RESUMO
Objective: To introduce MexOMICS, a Mexican Consortium focused on establishing electronic databases to collect, cross-reference, and share health-related and omics data on the Mexican population. Methods: Since 2019, the MexOMICS Consortium has established three electronic-based registries: the Mexican Twin Registry (TwinsMX), Mexican Lupus Registry (LupusRGMX), and the Mexican Parkinson's Research Network (MEX-PD), designed and implemented using the Research Electronic Data Capture web-based application. Participants were enrolled through voluntary participation and on-site engagement with medical specialists. We also acquired DNA samples and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans in subsets of participants. Results: The registries have successfully enrolled a large number of participants from a variety of regions within Mexico: TwinsMX (n = 2,915), LupusRGMX (n = 1,761) and MEX-PD (n = 750). In addition to sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical data, MexOMICS has collected DNA samples to study the genetic biomarkers across the three registries. Cognitive function has been assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a subset of 376 MEX-PD participants. Furthermore, a subset of 267 twins have participated in cognitive evaluations with the Creyos platform and in MRI sessions acquiring structural, functional, and spectroscopy brain imaging; comparable evaluations are planned for LupusRGMX and MEX-PD. Conclusions: The MexOMICS registries offer a valuable repository of information concerning the potential interplay of genetic and environmental factors in health conditions among the Mexican population.
RESUMO
Gastrointestinal viruses (GIV) are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Their epidemiological impact in Venezuela during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. GIV can also be detected in domestic sewage. Ninety-one wastewater samples from urban areas of Caracas collected over 12 months and concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation, were analyzed by multiplex reverse-transcription-PCR for rotavirus/calicivirus/astrovirus and enterovirus/klassevirus/cosavirus, and monoplex-PCR for adenovirus and Aichi virus. The overall frequency of virus detection was 46.2%, fluctuating over months, and peaking in the rainy season. Adenoviruses circulated throughout the year, especially type F41, and predominated (52.7%) over caliciviruses (29.1%) that peaked in the rainy months, rotaviruses (9.1%), cosaviruses (5.5%), astroviruses and enteroviruses (1.8%). Aichi-virus and klassevirus were absent. Rotavirus G9/G12, and P[4]/P[8]/P[14] predominated. The occurrence of GIV in wastewater reflects transmission within the population of Caracas and the persistence of a potential public health risk that needs to be adequately monitored.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Gastroenterite , Picornaviridae , Rotavirus , Humanos , Águas Residuárias , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Antígenos Virais , Adenoviridae , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , FezesRESUMO
The G-protein-coupled receptor for estrogen (GPER1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the progression and development of various neoplasms whose ligand is estradiol (E2). 17ß-aminoestrogens (17ß-AEs) compounds, analogs to E2, are possible candidates for use in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but our knowledge of their pharmacological profile is limited. Thus, we explored the molecular recognition of GPER1 with different synthetic 17ß-AEs: prolame, butolame, and pentolame. We compared the structure and ligand recognition sites previously reported for a specific agonist (G1), antagonists (G15 and G36), and the natural ligand (E2). Then, the biological effects of 17ß-AEs were analyzed through cell viability and cell-cycle assays in two types of female cancer. In addition, the effect of 17ß-AEs on the phosphorylation of the oncoprotein c-fos was evaluated, because this molecule is modulated by GPER1. Molecular docking analysis showed that 17ß-AEs interacted with GPER1, suggesting that prolame joins GPER1 in a hydrophobic cavity, similarly to G1, G15, and E2. Prolame induced cell proliferation in breast (MCF-7) and cervical cancer (SIHA) cells; meanwhile, butolame and pentolame did not affect cell proliferation. Neither 17ß-AEs nor E2 changed the activation of c-fos in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, in SIHA cells, E2 and 17ß-AEs reduced c-fos phosphorylation. Thus, our data suggest that butolame and pentolame, but not prolame, could be used for HRT without presenting a potential risk of inducing breast- or cervical-cancer-cell proliferation. The novelty of this work lies in its study of compound analogs to E2 that may represent important therapeutic strategies for women in menopause, with non-significant effects on the cell viability of cancer cells. The research focused on the interactions of GPER1, a molecule recently associated with promoting and maintaining various neoplasms.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Amino Álcoois , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrenos , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ligantes , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteínas Oncogênicas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background: Cannabis plants and their seed have been used in many cultures as a source of medicine and feeding during history. Today, there is an increasing demand for cannabis seeds for medical use. Moreover, a seed sales market with no legal regulations has also grown. This may pose some issues if a quality control is not set in place. Identification of cannabis strains is important for quality control purposes in a nonregulated growing market and in cases of illegal traffic and medical use. Owing to the high price as a pharmacological drug, commercial products of cannabis plants and seeds for medical users are often subjected to adulterations, either when packing or distributing certified seeds in the market. Materials and Methods: Cannabis commercial seeds and cannabis seeds for medical use were analyzed with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis using barcoding markers. Humulus lupulus L. plants from a local market were used as outgroup control. DNA barcoding uses specific regions of the genome to identify differences in the genetic sequence of conserved regions such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and rbcL. DNA barcoding data can be generated with real-time polymerase chain reaction combined with HRM analysis to distinguish specific conserved DNA regions of closely related species. HRM analysis is the method of choice for rapid analysis of sequence variation. Results: The melting temperature (Tm) of homogeneous packages was consistent with single genotypes. However, packages containing contaminating seeds showed Tm differences of 0.2°C on average. Conclusions: An effective, rapid, and low-cost method based on ITS nuclear DNA and on chloroplast rbcL regions for screening and detection of contamination in commercial cannabis seeds was developed and applied for the analysis of different samples. This approach can be used as a quality control tool for cannabis seeds or other plant material.
Assuntos
Cannabis , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Cannabis/genética , Cloroplastos/genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , DNA Intergênico , DNA de Plantas/genética , Controle de Qualidade , Sementes/genéticaRESUMO
Cannabis sativa L. is a plant cultivated worldwide as a source of fiber, medicine, and intoxicant. Traditionally, C. sativa is divided into two main types: fiber type (hemp) and drug type. Drug-type C. sativa differs from hemp by the presence of a high quantity of the psychoactive drug, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 THC). Cannabis sativa is the most commonly used used illicit controlled substance in Chile. Chile is the third greatest consumer of Cannabis in South America. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic composition of ten drug seizures of Cannabis spp. in the south of Chile using a high resolution melting (HRM) strategy combined with a barcoding marker, ITS. C. sativa samples were selected from previously processed more than a thousand crime cases at the, Araucania region crime lab, National Dept. of Health. Ten cases were selected. Sample collection was based on the following: a) dry and fresh samples with no evidence of decomposition or degradation, b) defined plant fragments such as flowers and leaves from individual plants and, c) samples with different content of THC, CBN and CBD. Five sub samples were randomly selected from each case (N=50). The commercial Silver Haze strain was used as a control. Two real-time PCR and HRM analyses were conducted. The first analysis was performed with a representative sample of each of the 10 cases studied. Then a second assay was performed with all subsamples of cases 1, 5 and 8. Results showed that real-time PCR combined with HRM analysis using ITS allowed to determine the genetic composition of cannabis in all cases studied. The derivative of melting and the analysis of the shape of the curve and the peak of Tm, showed that three groups can be clearly distinguished. A first group exhibited a peak of Tm close to 87.4°C and includes cases 7 and 8. A second group had a peak of Tm close to 87.6°C and includes case 5. A third group displayed a peak of Tm close to 87.9°C and includes case 1, 6 and Silver Haze strain. A second experiment was performed using subsamples of cases 1, 5 and 8. Case 1 displayed a unique composition of the drug suggesting that this seizure contained cannabis clonally propagated. In case 5, two genotypes were present, therefore this could be associated with two strain or two different origin. Case 8, was composed of a mixture of cannabis strains indicating the presence of various crop type and/or different biogeographic origin. In general, our results suggested genetically homogeneous seizures from Araucanía Region. The high latitude (37° 35' and 39° 37' South latitude) and the natural geographic borders that surround southern Chile helps the control of cannabis traffic into the country. Finally, HRM analysis coupled with the barcode ITS demonstrated to be a rapid and low-cost screening method.
Assuntos
Cannabis/genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , DNA Intergênico/genética , Chile , DNA de Plantas/genética , Tráfico de Drogas , Genética Forense/métodos , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Temperatura de TransiçãoRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar la ubicación vertical y anteroposterior del huesohioides en pacientes entre los 12 y 20 años de edad, que inician tratamientoortodóncico en el Departamento de Ortodoncia y Ortopedia dentomaxilofacial de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Materialy métodos: La muestra fue de 17 radiografías laterales de cráneo. Serealizó trazado del triángulo hioideo para determinar la ubicación vertical(clasificación de Rocabado) y el plano de referencia Ptv (propuesto por Ricketts) para la ubicación anteroposterior del hueso hioides. Enla descripción de los resultados según su biotipo facial; se empleó el promedio, desviación estándar y el coeficiente de variación (CV = DE/Prom) como medida de variabilidad relativa. Se utilizaron intervalos de confi anza Bootstrap (ICB) del 95 por ciento para la media y la determinación del rango de posibles valores de la ubicación hioidea. Resultados: El 58.82 por ciento de la muestra presentó la ubicación inferior del hioides. En los braquifaciales se encontró una posición adelantada del hioides, al igual que la mayoría de los pacientes mesofaciales (66.66 por ciento). Conclusión: La posición del hueso hioides en relación con el biotipo facial juega un papel importante durante los tratamientos ortodóncicos, ya que nos podría orientar en la posición lingual.
Objective: to determine the vertical and anteroposterior position of thehyoid bones in patients between the ages of 12 and 20 years with diff erentfacial growth patterns upon their commencing orthodontic treatmentat the Autonomous University of Yucatáns Department of Orthodontics.Material and methods. Our sample consisted of 17 lateral cephalometricradiographs traced manually, with the hyoid triangle being measured todetermine the vertical position of the hyoid bone (as per the cephalometricanalysis of Rocabado). The position of the anteroposterior hyoid bones wasdetermined using Rickettss PTV reference plane (linear measurements weretaken as described by Ricketts). For the purposes of comparison betweendiff erent skeletal patterns, the mean, standard deviation, and coeffi cientof variation (CV=SD/m) were used as a measure of relative variability.Bootstrap Confi dence Intervals (BCI) of 95% were used for the mean andfor determining the range of possible values for the location of the hyoid.Results: In 58.82% of the sample, the position of the hyoids was found tobe lower. In brachyfacial subjects, the hyoids were found to be positionedfurther forward, as was the case with most of the mesofacial subjects(66.66%). Conclusion: The relative position of the hyoid bones in specifi cfacial biotypes plays an important role during orthodontic treatment, giventhat it could help in the positioning of the tongue.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Biotipologia , Cefalometria/métodos , Osso Hioide/anatomia & histologia , Ortodontia Corretiva , México , Padrões de Referência , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
Introducción: El objetivo fue determinar la cantidad de consumo de calcio en gestantes durante el segundo y tercer trimestre atendidas en el hospital nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo en el año 2013. El estudio: Se incluyó a todas las gestantes atendidas en el hospital y que aceptaron voluntariamente. Se empleó un recordatorio de 24 horas para el registro de los alimentos consumidos. Hallazgos: Se evaluó a 100 gestantes. La edad promedio fue 31.59 años. La media del consumo de calcio fue de 1030.745 mg/día. Conclusiones: Existe un bajo consumo de calcio en dieta de las gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguianga Asenjo, sin embargo, ahí un menor número de gestantes que tienen un buen consumo de calcio que toman tabletas de calcio y su dieta.
Introduction. The objective was to determine the amount of calcium intake in pregnant women during the second and third trimester treated at the National Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo in 2013. The study: The study included all pregnant women in the hospital atentidas and volunteered. They use a reminder of 24 hours for the registration of food consumed. Findings: We evaluated 100 pregnant women. The average age was 31.59 years. The mean calcium in take was 1030.745 mg / day. Conclusions: Alow calcium intake in pregnant women treated at the National Hospital Almanzor Aguianga Asenjo.
