RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fermentativos e a composição química de silagens de capim elefante com adição de vagens de faveira. As vagens foram adicionadas à forragem nos níveis 8, 16 e 24% com base no peso verde, junto a tratamento controle (0%) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram quantificados os valores de pH, perdas por efluentes (PE) e perdas por gases (PG), recuperação de matéria seca (RECMS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e detergente ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG) e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA) e estimaram-se os valores de celulose (CEL) e hemicelulose (HCEL). Verificou-se aumento linear (P<0,05) para PG e redução de 52,23% na produção de efluente quando do tratamento de 24%, com pH mantendo-se no nível ideal (média de 3,76). Quanto à composição química da silagem, observou-se elevação dos teores de MS e PB (6,53%) quando da inclusão das vagens, com menores proporções de FDN (52,99%) e FDA (36,48%). No entanto, os teores de NIDA aumentaram quando da elevação dos níveis de vagens na silagem. As vagens de faveira são indicadas como aditivos, em até 24%, para ensilagem de capim elefante, por melhorar a qualidade da silagem, quanto à fermentação e composição química.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative parameters and chemical composition of elephant grass silages with the addition of faveira pods. The pods were added to the forage at levels of 8, 16 and 24% on a dry matter (DM) basis, together with the control treatment (0%), in a completely randomized design. The pH, losses through effluent and gas, dry matter recovery, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent (ADF), lignin and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) were quantified, and cellulose and hemicellulose were estimated. There was a linear increase (P<0.05) in losses through gas and a reduction in effluent production (1.17 kg/ton DM) at 24%, with pH remaining at the ideal level (3.76). Regarding the chemical composition of silage, an increase in DM and CP (6.53%) was observed at the highest levels of pod inclusion, with lower proportions of NDF (52.99%) and ADF (36.48%). However, ADIN levels increased with increasing pod levels in the silage (+ 6.81%). Faveira pods up to 24% are indicated as additives for elephant grass silage, as they improve silage quality, fermentation and chemical composition.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fermentativos e a composição química de silagens de capim elefante com adição de vagens de faveira. As vagens foram adicionadas à forragem nos níveis 8, 16 e 24% com base no peso verde, junto a tratamento controle (0%) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram quantificados os valores de pH, perdas por efluentes (PE) e perdas por gases (PG), recuperação de matéria seca (RECMS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e detergente ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG) e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA) e estimaram-se os valores de celulose (CEL) e hemicelulose (HCEL). Verificou-se aumento linear (P<0,05) para PG e redução de 52,23% na produção de efluente quando do tratamento de 24%, com pH mantendo-se no nível ideal (média de 3,76). Quanto à composição química da silagem, observou-se elevação dos teores de MS e PB (6,53%) quando da inclusão das vagens, com menores proporções de FDN (52,99%) e FDA (36,48%). No entanto, os teores de NIDA aumentaram quando da elevação dos níveis de vagens na silagem. As vagens de faveira são indicadas como aditivos, em até 24%, para ensilagem de capim elefante, por melhorar a qualidade da silagem, quanto à fermentação e composição química.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative parameters and chemical composition of elephant grass silages with the addition of faveira pods. The pods were added to the forage at levels of 8, 16 and 24% on a dry matter (DM) basis, together with the control treatment (0%), in a completely randomized design. The pH, losses through effluent and gas, dry matter recovery, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent (ADF), lignin and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) were quantified, and cellulose and hemicellulose were estimated. There was a linear increase (P<0.05) in losses through gas and a reduction in effluent production (1.17 kg/ton DM) at 24%, with pH remaining at the ideal level (3.76). Regarding the chemical composition of silage, an increase in DM and CP (6.53%) was observed at the highest levels of pod inclusion, with lower proportions of NDF (52.99%) and ADF (36.48%). However, ADIN levels increased with increasing pod levels in the silage (+ 6.81%). Faveira pods up to 24% are indicated as additives for elephant grass silage, as they improve silage quality, fermentation and chemical composition.