RESUMO
Our working hypothesis is that brain neurotrophins and brain Na(+),K(+)-ATPase may be strongly associated with the occurrence of depression in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Still, we believe that chrysin, a natural and bioactive flavonoid found in honey and some plants, can provide satisfactory effects on antidepressant therapy. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CUMS on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels as well as the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female mice. We also aimed to examine the effect of a 28-day oral treatment with chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg) in female mice subjected to CUMS, comparing to the effect of fluoxetine. Results showed that CUMS applied for 28days induced a decrease in BDNF and NGF levels as well as in the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. CUMS also promoted a depressive status in the swimming forced test (FST), in the sucrose preference test, and in corticosterone levels. Chrysin (20mg/kg) and fluoxetine also occasioned the up-regulation of BDNF and NGF levels in non-stressed mice and in mice subjected to CUMS. CUMS decreased non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In response to these changes, the glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased in mice exposed to CUMS. Chrysin and fluoxetine treatments protected against all these alterations, suggesting the involvement of the antioxidant function in the antidepressant effect of chrysin and fluoxetine. In conclusion, CUMS decreased BDNF and NGF levels as well as the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in mice. Chrysin presented antidepressant effect in mice on behavioral, neurotrophic and biochemistry parameters equivalent to fluoxetine. Furthermore, we suggest that the up-regulation of BDNF and NGF levels is a mechanism possibly involved in the antidepressant effect of chrysin in mice.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Animais , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Incerteza , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum. Exercise has been shown to be a promising non-pharmacological approach to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration diseases. This study was designed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of swimming training (ST) in a mouse model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in mice. The present study demonstrated that a 4-week ST was effective in attenuating the following impairments resulting from 6-OHDA exposure: (i) depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test; (ii) increase in the number of falls in the rotarod test; (iii) impairment on long-term memory in the object recognition test; (iv) increase of the reactive species and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1ß) levels; (v) inhibition of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity; (vi) rise of the glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and vii) decrease of DA, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels. The mechanisms involved in this study are the modulation of GPx, GR and GST activities as well as IL-1ß level in a PD model induced by 6-OHDA, protecting against the decrease of DA, DOPAC and HVA levels in the striatum of mice. These findings reinforce that one of the effects induced by exercise on neurodegenerative disease, such as PD, is due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We suggest that exercise attenuates cognitive and motor declines, depression, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by 6-OHDA supporting the hypothesis that exercise can be used as a non-pharmacological tool to reduce the symptoms of PD.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Hidroxidopaminas/toxicidade , Doença de Parkinson/etiologia , Doença de Parkinson/reabilitação , Natação/fisiologia , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Citrato (si)-Sintase/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/enzimologia , Depressão/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Elevação dos Membros Posteriores , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Desempenho Psicomotor , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Teste de Desempenho do Rota-RodRESUMO
We investigated the association between MBL2 gene exon 1 functional polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in 163 Brazilian patients (87 with Hashimoto thyroiditis, HT; 76 with Graves' disease) and 214 healthy controls. Individuals carrying MBL2 O allele are at higher risk of developing AITD (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11-2.26; P-value = 0.009) and HT (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.09-2.55; P-value = 0.013) as suggesting a possible role for mannose-binding lectin in influencing disease susceptibility.
Assuntos
Éxons , Doença de Graves/genética , Doença de Hashimoto/genética , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Doença de Graves/epidemiologia , Doença de Hashimoto/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The removal of radicular posts for endodontic reasons as well as their replacement is a common procedure in dental practice. The use of ultrasound is becoming a standard practice since it reduces the stress to displace the core from the canal minimizing the risks of root fractures, perforations and further wearing of dental structure. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a reduction in the core diameter when removing radicular posts with ultrasound. Twenty-four teeth were divided in two groups. Group I received posts with the dowel and core of the same diameter (1.7 mm) and group II received posts with the dowel diameter 2 mm larger (3.7 mm) than the core diameter. Zinc phosphate cement was used to cement the posts in all groups. Half of the samples of each group received ultrasonic energy for 8, 2 min for each face. All samples were submitted to traction on an Instron machine (model 4444). Data were analysed statistically with anova and the Tukey test, revealing significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups. The authors concluded that the mean tension necessary to displace the posts from the roots was reduced by 26% when ultrasound was applied. The reduction of the post-diameter reduced the necessary tension to remove them by 24% compared with larger posts.
Assuntos
Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , Técnica para Retentor Intrarradicular , Ultrassom , Cavidade Pulpar , Humanos , Incisivo , Cimento de Fosfato de ZincoRESUMO
Students from a Rural Boarding house of UFMG School of Medicine performed a survey of prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni and other intestinal parasites in 20 rural schools in Jaboticatubas, MG. An evaluation of house and sanitation conditions was made and stool parasitological examinations were realised in all school children. It was noticed that 15.43% of the children presented S. mansoni's ova in stool--that was the most prevalent parasite. From the examinations we verify 13.76% positive cases for G. lamblia; 12.89% for S. stercoralis; 11.13% for A. lumbricoides; 9.96% for hookworms; 9.57% for E. histolytica. The other parasites appeared with lower prevalence. All the children that presented parasite's ova in stool received treatment. The result that was found shows that schistosomiasis mansoni is a very serious problem of public health and basic sanitation actions are necessary to the endemic control.