RESUMO
Models of basal ganglia (BG) function posit a dynamic balance between two classes of striatal projection neurons (SPNs): direct pathway neurons (dSPNs) that facilitate movements, and indirect pathway neurons (iSPNs) that repress movement execution. Two main modulatory transmitters regulate the output of these neurons: dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh). dSPNs express D1-type DA, M1-and M4-type ACh receptors, while iSPNs express D2-type DA and M1-type ACh receptors. Actions of M1-, D1-, and D2-receptors have been extensively reported, but we still ignore most actions of muscarinic M4-type receptors. Here, we used whole-cell recordings in acutely dissociated neurons, pharmacological tools such as mamba-toxins, and BAC D(1 or 2)-eGFP transgenic mice to show that activation of M4-type receptors with bath applied muscarine enhances Ca(2+)-currents through CaV1-channels in dSPNs and not in iSPNs. This action increases excitability of dSPNs after both direct current injection and synaptically driven stimulation. The increases in Ca(2+)-current and excitability were blocked specifically by mamba toxin-3, suggesting mediation via M4-type receptors. M4-receptor activation also increased network activity of dSPNs but not of iSPNs as seen with calcium-imaging techniques. Moreover, actions of D1-type and M4-type receptors may add to produce a larger enhancement of excitability of dSPNs or, paradoxically, oppose each other depending on the order of their activation. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Assuntos
Corpo Estriado/citologia , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Receptor Muscarínico M4/metabolismo , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Dopamina/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais da Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Vias Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Nicardipino/farmacologia , Receptores de Dopamina D1/genética , Receptores de Dopamina D2/genética , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Sódio/farmacologia , Tetrodotoxina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and is normally transmitted by aerosols and direct contact between animals. A. pleuropneumoniae has traditionally been considered an obligate pathogen of pigs and its presence in the environment has yet to be investigated. Here, the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae was detected in drinking water of pig farms in Mexico using a PCR specific for the RTX toxin gene, apxIV. The presence of A. pleuropneumoniae in farm drinking water was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific polyclonal antibody and by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Viable bacteria from the farm drinking water were detected using the Live/Dead BacLight stain. Additionally, viable A. pleuropneumoniae was selected and isolated using the cAMP test and the identity of the isolated bacteria were confirmed by Gram staining, a specific polyclonal antibody and an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific PCR. Furthermore, biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy in A. pleuropneumoniae-positive samples. In conclusion, our data suggest that viable A. pleuropneumoniae is present in the drinking water of swine farms and may use biofilm as a strategy to survive in the environment.
Assuntos
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Água Potável/microbiologia , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/genética , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , México , Viabilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , SuínosRESUMO
In crayfish, one very well-studied circadian rhythm is that of electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude. The cerebroid ganglion has been considered a plausible site for the circadian pacemaker of this rhythm and for the retinular photoreceptors, as the corresponding effectors. The pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) appears to synchronize ERG rhythm, but its characterization as a synchronizer cue remains incomplete. The main purposes of this work were a) to determine whether PDH acts on the cerebroid ganglion, and b) to complete its characterization as a non-photic synchronizer. Here we show that PDH increases the number of the spontaneous potentials of the cerebroid ganglion, reaching 149.92±6.42% of the activity recorded in the controls, and that daily application of PDH for 15 consecutive days adjusts the ERG circadian rhythm period to 24.0±0.2h and the end of the activity period of the rhythm coincides with the injection of the hormone. In this work, we hypothesized that in crayfish, PDH transmits the "day" signal to the ERG circadian system and acts upon both the presumptive circadian pacemaker and the corresponding effectors to reinforce the synchronization of the system.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Astacoidea/metabolismo , Relógios Biológicos , Ritmo Circadiano , Eletrorretinografia , Gânglios dos Invertebrados/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana , Estimulação Luminosa , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In airway smooth muscle (ASM), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) induces a relaxation associated with prostaglandin production. We explored the role of K(+) currents (I (K)) in this relaxation. ATP relaxed the ASM, and this effect was abolished by indomethacin. Removal of airway epithelium slightly diminished the ATP-induced relaxation at lower concentration without modifying the responses to ATP at higher concentrations. ATPγS and UTP induced a concentration-dependent relaxation similar to ATP; α,ß-methylene-ATP was inactive from 1 to 100 µM. Suramin or reactive blue 2 (RB2), P2Y receptor antagonists, did not modify the relaxation, but their combination significantly reduced this effect of ATP. The relaxation was also inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM; which uncouples G proteins). In myocytes, the ATP-induced I (K) increment was not modified by suramin or RB2 but the combination of both drugs abolished it. This increment in the I (K) was also completely nullified by NEM and SQ 22,536. 4-Amynopyridine or iberiotoxin diminished the ATP-induced I (K) increment, and the combination of both substances diminished ATP-induced relaxation. The presence of P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors in smooth muscle was corroborated by Western blot and confocal images. In conclusion, ATP: (1) produces relaxation by inducing the production of bronchodilator prostaglandins in airway smooth muscle, most likely by acting on P2Y(4) and P2Y(2) receptors; (2) induces I (K) increment through activation of the delayed rectifier K(+) channels and the high-conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels, therefore both channels are implicated in the ATP-induced relaxation; and (3) this I (K) increment is mediated by prostaglandin production which in turns increase cAMP signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Canais de Potássio/fisiologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P2Y/fisiologia , 4-Aminopiridina/farmacologia , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/farmacologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina , Animais , Etilmaleimida/farmacologia , Cobaias , Masculino , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas , Suramina/farmacologia , Traqueia/fisiologia , Triazinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
AIMS: Although 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contracts airway smooth muscle in many mammalian species, in guinea pig and human airways 5-HT causes a contraction followed by relaxation. This study explored potential mechanisms involved in the relaxation induced by 5-HT. MAIN METHODS: Using organ baths, patch clamp, and intracellular Ca(2+) measurement techniques, the effect of 5-HT on guinea pig airway smooth muscle was studied. KEY FINDINGS: A wide range of 5-HT concentrations caused a biphasic response of tracheal rings. Response to 32 microM 5-HT was notably reduced by either tropisetron or methiothepin, and almost abolished by their combination. Incubation with 10 nM ketanserin significantly prevented the relaxing phase. Likewise, incubation with 100 nM charybdotoxin or 320 nM iberiotoxin and at less extent with 10 microM ouabain caused a significant reduction of the relaxing phase induced by 5-HT. Propranolol, L-NAME and 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B)/5-HT(1D) and 5-HT(2B) receptors antagonist did not modify this relaxation. Tracheas from sensitized animals displayed reduced relaxation as compared with controls. In tracheas precontracted with histamine, a concentration response curve to 5-HT (32, 100 and 320 microM) induced relaxation and this effect was abolished by charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin or ketanserin. In single myocytes, 5-HT in the presence of 3 mM 4-AP notably increased the K(+) currents (I(K(Ca))), and they were completely abolished by charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin or ketanserin. SIGNIFICANCE: During the relaxation induced by 5-HT two major mechanisms seem to be involved: stimulation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump, and increasing activity of the high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, probably via 5-HT(2A) receptors.
Assuntos
Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Canais de Potássio Cálcio-Ativados/fisiologia , Sistema Respiratório/citologia , Agonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina , Serotonina/farmacologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/fisiologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Cobaias , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Canais de Potássio Cálcio-Ativados/agonistas , Canais de Potássio Cálcio-Ativados/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Sistema Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Alpha-methyl-5-HT is widely used as a high-affinity 5-HT(2) receptors agonist, though some studies have postulated that this drug also activates other serotonergic receptors. In the present work, we found that a wide range of concentrations of alpha-methyl-5-HT induced biphasic responses (contraction followed by relaxation) in guinea pig tracheal rings. The relaxing phase caused by 32microM alpha-methyl-5-HT was blocked by 0.1microM propranolol. Furthermore, during an ongoing histamine-induced contraction, alpha-methyl-5-HT (0.1-100microM) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation starting at 10microM. This relaxation was fully abolished by 0.1microM propranolol or 1microM ICI 118,551 (a selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist). Additionally, in electrophysiological recordings, 32microM alpha-methyl-5-HT also enhanced the membrane K(+) currents of single tracheal myocytes, an effect reverted by propranolol and ICI 118,551, and mimicked by 0.1microM salbutamol. Thus, we concluded that alpha-methyl-5-HT activates beta(2)-adrenoceptors in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle at concentrations >or=10microM. This effect must be taken into account when this drug is used in airway smooth muscle and in other tissues expressing beta(2)-adrenoceptors.