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This paper describes a new method for recognizing hand configurations of the Brazilian Gesture Language - LIBRAS - using depth maps obtained with a Kinect® camera. The proposed method comprised three phases: hand segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The segmentation phase is independent from the background and depends only on pixel depth information. Using geometric operations and numerical normalization, the feature extraction process was done independent from rotation and translation. The features are extracted employing two techniques: (2D)2LDA and (2D)2PCA. The classification is made with a novelty classifier. A robust database was constructed for classifier evaluation, with 12,200 images of LIBRAS and 200 gestures of each hand configuration. The best accuracy obtained was 95.41%, which was greater than previous values obtained in the literature.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present review is aimed at updating the reader with the current role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of tumor response, contextualizing the imaging methods advantages and limitations. CT has been the most frequent and widely adopted diagnostic tool. The main advantages of such method include wide availability, high reproducibility, capability to contemporarily evaluate soft tissues, bone and lung parenchyma, besides being easy to perform. Its main limitation is related to the use of ionizing radiation. MRI has emerged as a feasible alternative to CT, particularly in patients with contraindications to the use of iodinated contrast agents, with advantages related to its high soft tissues contrast. The disadvantages are based on its operational complexity and the many technical variables involved which may influence and compromise the reproducibility and broad implementation of the method. New criteria for evaluation of tumor response have recently been proposed, contemplating lately developed drugs and therapeutic strategies that demand the utilization of functional parameters. In this context, the technological developments incorporated in the CT and MRI imaging techniques, such as perfusion analysis, diffusion studies (DW-RM) and MR spectroscopy (MRS), among others, have provided relevant information regarding the tumor response to targeted therapies, anticipating dimensional alterations and guiding physicians in the course of the treatment. Despite such developments, further efforts are needed to establish reproducible protocols, functional response criteria and time intervals for response evaluation in order to allow a definitive incorporation of these new technologies in the assessment of tumor response.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the most of the cases, the diagnosis of focal solid hepatic lesions are performed by ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and hepatic angiography imagig. However, the distinction between benign and malignant neoplasias, sometimes is made after liver biopsy. This report is about 32 of these lesions, diagnosed after guided liver biopsy by ultrasonography. The efficacy of this propedeutic method, minimally invasive, is defined emphasizing that there are no mortality and low levels of morbidity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumor found in the liver. In this study, 103 cases of hepatic hemangiomas were analysed in a retrospective manner. Image aspects such as those seen in ultrassonography, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and arteriography are discussed. The incidence was higher amongst the female sex, between individuals from 40 to 60 years old, which presented predominantly without symptoms (66%) and localized mainly in the right hepatic lobe (74%). The meaning of those aspects, when adopted, permits the clinicians to differentiate benign from malignant nodular lesions in the liver.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE--To investigate whether bacteriuria and, specifically, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) occur with increased frequency in men with HIV infection. METHODS--In this cross-sectional study we investigated three groups of men, aged from 18 to 50 years. Group A was composed of patients with a diagnosis of AIDS; Group B, of patients without HIV infection, and group C of patients with asymptomatic HIV infection. Patients with any known predisposing factor for UTI were excluded from the study. A clean-catch midstream urine sample was collected from each patient on the first day of hospital admission (groups A and B) or during a visit to the outpatient clinic (group C). Bacteriuria was diagnosed when > or = 100,000 colony forming units/ml, urine were grown. RESULTS--There were 415 patients, 151 in group A, 170 in group B and 94 in group C. Bacteriuria was significantly more frequently in group A (20 cases, 13.3%) than in groups B (3 cases, 1.8%, p = 0.00007) and C (3 cases, 3.2%, p = 0.009). Ten cases of bacteriuria in group A (6.6%) were symptomatic while no case of symptomatic UTI was seen in groups B (p = 0.0004) and C (p = 0.008). The frequency of UTI in homosexual men with AIDS (7 cases, 6.7%) was not significantly different from that observed in men with AIDS who denied homosexuality (3 cases, 6.5%). E coli was the predominant pathogen associated with UTI. Although adequate response to a two-week course of antibiotics was observed in most cases, an in-hospital mortality rate of 20% was found among AIDS patients with symptomatic UTI. CONCLUSIONS--In the present study, the frequency of bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI was found to be increased in men with AIDS. E coli was the predominant pathogen in these cases. These data suggest that symptomatic UTI may represent a relevant cause of morbidity for men with AIDS.