RESUMO
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if superior glycaemic control could be achieved with Avandamet® (rosiglitazone/metformin/AVM) compared with metformin (MET) monotherapy, and if glycaemic effects attained with AVM are durable over 18 months of treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone biomarkers were evaluated in a subgroup of patients. METHODS: This was a phase IV, randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study in 688, drug naÏve, male and female patients who had an established clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio either to AVM or MET. RESULTS: As initial therapy in patients with T2DM, AVM was superior to MET in achieving statistically significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.0001) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p < 0.001), with more patients reaching recommended HbA1c and FPG targets for intensive glycaemic control. The glycaemic effects attained with AVM compared to MET monotherapy were durable over 18 months of treatment. In the bone substudy, AVM was associated with a significantly lower BMD in comparison with MET at week 80 in the lumbar spine and total hip (p < 0.0012 and p = 0.0005, respectively). Between-treatment differences were not statistically significant for distal one-third of radius BMD, femoral neck BMD or total BMD. CONCLUSION: Superior glycaemic control was achieved with AVM compared with MET monotherapy. The superior glycaemic effects were shown to be durable over 18 months of treatment. AVM was associated with a significantly reduced BMD in comparison with MET at week 80 in the lumbar spine and total hip.
Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma [KS] herpesvirus) infection was determined by IFA in 297 persons living in Brazil and Colorado. The prevalence of antibody to HHV-8 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive gay men with and without KS was similar in Brazil and Colorado. In Brazil, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibody was significantly greater in HIV-1-seronegative gay men than in HIV-1-seronegative male intravenous drug users. HHV-8-seropositive Brazilian gay men who had a clinical diagnosis of KS or who were infected with HIV-1 had significantly higher titers of HHV-8 antibody than did HHV-8-seropositive, HIV-1-seronegative Brazilian gay men. These findings provide further support for the association between HHV-8 infection and KS and suggest that, as in the United States, HHV-8 infection is transmitted sexually in Brazil.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Linhagem Celular , Colorado/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Soronegatividade para HIV , HIV-1 , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, exposed in artificial soil to sublethal concentrations of technical chlordane (6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm) and cadmium nitrate (100, 200, and 300 ppm) exhibited significant reduction in spermatozoa from testes and seminal vesicles. The onset time of reduction varied with exposure concentration, but absolute depression in sperm count was independent of exposure concentration or exposure duration after reduction was first manifested, demonstrating a threshold effect. Earthworm sperm counts show potential as a rapid-measurement endpoint biomarker for measuring sublethal effects of chemical pollutants on reproduction.
RESUMO
The protective capability of Maalox against indomethacin-induced gastric damage was evaluated in hamsters. The effect of acidification on the gastroprotection provided by Maalox against such damage was also determined. Maalox was ineffective against indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulceration in hamsters. Acidification of this antacid to pHs of 1.5-3.5 resulted in significant (80-90%) gastroprotection against indomethacin. Macroscopic and histologic evidence of binding by acidified Maalox to the hamster antral mucosa was clearly evident. In summary, no correlation exists between acid neutralization and the gastroprotective capability of Maalox against indomethacin in hamsters. The gastroprotection by acidified Maalox against antral ulceration in this species corresponds well with the reported presence of its hexaaquoaluminum cation moiety at a pH below 4. Such gastroprotection may involve binding of this cation to the hamster pyloric antrum thereby protecting the antral mucosa against indomethacin-induced ulceration.