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[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar e sintetizar evidências sobre efetividade e custo-efetividade da metodologia Aedes com Wolbachia para redução dos casos de arboviroses. Método. Revisão sistemática rápida, com busca realizada em fevereiro de 2022 em cinco portais de busca e bases de dados bibliográficas online. As etapas de seleção foram conduzidas por dois revisores, com resolução de conflitos por um terceiro. A extração dos dados foi feita por um revisor e conferida posteriormente por outro. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com descrição de custo-efetividade e efetividade da metodologia Aedes com Wolbachia, a partir de intervenções em campo, publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, sem restrição de data de publicação. Resultados. Foram incluídos quatro estudos, sendo um ensaio randomizado em cluster, dois quaseexperimental e um antes-depois, publicados entre 2019 e 2021 em quatro países. Os estudos encontrados tiveram resultados efetivos em alguns dos desfechos avaliados, como na diminuição da incidência de casos de dengue, Zika e chikungunya. Apesar de não terem sido identificados estudos experimentais abordando custo-efetividade da estratégia Aedes com Wolbachia, alguns estudos de modelagem demonstraram um potencial custo-benefício desta estratégia. Conclusão. Considerando os resultados apresentados, conclui-se que a Wolbachia apresenta potencial para ser uma estratégia economicamente efetiva e que leva à redução da incidência de casos de dengue, Zika e chikungunya. Apesar disso, não é possível, todavia, recomendar a estratégia como política pública, pois ainda são necessários mais estudos de grande porte e de alta qualidade metodológica para subsidiar a tomada de decisão política.
[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify and synthesize evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Wolbachia- Aedes methodology for reducing cases of arboviral infection. Methodology. Rapid systematic review. A search of five online portals and bibliographic databases was conducted in February 2022. Two reviewers conducted the selection stages, with any disagreements resolved by a third investigator. Data were extracted by one reviewer and subsequently checked by another. The inclusion criteria were studies describing the cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of the Wolbachia-Aedes methodology, based on field interventions, published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no restrictions on date of publication. Results. Four studies were included: one cluster randomized trial, two quasi-experimental studies, and one pre-post study, published between 2019 and 2021 in four countries. The included studies reported effectiveness for some of the outcomes of interest, such as a reduction in the incidence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya cases. Although no experimental studies addressing the cost-effectiveness of the Wolbachia- Aedes strategy were identified, some modeling studies have demonstrated potential cost-benefit of this methodology. Conclusion. Considering the results of the included studies, Wolbachia has the potential to be an economically effective strategy that leads to reductions in the incidence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Nevertheless, this strategy cannot yet be recommended as a public policy; additional large-scale studies with high methodological quality are still needed to inform political decision-making.
[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Señalar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre efectividad y costo-efectividad de la metodología de control de Aedes con Wolbachia para reducir los casos de arbovirosis. Método. Revisión sistemática rápida, con una búsqueda realizada en febrero del 2022 en cinco portales de búsqueda y bases de datos bibliográficas en línea. Las fases de selección estuvieron a cargo de dos revisores y la resolución de conflictos se asignó a un tercero. Un revisor extrajo los datos y luego otro los verificó. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios que describieran la efectividad y la relación costo-efectividad de la metodología de control de Aedes con Wolbachia, basados en intervenciones sobre el terreno, publicados en portugués, inglés o español, sin restricciones en cuanto a la fecha de publicación. Resultados. Se incluyeron cuatro estudios, un ensayo aleatorizado por conglomerados, dos estudios cuasiexperimentales y uno de tipo antes-después, publicados entre el 2019 y el 2021 en cuatro países. En los estudios se obtuvieron resultados de efectividad en algunos de los criterios de valoración evaluados, como la reducción de la incidencia de casos de dengue, enfermedad de Zika y chikunguña. Aunque no se han encontrado estudios experimentales que aborden la costo-efectividad de la estrategia de control de Aedes con Wolbachia, algunos estudios de modelización han demostrado el posible costo-beneficio de esta estrategia. Conclusión. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados presentados, se puede concluir que la estrategia de control con Wolbachia tiene potencial para ser económicamente efectiva y conducir a una reducción de la incidencia de casos de dengue, enfermedad de Zika y chikunguña. Sin embargo, a pesar de ello, no es posible recomendar la estrategia como política pública, puesto que se requieren todavía más estudios a gran escala y de gran calidad metodológica para apoyar la toma de decisiones en materia de políticas.
Assuntos
Wolbachia , Arbovírus , Revisão , Política Informada por Evidências , Arbovírus , Revisão , Política Informada por Evidências , Arbovírus , Revisão , Política Informada por EvidênciasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Nut-enriched diets are related to improve lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in meta-analyses in the context of primary cardiovascular prevention. However, primary studies on secondary cardiovascular prevention are scarce and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of nut supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profiles in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the frequency of adverse events. METHODS: Six databases were used for research: PubMed, EMBASE, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to compare nut-enriched diets vs. control diets for pre-post intervention changes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the evidence's certainty. RESULTS: From the 5187 records identified, eight publications containing data referring to five randomized clinical trials involving 439 participants were included in the final analyses. The nuts evaluated were almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, and mixed nuts, with doses ranging between 5 g and 85 g (median: 30 g/day). The intervention time varied between 6 and 12 weeks. Compared to nut-free diets, nut intake did not have a statistically significant effect on lipid profile biomarkers, except on the atherogenic index (MD: -0.32 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.06], I2 = 0% - moderate certainty of the evidence). Similarly, there was no effect of nuts on inflammatory profile biomarkers. It was not possible to aggregate data on adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Nut supplementation did not change lipid and inflammatory profiles in the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Biomarcadores , Inflamação , Lipídeos , Nozes , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Lipídeos/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Dieta/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controleRESUMO
CONTEXT: Nut-enriched diets have a positive impact on cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. However, studies in individuals undergoing secondary cardiovascular prevention show controversial results. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the effect of nut supplementation on anthropometric, glycemic, and blood pressure indices in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as the frequency of adverse events. DATA SOURCES: Six databases were used for the search-PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saude), Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov-until February 2023, with no language restrictions. DATA EXTRACTION: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions methodology and the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Setting/design) strategy were used. Seven independent reviewers were involved in data extraction and resolution of disagreements. Certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. DATA ANALYSIS: From 5187 records identified, 6 publications containing data referring to 5 randomized clinical trials (n = 436) were included in the final analyses. The nuts evaluated were almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, and mixed nuts, with portions that varied between 5 g and 85 g (median: 30 g/day). The intervention period varied between 6 and 12 weeks. The nuts had no effect on fasting glucose and anthropometric indices, although the certainty of the evidence for most of these outcomes was low or very low. They also had no effect on systolic (mean difference [MD]: -1.16 mmHg [95% CI, -5.68 to 3.35], I2 = 0%-moderate certainty of evidence) or diastolic (MD: 0.10 mmHg [95% CI, -2.30 to 2.51], I2 = 0%-high certainty of evidence) blood pressure. It was not possible to aggregate data on adverse events. CONCLUSION: Nut supplementation had no effect on blood pressure, fasting glucose, or anthropometric profile in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020163456.
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Objective: To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of hospital transition care in the elderly to support decision-making. Method: This rapid systematic review followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Studies were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases using the following criteria: focus on the elderly as population; provision of hospital transition care as intervention; care as usual (non-transition care) as comparator; and effectiveness of the presence vs. absence of transition care as the outcome, with effectiveness defined as improvement in any evaluated parameter. Systematic reviews published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with or without meta-analysis, that assessed hospital transition care in elderly individuals were included. Studies lacking a description of the intervention and target population were excluded. Results: Of the 207 identified reviews, 18 were included. The studies were conducted in 21 countries, with 10 studies conducted in Europe and one in Brazil. The effectiveness of care for the elderly was demonstrated through increased adherence to medication regimens, reduced adverse events and medication-related errors, improved functional status, reduced falls, and reduced healthcare costs. Conclusions: Despite the evidence indicating the effectiveness of hospital transition care, further research is needed to develop more robust indicators of clinical improvement and integration into healthcare systems.
Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de la atención transitoria prestada a las personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria con el fin de ayudar a los gerentes en la toma de decisiones. Métodos: En esta revisión sistemática rápida se siguieron las recomendaciones del Grupo Cochrane de Métodos de Revisiones Rápidas y se seleccionaron estudios en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Cochrane y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Para la selección de los estudios se consideraron los siguientes criterios: como población, personas mayores; como intervención, la prestación de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; como comparador, la ausencia de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; y como resultado, la eficacia del uso frente a la falta de uso de la atención transitoria, tomando como definición de eficacia la mejora de cualquier parámetro evaluado. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en español, inglés o portugués, con o sin metanálisis, en las cuales se evaluara la atención transitoria prestada a personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria y se excluyeron los estudios sin descripción de la intervención o del público destinatario correspondientes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 de las 207 revisiones halladas. Los estudios se habían realizado en 21 países (10 estudios en Europa y uno en Brasil). Se demostró la eficacia de la atención prestada a las personas mayores en cuanto a una mayor observancia de los tratamientos farmacológicos, una reducción del número de eventos adversos y errores en el uso de los medicamentos, una mejora del estado funcional de las personas mayores, una disminución de las caídas y un menor costo de la atención. Conclusiones: A pesar de haberse comprobado la eficacia de la atención transitoria, se necesitan nuevas investigaciones para elaborar indicadores más sólidos de la mejora clínica y de la integración en los sistemas de salud.
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[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Sintetizar as evidências de efetividade dos cuidados de transição em idosos após alta hospitalar para subsidiar gestores para a tomada de decisão. Métodos. Esta revisão sistemática rápida seguiu as recomendações do Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group e selecionou estudos nas bases de dados Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para selecionar os estudos, foram considerados: como população, indivíduos idosos; como intervenção, a realização de cuidados de transição após alta hospitalar; como comparador, a ausência de cuidado de transição após alta hospitalar; e como desfecho, a efetividade da presença vs. ausência de cuidados de transição, sendo efetividade definida como a melhora em qualquer parâmetro avaliado. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas publicadas em português, inglês ou espanhol, com ou sem metanálise, que avaliaram os cuidados de transição para idosos após alta hospitalar; e excluídos estudos sem descrição da intervenção e do público-alvo. Resultados. Das 207 revisões identificadas, 18 foram incluídas. Os estudos foram realizados em 21 países, sendo 10 estudos desenvolvidos na Europa e um no Brasil. A efetividade dos cuidados com os idosos foi demonstrada por maior adesão aos tratamentos medicamentosos, redução dos eventos adversos e dos erros relacionados aos medicamentos, melhora do estado funcional nos idosos, redução de quedas e redução dos custos no cuidado. Conclusões. Apesar das evidências que indicam a efetividade dos cuidados de transição, novas pesquisas são necessárias para desenvolver indicadores mais robustos de melhora clínica e integração aos sistemas de saúde.
[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of hospital transition care in the elderly to support decision-making. Method. This rapid systematic review followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Studies were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases using the following criteria: focus on the elderly as population; provision of hospital transition care as intervention; care as usual (non-transition care) as comparator; and effectiveness of the presence vs. absence of transition care as the outcome, with effectiveness defined as improvement in any evaluated parameter. Systematic reviews published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with or without meta-analysis, that assessed hospital transition care in elderly individuals were included. Studies lacking a description of the intervention and target population were excluded. Results. Of the 207 identified reviews, 18 were included. The studies were conducted in 21 countries, with 10 studies conducted in Europe and one in Brazil. The effectiveness of care for the elderly was demonstrated through increased adherence to medication regimens, reduced adverse events and medication-related errors, improved functional status, reduced falls, and reduced healthcare costs. Conclusions. Despite the evidence indicating the effectiveness of hospital transition care, further research is needed to develop more robust indicators of clinical improvement and integration into healthcare systems.
[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de la atención transitoria prestada a las personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria con el fin de ayudar a los gerentes en la toma de decisiones. Métodos. En esta revisión sistemática rápida se siguieron las recomendaciones del Grupo Cochrane de Métodos de Revisiones Rápidas y se seleccionaron estudios en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Cochrane y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Para la selección de los estudios se consideraron los siguientes criterios: como población, personas mayores; como intervención, la prestación de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; como comparador, la ausencia de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; y como resultado, la eficacia del uso frente a la falta de uso de la atención transitoria, tomando como definición de eficacia la mejora de cualquier parámetro evaluado. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en español, inglés o portugués, con o sin metanálisis, en las cuales se evaluara la atención transitoria prestada a personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria y se excluyeron los estudios sin descripción de la interven- ción o del público destinatario correspondientes. Resultados. Se incluyeron 18 de las 207 revisiones halladas. Los estudios se habían realizado en 21 países (10 estudios en Europa y uno en Brasil). Se demostró la eficacia de la atención prestada a las personas mayo- res en cuanto a una mayor observancia de los tratamientos farmacológicos, una reducción del número de eventos adversos y errores en el uso de los medicamentos, una mejora del estado funcional de las personas mayores, una disminución de las caídas y un menor costo de la atención. Conclusiones. A pesar de haberse comprobado la eficacia de la atención transitoria, se necesitan nuevas investigaciones para elaborar indicadores más sólidos de la mejora clínica y de la integración en los sistemas de salud.
Assuntos
Cuidado Transicional , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Política de Saúde , Efetividade , Cuidado Transicional , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Política de Saúde , Efetividade , Cuidado Transicional , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Política de Saúde , EfetividadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Atypical antipsychotics have been studied to treat autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, like little is known about whether these drugs are effective and safe when compared in controlled and non-controlled settings. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in ASD in randomised controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review will include RCT and prospective cohorts evaluating second-generation antipsychotics in people 5 years and older diagnosed with ASD. Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, CINAHL, PsycINFO, trial registries and grey literature databases without restriction on publication status, year of publication and language. The primary outcomes will be symptoms of aggressive behaviour, quality of life for the individual or their careers, and discontinuation or dropouts/withdrawals of antipsychotics due to adverse events. The secondary outcomes are other not serious adverse events and adherence to pharmacotherapy. Selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed by pairs of reviewers, independently. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. If appropriate, a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the results. The overall quality of the evidence for each outcome will be determined by the Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will systematically summarise the existing evidence evaluating the use of second-generation antipsychotics for treating ASD, in controlled and uncontrolled studies. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022353795.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Humanos , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/tratamento farmacológico , Viés , Metanálise como Assunto , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo. Sintetizar as evidências de efetividade dos cuidados de transição em idosos após alta hospitalar para subsidiar gestores para a tomada de decisão. Métodos. Esta revisão sistemática rápida seguiu as recomendações do Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group e selecionou estudos nas bases de dados Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para selecionar os estudos, foram considerados: como população, indivíduos idosos; como intervenção, a realização de cuidados de transição após alta hospitalar; como comparador, a ausência de cuidado de transição após alta hospitalar; e como desfecho, a efetividade da presença vs. ausência de cuidados de transição, sendo efetividade definida como a melhora em qualquer parâmetro avaliado. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas publicadas em português, inglês ou espanhol, com ou sem metanálise, que avaliaram os cuidados de transição para idosos após alta hospitalar; e excluídos estudos sem descrição da intervenção e do público-alvo. Resultados. Das 207 revisões identificadas, 18 foram incluídas. Os estudos foram realizados em 21 países, sendo 10 estudos desenvolvidos na Europa e um no Brasil. A efetividade dos cuidados com os idosos foi demonstrada por maior adesão aos tratamentos medicamentosos, redução dos eventos adversos e dos erros relacionados aos medicamentos, melhora do estado funcional nos idosos, redução de quedas e redução dos custos no cuidado. Conclusões. Apesar das evidências que indicam a efetividade dos cuidados de transição, novas pesquisas são necessárias para desenvolver indicadores mais robustos de melhora clínica e integração aos sistemas de saúde.
ABSTRACT Objective. To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of hospital transition care in the elderly to support decision-making. Method. This rapid systematic review followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Studies were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases using the following criteria: focus on the elderly as population; provision of hospital transition care as intervention; care as usual (non-transition care) as comparator; and effectiveness of the presence vs. absence of transition care as the outcome, with effectiveness defined as improvement in any evaluated parameter. Systematic reviews published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with or without meta-analysis, that assessed hospital transition care in elderly individuals were included. Studies lacking a description of the intervention and target population were excluded. Results. Of the 207 identified reviews, 18 were included. The studies were conducted in 21 countries, with 10 studies conducted in Europe and one in Brazil. The effectiveness of care for the elderly was demonstrated through increased adherence to medication regimens, reduced adverse events and medication-related errors, improved functional status, reduced falls, and reduced healthcare costs. Conclusions. Despite the evidence indicating the effectiveness of hospital transition care, further research is needed to develop more robust indicators of clinical improvement and integration into healthcare systems.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de la atención transitoria prestada a las personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria con el fin de ayudar a los gerentes en la toma de decisiones. Métodos. En esta revisión sistemática rápida se siguieron las recomendaciones del Grupo Cochrane de Métodos de Revisiones Rápidas y se seleccionaron estudios en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Cochrane y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Para la selección de los estudios se consideraron los siguientes criterios: como población, personas mayores; como intervención, la prestación de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; como comparador, la ausencia de atención transitoria después del alta hospitalaria; y como resultado, la eficacia del uso frente a la falta de uso de la atención transitoria, tomando como definición de eficacia la mejora de cualquier parámetro evaluado. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en español, inglés o portugués, con o sin metanálisis, en las cuales se evaluara la atención transitoria prestada a personas mayores después del alta hospitalaria y se excluyeron los estudios sin descripción de la intervención o del público destinatario correspondientes. Resultados. Se incluyeron 18 de las 207 revisiones halladas. Los estudios se habían realizado en 21 países (10 estudios en Europa y uno en Brasil). Se demostró la eficacia de la atención prestada a las personas mayores en cuanto a una mayor observancia de los tratamientos farmacológicos, una reducción del número de eventos adversos y errores en el uso de los medicamentos, una mejora del estado funcional de las personas mayores, una disminución de las caídas y un menor costo de la atención. Conclusiones. A pesar de haberse comprobado la eficacia de la atención transitoria, se necesitan nuevas investigaciones para elaborar indicadores más sólidos de la mejora clínica y de la integración en los sistemas de salud.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires a complex and organized care that includes patient's lifestyle change. Additionally, emotional well-being is an important part of self-management, and it may impair the individual's adherence. Therefore, equipping the patients with the necessary coping and self-care techniques may be an important step in managing diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of interventions using established mindfulness-based protocols on glycemic control of individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Data sources: Two electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched from inception to December 2019. We limited our search to published studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials that assessed the effects of mindfulness in individuals with T2DM were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included trials. Data were pooled using inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS: Four randomized trials were included. There were no differences in blood glucose change (mean difference between groups (MD) -0.73mg/dl; 95% CI, -10.49; 9.02; I2 =0%; very low quality of evidence) or glycated hemoglobin (MD 0.05%; 95%CI -0.22 to 0.32; I2 =29%; very low quality of evidence). CONCLUSION: Although the quality of current evidence is very low, our findings suggest that established protocols involving mindfulness have no effect on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin in individuals with T2DM. Indeed, large-scale trials are needed to evaluate the contribution of mindfulness to glycemic control in clinical practice. PROSPERO Registration ID: RD42020161940.