RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and most common primary brain tumour worldwide. This study was undertaken to investigate the demographics of this tumour in Jamaica as there is to date no such published data. Data from the recently started Intracranial Tumour Registry (ITR) at the University Hospital of the West Indies was used. METHODS: All cases of GBM entered into the ITR between 2005 and 2012 were gathered. Of these, only patients with pathologically proven diagnoses were entered into the study. Demographic data, including age and gender, were recorded. The distribution of the tumours by anatomic location was also documented. RESULTS: Of the 602 patients entered into the ITR up to that time, 42 were found to have histologically proven GBM with a male to female ratio of 2.2:1. There was an age range of 8-92 years with a mean age of diagnosis of 48 years. The majority of the tumours (66.7%) occurred in the left cerebral hemisphere with the most common lobe being the temporal lobe. Two patients (4.8%) had lesions spanning both hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study reveals that there is a similar gender distribution of GBM within our population compared with the rest of the world. It, however, revealed that the mean age of diagnosis in our population (48 years) is lower than that quoted in the worldwide literature (53 to 64 years). One possible explanation for this is the possibility that many of our GBMs are actually secondary tumours which are thought to arise from less malignant, undiagnosed precursors. The percentage of GBMs occurring in the paediatric population was similar to the rest of the world.
RESUMO
Trauma remains a challenging burden on the often under-funded healthcare systems of developing countries. Ten-year data from the Jamaica Trauma Registry show that trauma accounts for 20% of surgical admissions, with close to 50% being intentional and with a 5% mortality. There is a good opportunity for various preventive programmes to be instituted to reduce the burden of this disease.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of trans-thoracic ultrasound (TTUS) in patients with chest trauma and potential cardiac injuries and to determine the outcome of patients with cardiac injury detected on TTUS. METHOD: Data were obtained from the Trauma Registry for all patients presenting alive to the University Hospital of the West Indies during the 10-year period commencing January 1, 2001 and who were subjected to a TTUS or emergency thoracotomy for cardiac injuries, or had cardiac injuries at postmortem. In addition to demographics, variables analysed included mechanism and site of injury and outcome. RESULTS: Of 405 patients being subjected to a TTUS during the period, 12 (3%) had cardiac injuries. During the same period, 63 patients in the Trauma Registry had proven cardiac injuries. Trans-thoracic ultrasound was thus conducted on 19% of all patients with cardiac injuries. Three patients had positive TTUS but no cardiac injuries. Of the patients with injuries, the mean age was 30.4 years, 92.1% were male and 65% were as a result of stab wounds, while 22% were as a result of gunshot wounds. The right ventricle was the most common site of injury, accounting for 41% of cases, while the left ventricle, both ventricles and other sites accounted for 27%, 17% and 14%, respectively. Ninety per cent of the group was subjected to emergency thoracotomy; mortality of the entire group was 48%, including one patient who had TTUS. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that cardiac injuries remain lethal, diagnosis is largely clinical and TTUS may be over-utilized, having little impact on clinical outcome of patients presenting with this injury.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the epidemiology of paediatric ocular trauma presenting to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all paediatric patients (< 16 years old) admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period, 36.5% of admissions were < 16 years old. Males comprised 69.6% (101/145) of the paediatric admissions. The mean age was 8.3 years (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) and 8.7 years (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) for the females and males, respectively. The commonest place of injury was in the home: 47.5% and 50% in males and females, respectively. Females were more likely to be involved in domestic disputes (4.8%). Stones (20.3%) were the most common causative agent of eye injury in children, only occurring in the 4-16-year old age group. The highest incidence for hospitalization of paediatric eye injury occurred in March and May, with the least admissions occurring in February. Contusions (48.3%) were the most common type of injury. Open globe injuries occurred in 35.9% of cases. Chemical burns were the least common type of injury. The admission period ranged from 1-58 days. The median hospitalization period was five days (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSION: Paediatric ocular injury can be age specific. Contusion was the most common ocular injury and males were more likely to be hospitalized than females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease in the population. It is also essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la epidemiología del trauma ocular pediátrico en el Hospital Universitario de los Indias Orientales (UHWI), Jamaica, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2005. MÉTODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes pediátricos (<16 años de edad) ingresados con trauma ocular, según la base de datos del HUWI. RESULTADOS: Trescientos noventa y siete pacientes con trauma ocular fueron ingresados en el periodo bajo estudio; 36.5% de los ingresos tenían < 16 años de edad. Los varones comprendían el 69.6% (101/145) de los ingresos pediátricos. La edad promedio fue de 8.3 años (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) y 8.7 años (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) para las hembras y los varones, respectivamente. El lugar más común del accidente traumático fue la casa: 47.5% y 50% en los varones y las hembras, respectivamente. Las hembras presentaban una mayor probabilidad de estar involucradas en disputas domésticas (4.8%). Las piedras (20.3%) fueron el agente causante más común de la lesión del ojo en los niños, ocurriendo solamente en el grupo de 4-16 años de edad. La incidencia más alta de hospitalización por lesión ocular pediátrica ocurrió en marzo y mayo, siendo febrero el mes de menores ingresos. Las contusiones (48.3%) fueron el tipo más común de lesión. Las lesiones abiertas del globo ocular tuvieron lugar en 35.9% de los casos. Las quemaduras químicas fueron el tipo menos común de lesión. El periodo de ingreso osciló de 1-58 días. El periodo promedio de hospitalización fue de cinco días (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSIÓN: La lesión ocular pediátrica puede ser específica por edad. La contusión fue la lesión ocular más común, y la probabilidad de hospitalización fue más alta en los varones que en las hembras. La información epidemiológica es importante a la hora de determinar la carga de la enfermedad ocular sobre la población. También resulta fundamental cuando se trata de planificar el mejoramiento de nuestros servicios de salud y la educación de los pacientes para prevenir lesiones oculares serias.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Contusões/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology of ocular trauma in adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period; 35.8% of admissions with ocular trauma were < 16 years of age. There were 252 adults (>17 years old); 21.4% (54/252) were females and 78.6% (198/252) were males. The ratio of males to females was 3.7:1. The median age of the females and males was 32 years (95% CI 27, 35.9) and 33 years (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectively. The hospitalization period ranged from 1-283 days, mean 8.8 days in the males; and ranged from 1-39 days, mean six days in the females. March had the highest mean admissions over the six years. Severe chemical burns were the cause of the longest admissions. The most common place of injury was the home (30.2%) followed by in the street (28.2%); only 2% were from recreation. The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accident in 18.6%. The second most common cause was from nail hammering (14.3%); of this, 97.2% were male. Females (14.8%) were more commonly admitted from chemical injuries than males (11.1%). Of the females, 50% were due to domestic dispute and 50% were accidental bleach spills. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accidents, nail hammering in males and chemical injuries in females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease on the population. It is essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention ofserious eye injuries.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la epidemiología del trauma ocular en pacientes adultos ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2005. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes adultos ingresados por trauma ocular en el HUWI, de acuerdo con la base de datos de dicho centro hospitalario. RESULTADOS: Trescientos noventa y siete pacientes fueron ingresados con trauma ocular en el periodo del estudio; 35.8% de los ingresos por trauma ocular tenían <16 años de edad. Se trataba de 252 adultos (>17 años de edad); 21.4% (54/252) eran hembras y 78.6% (198/252) eran varones. La proporción de varones con respecto a las hembras fue 3.7:1. La edad promedio de hembras y varones fue 32 años (95% CI 27, 35.9) y 33 años (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectivamente. El periodo de hospitalización osciló de 1 - 283 días, con una media de 8.8 días para los varones; y fluctuó de 1-39 días, con una media de 6 días, para las hembras. Marzo presentó el mayor promedio de ingresos durante los seis años. Las quemaduras químicas severas constituyeron la causa de los ingresos de mayor estadía. El lugar más común de ocurrencia de las lesiones fue la casa (30.2%), seguido por la calle (28.2%); sólo 2% fueron lugares de recreación. La causa más común de lesión ocular fueron los accidentes motovehiculares en 18.6%. La segunda causa más común provino de martillar clavos (14.3%); de éstos, 97.2% fueron varones. Las hembras (14.8%) fueron más comúnmente ingresadas a causa de lesiones por sustancias químicas, en comparación con los varones (11.1%). De las hembras, 50% de los casos se debieron a disputas domésticas, y 50% a derramamientos accidentales de lejía. CONCLUSIÓN: La causa más común de la lesión ocular fueron los accidentes motovehiculares y el martilleo de clavos en los hombres, y las lesiones por sustancias químicas en las hembras. La información epidemiológica es importante a la hora de determinar la carga de las enfermedades oculares sobre la población. La misma es fundamental para planificar el mejoramiento de los servicios de salud y la educación de los pacientes en la prevención de lesiones oculares.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/tendências , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aim of this report was to determine the outcome of all patients subjected to colonoscopy at an outpatient medical facility in central Jamaica. A copy of the colonoscopy report of each consecutive patient during the period March 2007 to April 2011 was entered into a database and analysed. One thousand two hundred and fifty patients were identified with a mean age of 60 years and 56.5% were female. The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding (28%) but constipation (15%) and screening (11%) were also important. Caecal intubation was achieved in 96% of the group. While 30% of the group had normal findings, 32% had diverticulosis and 23% had haemorrhoids; importantly 10% had carcinomas and 11 % had adenomas. Adenomas were detected in 13% of the screened patients. The most important predictor ofan abnormal colonoscopy was a history ofbleeding. The perforation rate was 0.24% with no perforations occurring in the latter 650 cases.