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A clinical AIDS case definition is needed for surveillance in countries where the CDC case definition is not practical. To derive such a definition, we compared 110 HIV-seropositive and 135 randomly selected HIV-seronegative adult medical-ward inpatients in Brazil. Multivariate analysis of clinical signs and symptoms and simple diagnoses resulted in a discriminant function with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 96% in predicting for AIDS. These data were the empirical basis for a clinical definition of AIDS in adults drafted in a Caracas, Venezuela, workshop sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization. The revised "Caracas" definition presented here requires a positive HIV serology, the absence of cancer or other cause of immunosuppression, plus > or = 10 cumulative points, as follows: Kaposi's sarcoma (10 points); extrapulmonary/noncavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (10); oral candidiasis or hairy leukoplakia (5); cavitary pulmonary/unspecified tuberculosis (5); herpes zoster < 60 years of age (5); CNS dysfunction (5); diarrhea > or = 1 month (2); fever > or = 1 month (2); cachexia or > 10% weight loss (2); asthenia > or = 1 month (2); persistent dermatitis (2); anemia, lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia (2); persistent cough or any pneumonia except TB (2); and lymphadenopathy > or = 1 cm at > or = 2 noninguinal sites for > or = 1 month (2). This definition has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% (91% without HIV serology) when applied to the Brazilian patients in this study. The Caracas definition has been adopted by Brazil, Honduras, and Surinam, and is in validation elsewhere. The use of a reasonably sensitive and specific case definition commensurate with available diagnostic resources should facilitate AIDS surveillance in developing countries.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Analysis of sera from hospitalized Brazilian patients by whole-virus lysate-based enzyme immunoassay and Western blot indicated that 0.4% were reactive to HIV-2 alone while 4% were reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. When these sera were tested for HIV antibody by type-specific peptide enzyme immunoassays, dual seropositivity was confirmed in only 0.4% of patients. To define genetically the HIV strains within the population, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from selected seropositive patients for the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Independent primers/probes sets were used for the amplification and detection of viral sequences from the long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, and protease (prt) gene regions. Our findings confirmed the serologic evidence of HIV-2 in Brazil and determined the extent of mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Detailed evaluation of the amplified viral protease sequences by endonuclease restriction analysis and DNA sequencing independently confirmed mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in the two patients seropositive for HIV-1 and HIV-2. The data further indicated that these isolates are distinct from the HIV laboratory standards. We interpret the combination of culture and PCR findings to demonstrate the presence of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Brazil.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Over the last few years, ultrasound became important in characterization of space -occupying solid lesions of the liver. Recently, Canadian authors using this method, described a 23% incidence of intrahepatic or subcapsular hematoma after liver biopsy. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of this complication after liver biopsy under laparoscopic guidance in 8 cirrhotic patients, 7 with steatosis, 7 chronic active hepatitis and 4 with intrahepatic cholestasis. Biopsy was performed under general anesthesia provided that prothrombin activity was over 50%, serum fibrinogen was over 100% and platelets over 50.000/mm3. In none of 26 consecutive patients, was an intrahepatic or subcapsular hematoma observed.

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os autores discutem os aspectos clinicos e patologicos da pneumatose cistoide intestinal num homem de 61 anos de idade, enfatizando as caracteristicas clinicas, radiologicas e histologicas que a distinguem de outras doencas intestinais

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos