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The impact of migratory movements is, worldwide, an emerging theme for nursing because of the health implications of individuals and their migrant or refugee families. These movements, whether voluntary or involuntary, are motivated by social, economic, cultural, religious or environmental factors.1International migration is a concern for achieving the goals of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and it is estimated that 258 million people live in a country other than their birth, of which 68.5 million are refugees and represents an increase of 49% since 2000.2The terms migrants and refugees are used interchangeably, but their meanings are different. Refugees are out of their country of origin because they fear persecution, conflict, violence or other circumstances that impose the need for "international protection." Already, migrant individuals live a voluntary process; for example, someone who crosses a border in search of better economic opportunities.3These movements bring significant socio-cultural impacts related to the abandonment of material goods; loss of employment; undocumented status, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, the process of acculturation involves the rupture of social networks, changes in the way of life, uprooting, humiliation and the sensation of not belonging to any place. These are barriers that influence the level of health of families.4

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate, via scanning electron microscopy, the micromorphology of the dentine walls of primary anterior teeth with focus on the presence of the smear layer after endodontic debridement and final irrigation with different systems. METHODS: Thirty primary maxillary anterior teeth were assigned to 3 groups according to the final irrigant solution. Group 1 received 1% sodium hypochlorite; Group 2 received 17% EDTA followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite; and Group 3 received 6% citric acid followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite. The canals were debrided using 1% sodium hypochlorite to a size 30 file, and the final irrigation was performed with one of the 3 irrigants as assigned. The teeth were prepared for examination of the canal walls by electron microscopy for the presence or absence of the smear layer. RESULTS: Group 1 had significantly higher scores for remaining smear layer than Groups 2 and 3 (P<.01), while Groups 2 and 3 presented similar smear layer score values. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hypochlorite promoted the formation of a smear layer during shaping, and the use of EDTA and citric acid facilitated smear layer removal.

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Se describe a los dientes supernumerarios o hiperodoncia como el aumento del número de órganos dentarios comparado con la dentición normal. Todos los dientes supernumerarios deben ser extraídos, respetando el momento ideal para su remoción quirúrgica, evaluando siempre el momento oportuno para intervenir. En el presente trabajo las autoras presentan un caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino, que tuvo un seguimiento durante cinco años a partir de los 6 meses de edad asistida en el Curso de Extensión Universitaria Bebé Clínica de la Universidad Federal de Río Grande del Sur. Durante sus visitas periódicas de revisión odontológica correspondientes al programa de la Bebé Clínica, se diagnosticó clínicamente la presencia de mordida cruzada anterior, atresia maxilar y radiográficamente la presencia de dos elementos supernumerarios. Frente a ese diagnóstico, es necesario un planeamiento multidisciplinario, o sea, orto-quirúrgico para la realización del tratamiento, destacando una vez más, la importancia de la atención odontológica del bebé y el diagnóstico precoz de posibles alteraciones como en el caso clínico en cuestión: la presencia de elementos supernumerarios y maloclusión dentaria.

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Objetivando-se reavaliar as áreas endêmicas primárias de febre aftosa em Minas Gerais, partiu-se do pressuposto que as formas de organizaçäo da produçäo pecuária säo determinantes na configuraçäo dos ecossistemas da enfermidade. A caracterizaçäo dos principais componentes estruturais do ecossistema regional, visando estabelecer relaçöes entre tais componentes e o comportamento epidemiológico da enfermidade, foi realizada através da análise de indicadores econômicos, demográficos e ecológicos. Constatou-se que a regiäo endêmica primária apresenta três conglomerados distintos, sendo o primeiro formado pela microrregiäo homogênea de Chapadöes do Paracatu, classificada como regiäo extrativa extensiva de cria. O segundo conglomerado abrange as microrregiöes homogêneas de Pastoril de Almenara, Pastoril de Pedra Azul e Teófilo Otoni, caracterizadas como áreas pré-empresariais de cria. O último conglomerado é composto pela microrregiäo de Pastoril de Nanuque, definida como área de ciclo completo para corte, microrregiäo homogênea de Mantena e parte da microrregiäo de Mata de Caratinga, ambas sinalizando para formas familiares de ciclo completo. Reafirmou-se que as áreas endêmicas primárias mantém o vírus de forma contínua e persistente em funçäo da dinâmica populacional bovinas nestas regiöes

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The effects of sublingual nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate on oesophageal emptying were compared in 11 patients with Chagasic achalasia. The oesophageal emptying of a radiolabelled test meal was assessed three times in each patient by a scintigraphic technique. No treatment preceded one of the studies (basal study). Nifedipine (20 mg) by the sublingual route 30 min before the meal, preceded one study. Isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg by the sublingual route 5 min before the meal, preceded the third study. The order of the studies was allocated randomly for each patient. Oesophageal retention at the completion of the meal was significantly less (P less than 0.01) after isosorbide dinitrate (median: 54%, range: 5-87%) than after sublingual nifedipine (median: 78%, range: 7-99%) or after the control study (median: 83%, range: 5-100%). This difference persisted up to 20 min after the meal. Values measured in the control study and after sublingual nifedipine were not different (P greater than 0.10). These results show that isosorbide dinitrate, but not sublingual nifedipine, enhances oesophageal emptying in Chagasic achalasia.

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The mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Lam, 1819) was used as an indicator of organochloride pollutants in the Canoas River, located in the municipality of Mococa (21 degrees 25'08''S and 47 degrees W), State of São Paulo, Brazil. Biological monitoring was performed for one year at the site of an orange grove on the left bank of the river. Forty-five animals were placed in aluminum enclosures on the river bottom at this site and 4 animals were sacrificed for pesticide analysis at 3-month intervals, each corresponding to one season of the year. Pesticides were extracted by the method of Bedford et al., (1968), modified, and the analyses were performed by gas phase chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The animals were found to have been exposed to DDT, Lindane and Heptachlor. Variation in Aldrin and Dieldrin levels was not significant enough to permit inferences. Endrin was not detected in any of the analyses.

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