Assuntos
Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Serotonina/análogos & derivados , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Cafeína/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cobaias , Técnicas In Vitro , Ketanserina/farmacologia , Masculino , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacologia , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Propranolol/farmacologia , Serotonina/farmacologia , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Besides a reduction of L-type Ca2+-currents (Ca(V)1), muscarine and the peptidic M1-selective agonist, MT-1, reduced currents through Ca(V)2.1 (P/Q) and Ca(V)2.2 (N) Ca2+ channel types. This modulation was strongly blocked by the peptide MT-7, a specific muscarinic M1-type receptor antagonist but not significantly reduced by the peptide MT-3, a specific muscarinic M4-type receptor antagonist. Accordingly, MT-7, but not MT-3, blocked a muscarinic reduction of the afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP) and decreased the GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) produced by axon collaterals that interconnect spiny neurons. Both these functions are known to be dependent on P/Q and N types Ca2+ channels. The action on the AHP had an important effect in increasing firing frequency. The action on the IPSCs was shown to be caused presynaptically as it coursed with an increase in the paired-pulse ratio. These results show: first, that muscarinic M1-type receptor activation is the main cholinergic mechanism that modulates Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in spiny neurons. Second, this muscarinic modulation produces a postsynaptic facilitation of discharge together with a presynaptic inhibition of the GABAergic control mediated by axon collaterals. Together, both effects would tend to recruit more spiny neurons for the same task.
Assuntos
Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Caveolinas/fisiologia , Neostriado/citologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Animais , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Caveolina 2 , Caveolinas/classificação , Caveolinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Interações Medicamentosas , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos da radiação , Muscarina/farmacologia , Agonistas Muscarínicos/classificação , Agonistas Muscarínicos/farmacologia , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Muscarínicos/classificação , Receptores Muscarínicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Alteraciones en el metabolismo del calcio y magnesio pueden participar en la patogénesis de la preeclampsia. Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de sodio, potasio, cloro, calcio y magnesio en 15 mujeres con preeclampsia severa y 20 mujeres con embarazos sin complicaciones. Las concentraciones de sodio, potasio y cloro no mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos. Sin embargo, la concentración de magnesio fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres con preeclampsia. No se observaron diferencias en las concentraciones de calcio y en la relación calcio/magnesio. Probablemente un incremento en la concentración de magnesio total afecte algunos mecanismos reguladores dependientes de calcio que ocurren fisiológicamente durante el embarazo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Cálcio , Magnésio , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Eletrólitos , Complicações na GravidezRESUMO
O presente artigo enfatiza a necessidade de ressaltar a importância da pesquisa histórica em enfermagem. Situação que tem o propósito de motivar o permanente desafio da busca das raízes da enfermagem, assim como colocar suas teorias, modelos e desenvolvimento em um contexto atual e coerente com a realidade e com as necessidades do meio no qual o mesmo se desenvolve. isto sugere uma busca que conduza ao descobrimento das diferentes instâncias institucionais, identificando soluções para as múltiplas problemáticas do fazer do enfermeiro, o que constitui uma questão consistente e contínua na história. Se propõe a implementação de processos investigativos históricos que possam ser projetados para o futuro, favorecendo uma reformulação de informações para compor uma base de dados, suficiente, capaz de fundamentar o trabalho profissional e de garantir sua legitimidade e autonomia, atribuindo significado e confiabilidade ao trabalho profissional.