El objetivo de este reporte fue determinar la evolución clínica de todos los pacientes sometidos a colonoscopía en una clínica de consulta externa en Jamaica central. Una copia del reporte de la colonoscopía de cada paciente consecutivo durante el periodo de marzo de 2007 a abril de 2011 fue introducida en la base de datos, y luego analizada. Se identificaron un total de mil doscientos cincuenta pacientes con edad promedio de 60 años, de los cuales 56.5% eran hembras. La indicación más común para la colonoscopía fue el sangramiento (28%) pero el estreñimiento (15%) y el tamizaje (11%) fueron también importantes. La intubación cecal se logró en el 96% del grupo. Mientras que el 30% del grupo tuvo resultados normales, el 32% presentó diverticulosis y el 23% tenia hemorroides. Aún más importante: 10% tenían carcinomas y 11% tenían adenomas. Se detectaron adenomas en 13% de los pacientes tamizados. El predictor más importante de una colonoscopía anormal fue una historia de sangramiento. La tasa de perforación fue 0.24% sin que se presentaran perforaciones en los últimos 650 casos.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Adenoma/complicações , Carcinoma/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Divertículo/complicações , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Hemorroidas/complicações , Hemorroidas/diagnóstico , Jamaica , RetoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the epidemiology of paediatric ocular trauma presenting to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all paediatric patients (< or = 16 years old) admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period, 36.5% of admissions were < or = 16 years old. Males comprised 69.6% (101/145) of the paediatric admissions. The mean age was 8.3 years (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) and 8.7 years (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) for the females and males, respectively. The commonest place of injury was in the home: 47.5% and 50% in males and females, respectively Females were more likely to be involved in domestic disputes (4.8%). Stones (20.3%) were the most common causative agent of eye injury in children, only occurring in the 4-16-year old age group. The highest incidence for hospitalization of paediatric eye injury occurred in March and May, with the least admissions occurring in February. Contusions (48.3%) were the most common type of injury. Open globe injuries occurred in 35.9% of cases. Chemical burns were the least common type of injury. The admission period ranged from 1-58 days. The median hospitalization period was five days (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSION: Paediatric ocular injury can be age specific. Contusion was the most common ocular injury and males were more likely to be hospitalized than females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease in the population. It is also essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Contusões/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology of ocular trauma in adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period; 35.8% of admissions with ocular trauma were < or = 16 years of age. There were 252 adults (> 17 years old), 21.4% (54/252) were females and 78.6% (198/252) were males. The ratio of males to females was 3.7:1. The median age of the females and males was 32 years (95% CI 27, 35.9) and 33 years (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectively. The hospitalization period ranged from 1-283 days, mean 8.8 days in the males; and ranged from 1-39 days, mean six days in the females. March had the highest mean admissions over the six years. Severe chemical burns were the cause of the longest admissions. The most commonplace of injury was the home (30.2%) followed by in the street (28.2%); only 2% were from recreation. The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accident in 18.6%. The second most common cause was from nail hammering (14.3%); of this, 97.2% were male. Females (14.8%) were more commonly admitted from chemical injuries than males (11.1%). Of the females, 50% were due to domestic dispute and 50% were accidental bleach spills. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accidents, nail hammering in males and chemical injuries in females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease on the population. It is essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/tendências , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this report was to determine the outcome of all patients subjected to colonoscopy at an outpatient medical facility in central Jamaica. A copy of the colonoscopy report of each consecutive patient during the period March 2007 to April 2011 was entered into a database and analysed. One thousand two hundred and fifty patients were identified with a mean age of 60 years and 56.5% were female. The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding (28%) but constipation (15%) and screening (11%) were also important. Caecal intubation was achieved in 96% of the group. While 30% of the group had normal findings, 32% had diverticulosis and 23% had haemorrhoids; importantly 10% had carcinomas and 11% had adenomas. Adenomas were detected in 13% of the screened patients. The most important predictor of an abnormal colonoscopy was a history of bleeding. The perforation rate was 0.24% with no perforations occurring in the latter 650 cases.