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Atenção Plena , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Autogestão , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To assess whether use of low-chloride solutions in unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients for maintenance or resuscitation reduces mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use when compared to high-chloride fluids. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis with random-effects inverse variance model. PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2016. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language that enrolled critically ill and/or perioperative adult patients and compared a low- to a highchloride solution for volume maintenance or resuscitation. The primary outcomes were mortality and RRT use. We conducted trial sequential analyses and assessed risk of bias of individual trials and the overall quality of evidence. Fifteen trials with 4067 patients, most at low risk of bias, were identified. Of those, only 11 and 10 trials had data on mortality and RRT use, respectively. A total of 3710 patients were included in the mortality analysis and 3724 in the RRT analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant impact on mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.17; P = .44; I = 0%) or RRT use (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.58; P = .52; I = 0%) was found. Overall quality of evidence was low for both primary outcomes. Trial sequential analyses highlighted that the sample size needed was much larger than that available for properly powered outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence on low- versus high-chloride solutions for unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients demonstrates no benefit, but suffers from considerable imprecision. We noted a limited exposure volume for study fluids and a relatively low risk of the populations in each study. Together with the relatively small pooled sample size, these data leave us underpowered to detect potentially important differences. Results from well-conducted, adequately powered randomized controlled trials examining sufficiently large fluid exposure are necessary.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Administração Intravenosa , Adulto , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Composição de Medicamentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Assistência Perioperatória/tendências , Soluções Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Soluções Farmacêuticas/química , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/epidemiologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of vasoconstrictors combined with local anaesthetics (LAs) in dentistry for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial in the scientific literature. It raises concerns regarding the possibility of transient episodes, triggering negative cardiovascular outcomes. METHOD/DESIGN: Trials eligible for our systematic review will enrol patients with CVD who have undergone dental treatments carried out with the use of LAs by comparing two arms: LAs with vasoconstrictors and LAs without vasoconstrictors. The research will be conducted in the electronic databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Healthstar (via Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science, from their inception to December 2017, without any restrictions in terms of language and status of publication. A team of reviewers will independently assess titles, abstracts and complete text to determine eligibility. For eligible studies, the same reviewers will perform data extraction and evaluate the risk of bias in the selected articles. The selected outcomes comprise death, mortality by a specific cause, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, hospitalisation, pain, bleeding, arrhythmias, ischaemic episodes, anxiety, adverse effects, changes in blood pressure, changes in heart rate, anxiety and results obtained via oximetry. Whenever possible, we will conduct a meta-analysis to establish the effects of LAs with and without vasoconstrictors in the patients with CVD, and the overall quality of evidence for each outcome will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation classification system. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics committee approval was not necessary because this is a protocol of systematic review. This systematic review will be submitted for presentation at conferences and for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Our review will assess the risks of cardiovascular events when using LAs with and without vasoconstrictors in patients with CVD, focusing on important clinical outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016045421.
