, que incluye el uso de elementos de protección personal para pacientes y personal de salud. PUNTOS PRINCIPALES. Dentro de las recomendaciones principales está el cuestionario de tamizaje al ingreso a urgencias, uso de tapabocas para el paciente, considerar todo Código ACV sospechoso de covid-19, toma de PCR para covid-19 en todos los ACV y llevar a zona buffer. En sospecha de oclusión proximal incluir tomo-grafía de tórax a la evaluación de imágenes. CONCLUSIONES. Establecer pautas de atención durante la pandemia covid-19 permite optimizar protección para pacientes y personal de salud, disminuir retrasos y tratar de evitar que pacientes no reciban el tratamiento adecuado en los diferentes niveles de atención del sistema de salud.
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION. Time is an important factor in the treatment of acute stroke, with the COVID-19 pandemic adherence to guidelines can be affected. Stroke rates in the presence of COVID-19 have been reported around 5%, in addition to an increase in the consultation time of patients in other regions of the world and a greater occupation of ICU beds for respiratory pathologies that are usually intended for patients with stroke. This document contains the recommendations of the Cerebrovascular Disease Committee of the Colombian Neurology Association based on the literature and voted by consensus. OBJECTIVES. Provide a quick guide adapted to the different stroke care scenarios in Colombia, divided into ready, primary and advanced centers, including a care route for a patient with suspected COVID-19 called the protected stroke code, which includes the use of protection elements for the patient and the healthcare team. MAIN FACTS. Among the main recommendations are the screening questionnaire on admission to the emergency department, the use of face masks for the patient, considering all suspected stroke code as COVID-19, taking the PCR for COVID-19 in all strokes and taking them to the buffer zone. In suspected large vessel occlusion, include chest tomography to image evaluation. CONCLUSIONS. Establishing guidelines of care during the COVID-19 pandemic allows optimizing protection for patients and health care personnel, reducing delays and trying to avoid patients not receiving adequate treatment at different levels of attention in the health system.
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Mobilidade UrbanaRESUMO
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases of great importance in the industry due to their non-specificity and high oxidative potential. Laccases are useful to bleach synthetic dyes, oxidize phenolic compounds and degrade pesticides, among others. Hence, the objective of this work was to optimize low cost culture media for recombinant (rPOXA 1B) laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus in Pichia pastoris. To this end, low cost nitrogen sources were studied, such as malt extract, isolated soy protein and milk serum. Following, two central composite designs (CCD) were performed. In CCD-1 different concentrations of glucose USP (0-13.35 gL-1), protein isolated soy protein (5-25 gL-1), malt extract (3.5-17.5 gL-1) and (NH4)2SO4 (1.3-6.5 gL-1) were evaluated. In CCD-2 only different concentrations of glucose USP (7.9-22 gL-1) and isolated soy protein (15.9-44.9 gL-1) were evaluated. CCD-2 results led to a One Factor Experimental design (OFED) to evaluate higher isolated soy protein (20-80 gL-1) concentrations. In all designs, (CCD-1, CCD-2 and OFED) CuSO4 (0.16 gL-1) and chloramphenicol (0.1 gL-1) concentrations remained unchanged. For the OFED after sequential statistical optimization, an enzyme activity of 12,877.3 ± 481.2 UL-1 at 168 h was observed. rPOXA 1B activity increased 30.54 % in comparison with CCD-2 results. Final composition of optimized media was: 20 gL-1 glucose USP, 50 gL-1 isolated soy protein 90 % (w/w), 11.74 gL-1 malt extract, and 4.91 gL-1 (NH4)2SO4. With this culture media, it was possible to reduce culture media costs by 89.84 % in comparison with improved culture media previously described by our group.
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Los patrones de incidencia de las neoplasias de esófago vienen presentando cambios en las últimas décadas. Es así como en hombres, el adenocarcinoma de esófago es ahora más frecuente que el carcinoma epidermoide. Hay evidencia en las diferencias del comportamiento biológico de los adenocarcinomas y dentro de los mismos carcinomas de células escamosas de acuerdo con su localización. Muchas discrepancias existen en la literatura respecto a la etiología, clasificación y tratamiento quirúrgico para estos tumores. Los adenocarcinomas de la unión gastroesofágica incluyen a los tumores originados en el esófago distal con invasión de la unión gastroesofágica, a los cardiales y a los originados en el estómago proximal. Generalmente se utiliza la clasificación topográfica propuesta por Siewert y Stein, que divide a los tumores en tipo I, cuando hay compromiso proximal a la unión gastroesofágica, tipo II, encontrados directamente en el cardias, y tipo III, encontrados en el estómago proximal. Hacemos la presentación de tres casos. Se lleva a cabo una revisión del enfoque diagnóstico y del manejo de estas lesiones.
Patterns of esophageal tumor incidence have changed in recent decades, now esophageal adenocarcinomas have become more common than squamous cell carcinoma among men. There is evidence of biological differences in behavior among adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas according to their locations. Many discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the etiology, classification and surgical treatment for these tumors. Adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction include tumors that arise in the distal esophagus as a result of invasion from the proximal stomach through the gastroesophageal junction and the cardiac glands. The usual topographic classification is that proposed by Siewert and Stein. It divides tumors into Type 1, which is used when the compromise is proximal to the gastroesophageal junction, Type 2 when the tumor is found directly in the cardia, and Type 3 when the tumor is in the proximal stomach. Here we present three cases and a review of the diagnostic approach to, and management of, these lesions.