RESUMO
Los "preprint" o pre-publicaciones (PP) son el manuscrito final y completo de una investigación, disponible en formato abierto y que aún no fue revisada por pares. Esta modalidad acelera el tiempo de presentación de resultados, permite enriquecer la versión final con contribuciones de lectores, pero no son aún investigaciones respaldadas por revisión de pares. Aunque ya conocidos, desde la pandemia COVID-19 los PP han cobrado cada vez más importancia en investigación clínica. Desde 2020, PubMed Central (PMC), y por lo tanto PubMed, incluye PP sobre investigaciones financiadas por los National Institutes of Health (NIH) y que figuren en repositorios seleccionados. Conocer la proporción de PP que alcanzan la publicación luego de la revisión por pares podría dar una idea de la validez de este formato. (AU)
Assuntos
Revisão por Pares/tendências , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas/tendências , Comunicação e Divulgação Científica , Pré-PublicaçãoRESUMO
There is an increasing recognition throughout the world that many of the feeding problems of dairy herds are linked to the presence of aerobically deteriorated parts on a silo face, causing farmers to pose questions on what amount of silage should be removed daily to feed their animals. Since an adequate feed-out rate helps to prevent silage spoilage, a simple tool is needed to manage the aerobic deterioration of corn silages during feed-out. The aims of this study were to develop an unloading rate index, which we have called the mass feed-out rate (MFR), expressed in kilograms of fresh matter silage unloaded daily per square meter of silo face, to better predict the aerobic deterioration of silage and to offer management solutions to help prevent spoilage, through a survey on 97 commercial dairy farms in Italy and Brazil. Silages were sampled and analyzed for their main microbial, fermentative, and nutritional characteristics, whereas silage temperatures were measured in the core and peripheral areas of the silo working face. Moreover, a detailed questionnaire on silo management and silage utilization was administered to the farmers during each farm visit. The size and silage density of the silos presented a wide variability in the 2 countries, thus indicating that different management practices were adopted during corn harvesting, silo filling, and silage compaction. The differences between pH and temperature in the peripheral areas and in the core of the silage (dpH and dT, respectively) were tested as a single indicator to identify any aerobic deteriorated areas on the silo face, associated with the yeast and mold counts. Both indicators correctly identified aerobic deterioration in 86.6% and 93.8% of the studied silos, respectively. The lactic acid and ethanol increased as the MFR increased, whereas the starch, dT, and the yeast and mold counts decreased with increasing MFR. A daily removal rate of over 250 kg of silage/m2 markedly reduced the risk of spoilage in corn silages at a farm level in both temperate and tropical environments. The new MFR index can substitute for the commonly used linear feed-out rate as it includes the silage density and can be obtained from 1 single recording.
Assuntos
Silagem , Zea mays , Aerobiose , Animais , Fermentação , Fungos , Silagem/análise , LevedurasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of childhood death. There are few published reports of radiographic findings among children with severe CAP. OBJECTIVE: To describe chest X-ray (CXR) findings and assess association between these radiographic findings and pneumococcal isolation in children with severe CAP. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 12 centers in Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic. Children aged 3-59 months, hospitalized with severe pneumonia, were included. On admission, blood and pleural effusion cultures were performed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified according to standard procedures in the respective national reference laboratory. Chest X-rays were taken on admission and read before the culture results were reported. RESULTS: Out of 2,536 enrolled patients, 283 (11.2%) had S. pneumoniae isolated, in 181 cases (7.1%) from blood. The follow radiographic patterns were observed: alveolar infiltrate (75.2%), pleural effusion (15.6%), and interstitial infiltrate (9.2%). Overall, pleural effusion was associated with pneumococcal isolation and pneumococcal bacteremia (P < 0.001). Infiltrates were unilateral (78.7%) or bilateral (21.3%), right-sided (76%) or left-sided (24%), in the lower lobe (53.6%) or the upper lobe (46.4%). Multivariate analysis including patients with affection of only one lobe showed that upper lobe affection and pleural effusion were associated with pneumococcal isolation (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.3-2.7; OR 11.0, 95% CI, 4.6-26.8, respectively) and with pneumococcal bacteremia (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2-2.6; OR 3.1, 95% CI, 1.2-8.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Three-quarters of the patients studied had alveolar infiltrates. Upper lobe compromising and pleural effusion were associated with pneumococcal invasive disease.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Radiografia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study compared the antipyretic effectiveness of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and dipyrone in young children with fever. The results were based on a modified double-blind, randomized, multinational trial that evaluated 628 febrile children, aged 6 months to 6 years. All three drugs lowered temperature in the 555 patients completing the study. Temperature normalization rates in the ibuprofen and dipyrone groups (78% and 82%, respectively) were significantly higher than the acetaminophen group (68%, P = 0.004). After 4 to 6 hours, mean temperature in the dipyrone group was significantly lower than the other groups, demonstrating longer temperature normalization with dipyrone. All three drugs showed comparable tolerability profiles.