Assuntos
Anestesia Local/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dentística Operatória/métodos , Vasoconstritores/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests statins may reduce major perioperative vascular events. However, evidence is limited to observational studies, underpowered trials, and non-comprehensive systematic reviews. This review aims to assess the effects of perioperative statin use on cardiovascular complications in patients submitted to non-cardiac surgery. METHODS: We will search MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAHL for randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of perioperative statin use in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery and reporting cardiovascular complications. For patients already using statins for hyperlipidemia, a preoperative loading dose of statin is required in the experimental group. We will place no language or publication restriction on our search. Teams of two reviewers will independently assess eligibility and risk of bias, and will extract data from the included trials. Our primary outcome is a combination of cardiovascular mortality or non-fatal myocardial infarction. We will also assess the following outcomes: individual components of the primary outcome, all-cause mortality, total myocardial infarction, elevated troponin in the first seven postoperative days, total stroke, total venous thromboembolism, postoperative atrial fibrillation, elevation of creatine phosphokinase or liver enzymes, and rates of myalgia or rhabdomyolysis. We will conduct meta-analyses using random-effects model and will use trial sequential analysis to establish monitoring boundaries to limit global type I error due to repetitive testing for our primary outcome. We will rate the quality of evidence using the GRADE system. DISCUSSION: The results of this systematic review may help to inform clinical practice and also the design of future large-scale randomized trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016035987.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Assistência Perioperatória/normas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico é uma doença inflamatória crônica, de causa desconhecida e característica autoimune. O desenvolvimento da doença tem sido relacionado à predisposição genética, fatores ambientais e hormonais, sendo que 90% dos pacientes são mulheres. Em 2012, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) concedeu o registro do belimumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal indicado como adjuvante em pacientes adultos com lúpus e falta de resposta ao tratamento padrão (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides glicocorticoides, antimaláricos e imunossupressores).
Assuntos
Humanos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Anticorpos MonoclonaisRESUMO
A partir da demanda da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulofoi realizado um Parecer Técnico Científico para analisar a eficácia do denosumabe, fármaco utilizado no tratamento da osteoporose que não foi incorporado pelo SUS, mas que é distribuído atualmente por meio de demandas judiciais ou administrativas. Comparou-se esse fármaco aos bisfosfonatos, medicamentos padrão distribuídos pelo SUS. Foram identificadas duas revisões sistemáticas que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão.
Assuntos
Humanos , Osteoporose , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , DenosumabAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Cirurgia Geral , Lactente , Freio Lingual , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Aleitamento MaternoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: O impacto do uso do ultrassom intracoronariano (USIC) na implantação de stents tem resultados inconclusivos. OBJETIVO: Revisão sistemática, com metanálise, do impacto do USIC na implantação de stents quanto à evolução clínica e angiográfica. MÉTODOS: Efetuada busca nas bases Medline/Pubmed, CENTRAL, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science. Incluídos estudos clínicos randomizados (ECR) que avaliaram o implante de stents, orientados pela USIC, comparados com aqueles utilizando a angiografia isoladamente (ANGIO). O intervalo mínimo de acompanhamento foi de seis meses, avaliados os desfechos: trombose, mortalidade, infarto do miocárdio, revascularização percutânea e cirúrgica, eventos cardiovasculares maiores (ECVM) e reestenose. Os desfechos binários foram apresentados considerando o número de eventos em cada grupo; as estimativas foram geradas por um modelo de efeitos aleatórios, considerando a estatística de Mantel-Haenzel como ponderadora e magnitude de efeito ao risco relativo (RR) com seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Para quantificação da consistência entre os resultados de cada estudo, utilizou-se o teste de inconsistência I² de Higgins. RESULTADOS: Avaliados 2.689 artigos, incluídos 8 ECR. Houve redução de 27% na reestenose angiográfica (RR: 0,73; IC 95%: 0,54 - 0,97; I² = 51%) e redução estatisticamente significativa nas taxas de revascularizações percutânea e geral (RR: 0,88; IC 95%: 0,51 - 1,53; I² = 61% e RR: 0,73; IC 95%: 0,54 - 0,99; I² = 55%), sem diferença estatística na revascularização cirúrgica (RR: 0,95; IC 95%: 0,52 - 1,74; I² = 0%) em favor do USIC vs. ANGIO. Não foram observadas diferenças nos demais desfechos na comparação entre as duas estratégias. CONCLUSÃO: Angioplastias com implante de stents guiadas por USIC reduzem taxas de reestenose e de revascularizações, não tendo impacto nos desfechos ECVM, infarto agudo do miocárdio, mortalidade ou trombose.