Assuntos
Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dipirona/uso terapêutico , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Acetaminofen/administração & dosagem , Acetaminofen/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/efeitos adversos , Análise de Variância , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dipirona/administração & dosagem , Dipirona/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Ibuprofeno/administração & dosagem , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Tamanho da Amostra , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PROBLEM: The structure and protective activity of antibodies against tetanus (anti-T) and diphtheria (anti-D), produced during human pregnancy and transferred to new-born, was studied. METHOD: Antibody levels were measured by ELISA in non-pregnant women (control group), primiparae, and multiparae, and in their children. The proportion of symmetric and asymmetric IgG molecules was determined and their respective protective capacity evaluated. RESULTS: The quantity of asymmetric anti-T and anti-D antibodies in mothers at the time of delivery was roughly four- and three-fold that of the control group, respectively, dropping significantly 1 month later. A similar proportion of these antibodies was observed in the new-born. The lower neutralizing capacity of asymmetric molecules was demonstrated in vivo. CONCLUSION: Results show that during pregnancy there is a modulation of the immune response with an increase in the production of asymmetric molecules of lower protective capacity.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/química , Difteria/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/imunologia , Recém-Nascido/imunologia , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Difteria/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Feminino , Cobaias , Humanos , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/química , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina G/química , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Gravidez , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tétano/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologiaRESUMO
The Argentine vaccination schedule against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) recommends three doses of DTP vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, two boosters at 18 months and 6 years, a booster dose of tetanus vaccine every 10 years and two doses during pregnancy. To evaluate the effect of this schedule, antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were determined by ELISA in serum samples from children (1 month to 6 years) who received different doses of DPT vaccine: 0 dose (n = 50), 1 dose (n = 25), 2 doses (n = 25), 3 doses (n = 55), first and second booster (n = 25); 25 pregnant women and their offspring, and 45 adults. High antibody levels against PT (> 140 EU/ml) and FHA (> 80 EU/ml) were recorded in mothers and in the newborn. Antibody titers against PT increased with the number of doses given and decreased with time. Full protection against tetanus (titers > 0.1 IU/ml) was observed in the group of adults (0.37 IU/ml), in mothers (4.4 IU/ml) and their newborn offspring (5.5 IU/ml), and in children after receiving the second dose of DTP vaccine (1.86 IU/ml). The immune status for diphtheria was far lower, as most of the groups lacked adequate protection. After the third dose of DTP vaccine, only 78% of the children had antibody titers above the protective level (0.1 IU/ml). Since antibody levels considered to provide full protection were only achieved after the first booster dose of DTP vaccine, the primary three-dose schedule seems to be insufficient to confer adequate immunity in all vaccinees. Because of the high proportion of non-protected adults, a booster dose of Td vaccine should be considered for this group.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Adesinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Anticorpos/sangue , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Toxoide Diftérico/imunologia , Feminino , Hemaglutininas/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Toxina Pertussis , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/imunologiaRESUMO
We present three cases of Leiomioblastomas of stomach, diagnosed at the unit of Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Center "Dr Luis E. Anderson" -San Cristóbal-Táchira State Venezuela. The lesions are analyzed from the clinical, morphological and immunohistological points of view, utilizing Queratine and Vimentin techniques. This neoplasm is not frequent but it is interesting because its biologic behavior not always correspond to its histology-pattern.
Assuntos
Leiomioma Epitelioide/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leiomioma Epitelioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Leiomioma Epitelioide/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Twenty-two infants with moderate dehydration due to diarrhea in whom oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was contraindicated or who failed to respond to this method of therapy were treated with rapid intravenous rehydration (RIR). Clinical signs of dehydration without shock allowed us to estimate 5% to 10% of weight loss. Patients were 11 days to 19 months old, and 9 of them were undernourished. A standard solution containing 90 mmol/L sodium, 80 mmol/L chloride, 30 mmol/L bicarbonate, 20 mmol/L potassium and 111 mmol/L glucose was used for all patients. The IV infusion was maintained until the rehydration was completed at a rate of 15 to 20 mL/kg/hour. Complete rehydration was successfully achieved in all patients. A total of 89.5 +/- 25.0 mL/kg (mean +/- SD) was needed and the duration of the IV infusion was 5.1 +/- 1.6 hours. Weight gain achieved was 6.5 +/- 1.6%. None of the patients developed hypernatremia following treatment. The initial base deficit, -9.5 +/- 6.6, was reduced to -3.5 +/- 2.9. All of the patients tolerated refeeding immediately after completion of the IV infusion. Our study suggests that this modality of rehydration is well tolerated, safe and effective and enhances the possibility of an early hospital discharge.
Assuntos
Desidratação/terapia , Diarreia Infantil/complicações , Hidratação/métodos , Soluções para Reidratação/uso terapêutico , Sódio/uso terapêutico , Desidratação/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Concentração Osmolar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Los autores trataron de determinar la posible relacion entre el fracaso de un plan de rehidratacion oral y la edad, estado nutricional, grado de deshidratacion al ingreso, dias de enfermedad previos al ingreso, persistencia de la diarrea durante la rehidratacion, acidosis, recuento leucocitario, presencia de otros focos infecciosos, la natremia al comienzo del tratamiento y su variacion al completarse la hidratacion. El estudio se realizo sobre 43 ninos que ingresaron deshidratados por diarrea con o sin vomitos. Fueron rehidratados con la solucion glucoelectrolitica propuesta por la OMS. Se los clasifico en "EXITOS" y "FRACASOS", siendo "EXITOS" aquellos que solo recibieron rehidratacion oral y "FRACASOS" aquellos en que fue necesario recurrir posteriormente a hidratacion parenteral. Se hallo una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre los "FRACASOS" y los dias de enfermedad previos al ingreso. Se sugiere continuar la investigacion de otros factores (estado de nutricion y recuento leucocitario) que mostraron tambien diferencias, aunque estadisticamente no fueron significativas
Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Desidratação , Diarreia Infantil , HidrataçãoRESUMO
Los autores trataron de determinar la posible relacion entre el fracaso de un plan de rehidratacion oral y la edad, estado nutricional, grado de deshidratacion al ingreso, dias de enfermedad previos al ingreso, persistencia de la diarrea durante la rehidratacion, acidosis, recuento leucocitario, presencia de otros focos infecciosos, la natremia al comienzo del tratamiento y su variacion al completarse la hidratacion. El estudio se realizo sobre 43 ninos que ingresaron deshidratados por diarrea con o sin vomitos. Fueron rehidratados con la solucion glucoelectrolitica propuesta por la OMS. Se los clasifico en "EXITOS" y "FRACASOS", siendo "EXITOS" aquellos que solo recibieron rehidratacion oral y "FRACASOS" aquellos en que fue necesario recurrir posteriormente a hidratacion parenteral. Se hallo una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre los "FRACASOS" y los dias de enfermedad previos al ingreso. Se sugiere continuar la investigacion de otros factores (estado de nutricion y recuento leucocitario) que mostraron tambien diferencias, aunque estadisticamente no fueron significativas
Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Desidratação , Diarreia Infantil , HidrataçãoAssuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Teste de Esforço , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 9 meses de edad que presento tuberculosis primaria. Se discuten las caracteristicas clinicas de la enfermedad y se analizan los elementos complementarios del diagnostico y hallazgos necropsicos.Finalmente se presentan aspectos del diagnostico diferencial y tratamiento