BACKGROUND: The impact of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use on stenting has shown inconclusive results. OBJECTIVE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of IVUS on stenting regarding the clinical and angiographic evolution. METHODS: A search was performed in Medline/Pubmed, CENTRAL, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science databases. It included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the implantation of stents guided by IVUS, compared with those using angiography alone (ANGIO). The minimum follow-up duration was six months and the following outcomes were assessed: thrombosis, mortality, myocardial infarction, percutaneous and surgical revascularization, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and restenosis. The binary outcomes were presented considering the number of events in each group; the estimates were generated by a random effects model, considering Mantel-Haenszel statistics as weighting agent and magnitude of effect for the relative risk (RR) with its respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Higgins I² test was used to quantify the consistency between the results of each study. RESULTS: A total of 2,689 articles were evaluated, including 8 RCTs. There was a 27% reduction in angiographic restenosis (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97, I² = 51%) and statistically significant reduction in the rates of percutaneous revascularization and overall (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.53, I² = 61%, RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.99, I² = 55%), with no statistical difference in surgical revascularization (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.52-1.74, I² = 0%) in favor of IVUS vs. ANGIO. There were no differences regarding the other outcomes in the comparison between the two strategies. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty with stenting guided by IVUS decreases the rates of restenosis and revascularization, with no impact on MACE, acute myocardial infarction, mortality or thrombosis outcomes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Stents Farmacológicos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The impact of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use on stenting has shown inconclusive results. OBJECTIVE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of IVUS on stenting regarding the clinical and angiographic evolution. METHODS: A search was performed in Medline/Pubmed, CENTRAL, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science databases. It included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the implantation of stents guided by IVUS, compared with those using angiography alone (ANGIO). The minimum follow-up duration was six months and the following outcomes were assessed: thrombosis, mortality, myocardial infarction, percutaneous and surgical revascularization, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and restenosis. The binary outcomes were presented considering the number of events in each group; the estimates were generated by a random effects model, considering Mantel-Haenszel statistics as weighting agent and magnitude of effect for the relative risk (RR) with its respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Higgins I² test was used to quantify the consistency between the results of each study. RESULTS: A total of 2,689 articles were evaluated, including 8 RCTs. There was a 27% reduction in angiographic restenosis (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97, I² = 51%) and statistically significant reduction in the rates of percutaneous revascularization and overall (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.53, I² = 61%, RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.99, I² = 55%), with no statistical difference in surgical revascularization (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.52-1.74, I² = 0%) in favor of IVUS vs. ANGIO. There were no differences regarding the other outcomes in the comparison between the two strategies. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty with stenting guided by IVUS decreases the rates of restenosis and revascularization, with no impact on MACE, acute myocardial infarction, mortality or thrombosis outcomes.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Stents Farmacológicos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Humanos , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Tight control of blood glucose reduces cardiovascular events and total mortality is conflicting. To summarize clinical effects of tight versus conventional glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Knowledge with no limits of language and time. Further trials were searched from the reference lists of identified studies. We included randomized controlled comparing different levels of blood glucose control intensity in type 2 diabetic patients. Two independent reviewers extracted data of eligible studies using standard case report forms. We investigated total mortality, cardiovascular and microvascular events, and hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. We used random-effects models to obtain relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 6 trials involving 27,654 patients. There was no significant effect of tight blood glucose control on all-cause mortality (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.90-1.17) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.83-1.29). Tight glucose control reduced the risk for nonfatal MI (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.95), although had no effect on the incidence of nonfatal stroke (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.88-1.17). For microvascular events, tight glucose control reduced the risk progression of retinopathy (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.91), incidence of peripheral neuropathy (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99), and progression of nephropathy (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37-0.80), but had not significant effect on the incidence of nephropathy (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.42-1.14). The risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with tight glucose control (RR 2.39; 95% CI 1.79-3.18). Tight blood glucose control reduces the risk for some macrovascular and microvascular events, without effect on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Tight glucose control increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia.