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The objective of this study was to evaluate and to describe the main behaviors of family groups of lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) raised in a commercial breeding facility. We used 24 adult pacas, 16 females and 8 males, with a mean live weight of 8.2 kg and age ranging from 2 to 4 years. The animals were kept in groups of two females and one male per enclosure. Cameras were used to monitor the animals. The behaviors identified were divided into five categories (maintenance, exploratory, social interaction, reproductive, and environmental interaction). A completely randomized design in a split-split plot arrangement with three treatment factors was used: sex, period of the day, and season. The frequencies of the maintenance and environmental interaction behavioral categories were significantly higher during the day compared to the nocturnal period (P < 0.05). The duration of each behavioral category differed significantly (P < 0.05) between day and night. The frequencies of the maintenance and reproductive behavioral categories were significantly higher during the dry season compared to the rainy season (P < 0.05) and the relative duration of behaviors of the environmental interaction category was shorter during the dry season (P < 0.05). Females exhibited a significantly higher frequency of maintenance and environmental interaction than males (P < 0.05) and the duration of environmental interaction was shorter (P < 0.05) in females. The present results add to the existing knowledge on the behavior of lowland pacas raised in captivity for production of this wild species which is in the stage of domestication.
Assuntos
Cuniculidae , Animais , Etologia , Feminino , Masculino , Reprodução , Estações do AnoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects up to 80% of men and 50% of women throughout their lifetime, causing significant discomfort. Minoxidil, finasteride, and low-level laser light therapy are the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for AGA, and they have shown positive results in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. However, their efficacy is limited, and new therapies are needed. Injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a minimally invasive technique, has been described by several authors as a promising treatment for AGA. Although many studies report beneficial effects of PRP on AGA, there is no standardized practice for PRP preparation and administration or a standard method to evaluate results. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of manually prepared PRP in the treatment of male AGA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 20 male patients with AGA with 3 monthly injections of PRP and analyzed results by TrichoScan®. RESULTS: In this study, there was no statistically significant improvement in hair count or proportion of anagen hairs. CONCLUSIONS: This lack of response could be related to any of the variables during PRP preparation described above and also to the limited number of patients in the study.
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Weanlings undergo rapid body development in the first year of life and, in this period, are more susceptible to helminth infection that can impair their growth. The objective of this study was to compare the apparent digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, and body development of deworming and not deworming weanlings. Fourteen Mangalarga Marchador weanling colts, on a farm in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, were divided into two groups: dewormed (D) and not dewormed (ND) groups. The weanlings were kept separately for 3 months in two pastures of Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. African Star Grass. They also were supplemented with Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton 85 predried hay ad libitum and 1.5 kg.100 kg-1 of body weight (BW) of corn-based concentrate. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of the weanlings were measured monthly. Group D was dewormed (200 mcg.kg-1 BW ivermectin + 2.5 mg.kg-1 BW praziquantel) whenever EPG was ≥500. Group ND weanlings were not treated. The weanlings were subjected to an apparent digestibility assay (total fecal collection procedure). Every month, the weanlings were weighed, evaluated for body condition score, and had withers height, croup height, body length, and thoracic circumference measured. Group ND was infected mainly by small strongyles. There was no difference between groups (P > .05) for morphometric measurements, dry matter intake, and digestibility coefficients, except for apparent digestibility of calcium, which was higher (P < .05) in group D. Small strongyles infection in six- to nine-month-old weanlings fed high grain, nutrient-balanced rations apparently did not affect growth, blood parameters, and apparent digestibility of nutrients.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Digestão , Animais , Brasil , Cavalos , Masculino , Nutrientes , ÓvuloRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal in the feed of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in captivity and its influence on the reproductive characteristics of these birds. Twelve pairs of birds were used during two subsequent reproductive cycles of 130 days each, with time divided into four phases: laying, incubation, rearing of chicks until 30 days of age, and return to the new laying phase. The pairs were divided into two groups: a control group, which received a commercial diet for psittacines + a mixture of seeds, and a test group, which received the same diet as the control group except for the addition of a Madagascar cockroach meal in a ratio of 14 g of commercial food to 1 g of cockroach meal (6.6%). After hatching, chicks remained with their parents until 30 days of age. Subsequently, the chicks were transferred to another room and monitored until the 90th day of life. The inclusion of cockroach meal did not influence (p > 0.05) the intake of commercial food and mixture of seeds during the reproductive phases evaluated, except for feed intake, which was increased relative to control values (p = 0.02) in the return-to-laying phase. Yolk cholesterol content, egg width and egg shape index were increased with the inclusion of the cockroach meal, whereas the number of days to return to the new laying phase was reduced compared to the control (p = 0.02). The number of eggs laid decreased (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of the cockroach meal; however, the percentage of hatching was higher in the test group than in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant effect (p > 0.05) of dietary treatment was observed on the number of viable chicks at 1, 30 and 90 days of age or on the contents of most fatty acids present in the yolk. The findings of this study indicate that a Madagascar cockroach meal can be used as an alternative feedstuff in the diets for cockatiels and can lead to minor improvements in reproductive characteristics when replacing 6.6% of the commercial pelleted diet.
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The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of macaúba seed cake (MSC) meal in diets for growing rabbits by assessing their growth and slaughtering performance, haematological traits, nutritional contribution of caecotrophs, in vitro digestibility, degradability and fermentation parameters. A total of 88 rabbits were distributed to four groups with 22 animals each and fed diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg of MSC, respectively. The in vitro assays were conducted employing cecum inoculum on the same dietary treatments. The inclusion of MSC yielded a quadratic effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility (p < 0.001). The maximum amount of produced gas was raised linearly with the inclusion of MSC (p = 0.016). MSC linearly reduced several variables as the nutritional contribution of caecotrophs in dry matter (p = 0.017) and crude protein (p = 0.014), live weight at 51 d (p = 0.024), body weight gain (p = 0.039), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.007) in the first period evaluated (30-50 d); furthermore the ADFI and FCR the second (51-72 d) and whole period (30-72 d) (p < 0.001). MSC addition caused a quadratic effect on white blood cells count (p = 0.026) and a linear decrease of eosinophils (p = 0.045). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 150 g/kg of MSC improves the in vitro digestibility and fermentation potential of the diets, reflecting on the ADFI and FCR of the animals, although adverse effects are observed on the weight of the commercial carcass and nutritive contribution of the caecotrophs.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Arecaceae/química , Coelhos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Ceco/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão , Feminino , Masculino , Coelhos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Distribuição Aleatória , Sementes/química , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Las dietas con elevado contenido de volumosos para conejos, también llamadas simplificada o semi-simplificada, son un nuevo concepto en cunicultura y combinan economía y bienestar intestinal, siendo fundamental la comprensión del proceso a nivel del tracto gastrointestinal. 56 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanca con 75 días de edad fueron utilizados, siendo una dieta llamada control y otras seis dietas experimentales con elevada inclusión de distintas fuentes de forraje, variando el contenido de FDA. Fueron evaluados parámetros de canal y del tracto intestinal, tomando como referencia el peso absoluto y relativo de órganos. Las dietas experimentales proporcionaron disminución en el peso de la canal (P < 0,05). También hubo influencia sobre el rendimiento de la canal, donde la dieta a base de harina de hojas de yuca (HHY) presentó los peores resultados (P < 0,05). Las dietas experimentales proporcionaron aumento en los parámetros de peso del tracto digestivo, peso del estómago y del intestino delgado (P < 0,05). El peso del ciego también fue influenciado y dietas que contienen HHY como fibrosa presentaron mayor valor (P < 0,05). El peso del hígado fue afectado y la dieta control mostró resultados superiores (P < 0,05). La reducción en el peso de la canal y hepático asociada con un aumento en el peso del tracto gastrointestinal debe ser considerada antes de la adopción de este tipo de programa de alimentación.(AU)
The diets with high content of forage, also known as simplified and semi-simplified, are a new concept in rabbit breeding that combine economy and intestinal welfare and it is essential the understanding of the process at gastrointestinal tract level. A total of 56 rabbits WNZ were used and these animals were 75 days (slaughtering). There were used a control diet and six experimental with high of forage, varying the ADF level and the forage sources. There were evaluated carcass and intestinal parameters, taking as reference the absolute and relative weight of organs. The experimental diets provided worsening in carcass weight (P < 0.05). Also carcass yield was influenced, where the diet based on cassava leaves flour (CLF) showed the worst results (P < 0.05). Alternative diets gave rise to the parameters of relative weight of gut, stomach and small intestine (P < 0.05). The weight of the cecum was also influenced and diets that had CLF showed greater weight (P < 0.05). Liver weight was affected and the control diet showed superior results (P < 0.05). The reduction in carcass weight and liver associated with an increase in the gastrointestinal tract weight should be considered before the adoption of this type of feeding program.(AU)
As dietas com elevado conteúdo de volumosos, também denominadas de simplificadas e semi-simplificadas, são um novo conceito em cunicultura que associam economia e bem-estar intestinal. Para emprega-las é essencial a compreensão do processo digestivo e suas consequências sobre o trato digestório. Foram usados 56 animais NZB de 75 dias (abate), sendo uma dieta controle e seis dietas experimentais com elevada inclusão de volumosos, variando-se o nível de FDA e as fontes forrageiras. Foram avaliadas características de carcaça e intestinais, tomando-se como referência o peso absoluto e relativo dos órgãos. As dietas experimentais proporcionaram piora no peso da carcaça (P < 0,05). Também o rendimento de carcaça foi influenciado, onde a dieta com base em farinha das folhas de mandioca (FFM) apresentou os piores resultados (P < 0,05). As dietas alternativas proporcionaram elevação nas características de pesos relativos do tubo digestivo, estômago e intestino delgado (P < 0,05). O peso do ceco foi também influenciado e as dietas que continham FFM como fonte fibrosa, apresentaram valores superiores (P < 0,05). O peso do fígado foi influenciado e a dieta controle apresentou resultados superiores (P < 0,05). A redução no peso da carcaça e do fígado associadas a uma elevação no peso do sistema digestório devem ser consideradas antes da adoção deste tipo de programa de alimentação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Dieta/veterinária , Sistema Digestório/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Manihot , Trato Gastrointestinal , Estômago , Intestino DelgadoRESUMO
Las dietas con elevado contenido de volumosos para conejos, también llamadas simplificada o semi-simplificada, son un nuevo concepto en cunicultura y combinan economía y bienestar intestinal, siendo fundamental la comprensión del proceso a nivel del tracto gastrointestinal. 56 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanca con 75 días de edad fueron utilizados, siendo una dieta llamada control y otras seis dietas experimentales con elevada inclusión de distintas fuentes de forraje, variando el contenido de FDA. Fueron evaluados parámetros de canal y del tracto intestinal, tomando como referencia el peso absoluto y relativo de órganos. Las dietas experimentales proporcionaron disminución en el peso de la canal (P < 0,05). También hubo influencia sobre el rendimiento de la canal, donde la dieta a base de harina de hojas de yuca (HHY) presentó los peores resultados (P < 0,05). Las dietas experimentales proporcionaron aumento en los parámetros de peso del tracto digestivo, peso del estómago y del intestino delgado (P < 0,05). El peso del ciego también fue influenciado y dietas que contienen HHY como fibrosa presentaron mayor valor (P < 0,05). El peso del hígado fue afectado y la dieta control mostró resultados superiores (P < 0,05). La reducción en el peso de la canal y hepático asociada con un aumento en el peso del tracto gastrointestinal debe ser considerada antes de la adopción de este tipo de programa de alimentación.
The diets with high content of forage, also known as simplified and semi-simplified, are a new concept in rabbit breeding that combine economy and intestinal welfare and it is essential the understanding of the process at gastrointestinal tract level. A total of 56 rabbits WNZ were used and these animals were 75 days (slaughtering). There were used a control diet and six experimental with high of forage, varying the ADF level and the forage sources. There were evaluated carcass and intestinal parameters, taking as reference the absolute and relative weight of organs. The experimental diets provided worsening in carcass weight (P < 0.05). Also carcass yield was influenced, where the diet based on cassava leaves flour (CLF) showed the worst results (P < 0.05). Alternative diets gave rise to the parameters of relative weight of gut, stomach and small intestine (P < 0.05). The weight of the cecum was also influenced and diets that had CLF showed greater weight (P < 0.05). Liver weight was affected and the control diet showed superior results (P < 0.05). The reduction in carcass weight and liver associated with an increase in the gastrointestinal tract weight should be considered before the adoption of this type of feeding program.
As dietas com elevado conteúdo de volumosos, também denominadas de simplificadas e semi-simplificadas, são um novo conceito em cunicultura que associam economia e bem-estar intestinal. Para emprega-las é essencial a compreensão do processo digestivo e suas consequências sobre o trato digestório. Foram usados 56 animais NZB de 75 dias (abate), sendo uma dieta controle e seis dietas experimentais com elevada inclusão de volumosos, variando-se o nível de FDA e as fontes forrageiras. Foram avaliadas características de carcaça e intestinais, tomando-se como referência o peso absoluto e relativo dos órgãos. As dietas experimentais proporcionaram piora no peso da carcaça (P < 0,05). Também o rendimento de carcaça foi influenciado, onde a dieta com base em farinha das folhas de mandioca (FFM) apresentou os piores resultados (P < 0,05). As dietas alternativas proporcionaram elevação nas características de pesos relativos do tubo digestivo, estômago e intestino delgado (P < 0,05). O peso do ceco foi também influenciado e as dietas que continham FFM como fonte fibrosa, apresentaram valores superiores (P < 0,05). O peso do fígado foi influenciado e a dieta controle apresentou resultados superiores (P < 0,05). A redução no peso da carcaça e do fígado associadas a uma elevação no peso do sistema digestório devem ser consideradas antes da adoção deste tipo de programa de alimentação.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Dieta/veterinária , Manihot , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Sistema Digestório/anatomia & histologia , Estômago , Intestino Delgado , Trato GastrointestinalRESUMO
As dietas com elevado conteúdo de volumosos, também denominadas de simplificadas e semi-simplificadas, são um novo conceito em cunicultura que associam economia e bem-estar intestinal sendo essencial a compreensão do processo ao nível do trato gastrintestinal. Foram usados 56 animais NZB de 75 dias (abate), sendo uma dieta controle e seis experimentais que consistiam de dietas com elevada inclusão de volumosos, variando-se o nível de FDA e as fontes forrageiras. Foram avaliados parâmetros de carcaça e intestinais, tomando-se como referência o peso absoluto e relativo dos órgãos. As dietas experimentais proporcionaram piora no peso da carcaça (P<0,05). Também o rendimento de carcaça foi influenciado, onde a dieta com base em farinha das folhas de mandioca (FFM) apresentou os piores resultados (P<0,05). As dietas alternativas proporcionaram elevação nos parâmetros de pesos relativos do tubo digestivo, estômago e intestino delgado (P<0.05). O peso do ceco foi também influenciado e as dietas que continham FFM como fonte fibrosa, apresentaram valores superiores (P<0,05). O peso do fígado foi influenciado e a dieta controle apresentou resultados superiores (P<0,05). A redução no peso da carcaça e do fígado associadas a uma elevação no peso do trato gastrintestinal devem ser consideradas antes da adoção deste tipo de programa de alimentação.
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Treatment of orthopedic infections usually requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy, ranging from 14 days up to 6 months. Nowadays, rising levels of antimicrobial resistance demands parenteral therapy for many patients. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a modality that allows treatment out of hospital in these situations. In Brazil, where a public universal healthcare system allows full coverage for all citizens, implantation and dissemination of OPAT programs would be beneficial for patients and for the system, because it would allow a better allocation of health resources. The Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (IOT) started, in July 2013, a partnership with municipal health authorities in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to initiate an OPAT program in which patients discharged from that hospital would be able to continue antimicrobial therapy at primary care facilities. When necessary, patients could also receive their therapy at the day-hospital located at IOT. Primary care nursing and physician staff were trained about antimicrobial infusion and peripherally inserted central catheter manipulation. An OPAT specific antimicrobial protocol was designed and a special reference and counter-reference organized. As a result, 450 primary healthcare professionals were trained. In the first year of this program, 116 patients were discharged for OPAT. Chronic and acute osteomyelitis were most frequent diagnosis. Teicoplanin, ertapenem and tigecycline were the most used drugs. Duration of treatment varied from 10 to 180 days (average 101, median 42). Total sum of days in OPAT regimen was 11,698. Only 3 patients presented adverse effects. Partnership between services of different levels of complexity allowed implantation of a safe and effective public healthcare OPAT program for treatment of orthopedic infections. This program can serve as a model for developing similar strategies in other regions of Brazil and Latin America.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infusões Parenterais/métodos , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Osteomielite/terapia , beta-Lactamas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/classificação , Anti-Infecciosos , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/classificação , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil , Criança , Ertapenem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Tigeciclina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of diets that contain torula yeast in rabbits and agoutis and the influence of torula yeast on the apparent digestibility of the nutrients. In the first experiment, 32 New Zealand White rabbits were fed diets with four different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of torula yeast that was substituted for soybean meal. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and eight repetitions. The digestibility coefficients (DC) of dry matter (DM; DCDM), crude protein (DCCP), neutral detergent fiber (DDNDF), ether extract (DCEE), and gross energy (DCGE), as well as the mean daily consumption (MDC), were calculated (MDC: 113.98, 113.96, 113.22, and 115.07 g animal-1; DCDM: 71.04%, 69.98%, 67.79%, and 74.08%; DCCP: 80.17%, 79.55%, 75.10%, and 78.47%; DCND: 66.85%, 65.50%, 63.31%, and 70.12%; DCEE: 77.83%, 76.46%, 78.36%, and 82.07%; and DCGE: 71.04%, 69.98%, 68.37%, and 73.82%). No significant effects (P > 0.05) were found on the MDC or the DCs for the different yeast levels, and the inclusion of torula up to 15% did not affect diet digestibility. The digestible energy (DE) (kcal kg-1 DM-1) of a diet with 15% torula yeast was calculated as 2,870.52 with the methodology proposed by Matterson (MMT) and 2,870.89 when corrected by the methodology proposed by Villamide (MVD). Linear regression estimated the DE...(AU)
Objetivou-se a avaliação nutricional das dietas com a inclusão de levedura torula para coelhos e cutias e sua influência sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. No primeiro experimento, utilizou-se 32 coelhos Nova Zelândia Branco. Avaliou-se quatro níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10 e 15 %) de torula em substituição ao farelo de soja. O delineamento empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Determinaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) da matéria seca (CDMS), da proteína bruta (CDPB), da fibra detergente neutro (CDFDN), do extrato etéreo (CDEE) e da energia bruta (CDEB) das dietas, bem como os valores de energia e proteína digestíveis da torula. Foram obtidos os valores de digestibilidade para CDMS (71,04; 69,98; 67,79 e 74,08 %), CDPB (80,17; 79,55; 75,10 e 78,47 %), CDFDN (66,85; 65,50; 63,31 e 70,12 %), CDEE (77,83; 76,46; 78,36 e 82,07 %) e CDEB (71,04; 69,98; 68,37 e 73,82 %), respectivamente. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) para os CD estudados nos níveis de inclusão da levedura torula nas dietas. Os valores de ED (kcal. kg-1) da torula foi de 2870,52 utilizando-se a metodologia proposta por Matterson (MMT) com 15% de inclusão do alimento e, 2870,89 quando corrigido pela matéria seca do alimento teste conforme Villamide (MVD). O valor estimado da ED (kcal.kg-1) por regressão linear foi de 2805,22. Os valores...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão , Candida , DasyproctidaeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of diets that contain torula yeast in rabbits and agoutis and the influence of torula yeast on the apparent digestibility of the nutrients. In the first experiment, 32 New Zealand White rabbits were fed diets with four different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of torula yeast that was substituted for soybean meal. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and eight repetitions. The digestibility coefficients (DC) of dry matter (DM; DCDM), crude protein (DCCP), neutral detergent fiber (DDNDF), ether extract (DCEE), and gross energy (DCGE), as well as the mean daily consumption (MDC), were calculated (MDC: 113.98, 113.96, 113.22, and 115.07 g animal-1; DCDM: 71.04%, 69.98%, 67.79%, and 74.08%; DCCP: 80.17%, 79.55%, 75.10%, and 78.47%; DCND: 66.85%, 65.50%, 63.31%, and 70.12%; DCEE: 77.83%, 76.46%, 78.36%, and 82.07%; and DCGE: 71.04%, 69.98%, 68.37%, and 73.82%). No significant effects (P > 0.05) were found on the MDC or the DCs for the different yeast levels, and the inclusion of torula up to 15% did not affect diet digestibility. The digestible energy (DE) (kcal kg-1 DM-1) of a diet with 15% torula yeast was calculated as 2,870.52 with the methodology proposed by Matterson (MMT) and 2,870.89 when corrected by the methodology proposed by Villamide (MVD). Linear regression estimated the DE...
Objetivou-se a avaliação nutricional das dietas com a inclusão de levedura torula para coelhos e cutias e sua influência sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. No primeiro experimento, utilizou-se 32 coelhos Nova Zelândia Branco. Avaliou-se quatro níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10 e 15 %) de torula em substituição ao farelo de soja. O delineamento empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Determinaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) da matéria seca (CDMS), da proteína bruta (CDPB), da fibra detergente neutro (CDFDN), do extrato etéreo (CDEE) e da energia bruta (CDEB) das dietas, bem como os valores de energia e proteína digestíveis da torula. Foram obtidos os valores de digestibilidade para CDMS (71,04; 69,98; 67,79 e 74,08 %), CDPB (80,17; 79,55; 75,10 e 78,47 %), CDFDN (66,85; 65,50; 63,31 e 70,12 %), CDEE (77,83; 76,46; 78,36 e 82,07 %) e CDEB (71,04; 69,98; 68,37 e 73,82 %), respectivamente. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) para os CD estudados nos níveis de inclusão da levedura torula nas dietas. Os valores de ED (kcal. kg-1) da torula foi de 2870,52 utilizando-se a metodologia proposta por Matterson (MMT) com 15% de inclusão do alimento e, 2870,89 quando corrigido pela matéria seca do alimento teste conforme Villamide (MVD). O valor estimado da ED (kcal.kg-1) por regressão linear foi de 2805,22. Os valores...
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Animais , Coelhos , Candida , Dasyproctidae , Dieta/veterinária , DigestãoRESUMO
Aging is a biologic process characterized by progressive damage of structures and functions of organic systems. In gastrointestinal tract, it can involve enteric nervous system, which plays an important role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, causing hastening of intestinal transit thus reducing its absorptive function. Caloric restriction has been used in several studies with the intention of delaying deleterious effects of aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caloric restriction on myenteric neurons of ileum by aging in rats. 30 Wistar rats were grouped as follows: GI (animals aged 6 months fed with normal diet), GII (animals aged 18 months fed with normal diet) and GIII (animals aged 18 months subject to 31% of caloric restriction). The rats of the GI group were euthanized at 6 months of age and after experimental period of 12 months animals of the group GII and GIII were euthanized, the ileum of all groups were collected, measured and processed by NADPH-dp and Acetylcholinesterase. Quantitative analysis of neurons revealed that aging promotes the increasing of myenteric neurons NADPH-dp and reduces Acetylcholinesterase neuronal population. However, in the cellular profile area, were not observed significant differences between the groups. The caloric restriction has been efficient and can be used preventively because it minimizes quantitative changes associated with aging on ileum myenteric plexuses.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Restrição Calórica , Íleo/inervação , Plexo Mientérico/fisiopatologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Animais , Íleo/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Neurônios/fisiologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Stereotyped behaviors in captive primates are often caused by unsuitable conditions. Environmental enrichment has been used to reduce these behaviors, and also to increase the frequency of behaviors appropriate to the species. In this pilot study we evaluated whether behavioral enrichment influences food intake by the black tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), by calculating energy maintenance requirements. We evaluated 16 individually housed, healthy adult black tufted-ear marmosets, randomly divided into two treatment groups, one with behavioral enrichment and one without. The enrichment techniques included structural aspects, such as placing fixed and mobile objects in the cage and supplying dry foods in an enriched form, in order to stimulate cognition. Based on the metabolic weight of the animals, we calculated the energy requirements for their maintenance. The animals that received behavioral enrichment consumed more food than those that did not. We also observed that the animals that did not receive enrichment consumed 9.85% less food than had been calculated for energy maintenance requirements, while the animals that received enrichment consumed 24.97% more food than had been calculated. Results indicate that the use of behavioral enrichment items raised the energy requirements of the black tufted-ear marmoset and, therefore, the consumption of dry food, suggesting that environmental enrichment plays a role in stimulating food consumption. This conclusion should alert scientists, technicians and primatologists to the importance of controlling body weight of marmosets when introducing environmental enrichment to avoid overfeeding and obesity. To verify this conclusion, a study is needed with a longer time frame and more parameters, such as behavior observation and body weight.
RESUMO
The simplified and half-simplified diets are a new technology that combines economy and welfare intestinal. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of simplified and half-simplified diets, with and without exogenous enzymes, on the productive performance of growing rabbits. A Reference diet, two simplified diets and eight half-simplified diets had been utilized. The main fibrous sources used were the alfalfa hay (ALH), hay from the upper third of the cassava foliage (HUTCF) and cassava leaf meal (CLM), using a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and eight repetitions. The enzymes used were the carbohydrases (alpha-galactosidase, galactomanase, xylanase and beta-glucanase) and phytase. The consumption of animals fed with diets with high inclusion of CLM was lower than the other. The daily weight gain was higher in animals fed with the reference diet, half-simplified diet based on HUTCF and half-simplified diets based on the mix of ALH and CLM. A positive effect of exogenous enzymes inclusion, on the performance parameters, was not observed. Based on these results we conclude that the simplified and half-simplified diets provide decrease in productive performance. Considering the proportionate economy in the cost of feed, the half simplified based on HUTCF may be an interesting alternative.KEYWORDS: cassava foliage, productive performance, rabbit p
As dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas para coelhos são uma nova tecnologia que associa economia e bem estar intestinal. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas, com e sem enzimas exógenas, sobre o desempenho produtivo de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizadas 11 dietas, sendo uma referência, duas simplificadas e oito semi-simplificadas, formuladas, contendo como principais fontes fibrosas o feno de alfafa (FAL), feno do terço superior da rama da mandioca (FTSRM) e ou a farinha das folhas de mandioca (FFM), com ou sem adição de enzimas exógenas Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente cazualizado com 11 tratamentos e oito repetições. As enzimas utilizadas foram as carboidrases (alfa-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e betaglucanase) e a fitase. O consumo dos animais que receberam as dietas com elevada inclusão de FFM foi inferior ao demais. O ganho de peso diário mais elevado foi observado com os animais alimentados com as dietas referência, semi-simplificada com base em FTSRM e semi-simplificada com base na mistura de FAL e FFM. Não foram observados efeitos positivos das enzimas exógenas sobre os parâmetros de desempenho. Com base nestes resultados conclui-se que as dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas proporcionam queda no desempenho produtivo. Considerando-se a economia p
RESUMO
The simplified and half-simplified diets are a new technology that combines economy and welfare intestinal. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of simplified and half-simplified diets, with and without exogenous enzymes, on the productive performance of growing rabbits. A Reference diet, two simplified diets and eight half-simplified diets had been utilized. The main fibrous sources used were the alfalfa hay (ALH), hay from the upper third of the cassava foliage (HUTCF) and cassava leaf meal (CLM), using a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and eight repetitions. The enzymes used were the carbohydrases (alpha-galactosidase, galactomanase, xylanase and beta-glucanase) and phytase. The consumption of animals fed with diets with high inclusion of CLM was lower than the other. The daily weight gain was higher in animals fed with the reference diet, half-simplified diet based on HUTCF and half-simplified diets based on the mix of ALH and CLM. A positive effect of exogenous enzymes inclusion, on the performance parameters, was not observed. Based on these results we conclude that the simplified and half-simplified diets provide decrease in productive performance. Considering the proportionate economy in the cost of feed, the half simplified based on HUTCF may be an interesting alternative.KEYWORDS: cassava foliage, productive performance, rabbit p
As dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas para coelhos são uma nova tecnologia que associa economia e bem estar intestinal. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas, com e sem enzimas exógenas, sobre o desempenho produtivo de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizadas 11 dietas, sendo uma referência, duas simplificadas e oito semi-simplificadas, formuladas, contendo como principais fontes fibrosas o feno de alfafa (FAL), feno do terço superior da rama da mandioca (FTSRM) e ou a farinha das folhas de mandioca (FFM), com ou sem adição de enzimas exógenas Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente cazualizado com 11 tratamentos e oito repetições. As enzimas utilizadas foram as carboidrases (alfa-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e betaglucanase) e a fitase. O consumo dos animais que receberam as dietas com elevada inclusão de FFM foi inferior ao demais. O ganho de peso diário mais elevado foi observado com os animais alimentados com as dietas referência, semi-simplificada com base em FTSRM e semi-simplificada com base na mistura de FAL e FFM. Não foram observados efeitos positivos das enzimas exógenas sobre os parâmetros de desempenho. Com base nestes resultados conclui-se que as dietas simplificadas e semi-simplificadas proporcionam queda no desempenho produtivo. Considerando-se a economia p
RESUMO
Stereotyped behaviors in captive primates are often caused by unsuitable conditions. Environmental enrichment has been used to reduce these behaviors, and also to increase the frequency of behaviors appropriate to the species. In this pilot study we evaluated whether behavioral enrichment influences food intake by the black tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), by calculating energy maintenance requirements. We evaluated 16 individually housed, healthy adult black tufted-ear marmosets, randomly divided into two treatment groups, one with behavioral enrichment and one without. The enrichment techniques included structural aspects, such as placing fixed and mobile objects in the cage and supplying dry foods in an enriched form, in order to stimulate cognition. Based on the metabolic weight of the animals, we calculated the energy requirements for their maintenance. The animals that received behavioral enrichment consumed more food than those that did not. We also observed that the animals that did not receive enrichment consumed 9.85% less food than had been calculated for energy maintenance requirements, while the animals that received enrichment consumed 24.97% more food than had been calculated. Results indicate that the use of behavioral enrichment items raised the energy requirements of the black tufted-ear marmoset and, therefore, the consumption of dry food, suggesting that environmental enrichment plays a role in stimulating food consumption. This conclusion should alert scientists, technicians and primatologists to the importance of controlling body weight of marmosets when introducing environmental enrichment to avoid overfeeding and obesity. To verify this conclusion, a study is needed with a longer time frame and more parameters, such as behavior observation and body weight.
RESUMO
Stereotyped behaviors in captive primates are often caused by unsuitable conditions. Environmental enrichment has been used to reduce these behaviors, and also to increase the frequency of behaviors appropriate to the species. In this pilot study we evaluated whether behavioral enrichment influences food intake by the black tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), by calculating energy maintenance requirements. We evaluated 16 individually housed, healthy adult black tufted-ear marmosets, randomly divided into two treatment groups, one with behavioral enrichment and one without. The enrichment techniques included structural aspects, such as placing fixed and mobile objects in the cage and supplying dry foods in an enriched form, in order to stimulate cognition. Based on the metabolic weight of the animals, we calculated the energy requirements for their maintenance. The animals that received behavioral enrichment consumed more food than those that did not. We also observed that the animals that did not receive enrichment consumed 9.85% less food than had been calculated for energy maintenance requirements, while the animals that received enrichment consumed 24.97% more food than had been calculated. Results indicate that the use of behavioral enrichment items raised the energy requirements of the black tufted-ear marmoset and, therefore, the consumption of dry food, suggesting that environmental enrichment plays a role in stimulating food consumption. This conclusion should alert scientists, technicians and primatologists to the importance of controlling body weight of marmosets when introducing environmental enrichment to avoid overfeeding and obesity. To verify this conclusion, a study is needed with a longer time frame and more parameters, such as behavior observation and body weight.
RESUMO
A reabilitação de pacientes com maxila severamente atrófica é um dos maiores desafios na Implantodontia atual. A grande dificuldade inerente da reabilitação e a necessidade de extensas reconstruções ósseas (enxertos onlay, levantamento de seio maxilar) podem elevar o grau de morbidade cirúrgica e o tempo de tratamento. As fixações zigomáticas têm sido apresentadas na literatura como uma opção viável para o tratamento de pacientes com esse quadro clínico. Neste artigo será apresentado o relato de um caso clínico com reabilitação da maxila por meio da instalação de quatro implantes zigomáticos e uma prótese fixa parafusada sobre os implantes, instalada dois dias após a cirurgia, submetendo os implantes à carga imediata.
The rehabilitation of patients with severely atrophic maxilla is one of the greatest challenges in implant dentistry today. The difficulty inherent in this rehabilitation and the need for extensive bone reconstruction (onlay grafts, sinus Iifting) can raise the level of surgical morbidity and treatment time. The zygomatic fixations have been presented in literature as a viable option for the treatment of patients with this clinical scenario. This paper reports a clinical case of rehabilitation of the maxilla through the installation of four zygomatic implants and a fixed prosthesis screwed over the implants, installed two days after surgery, with the implants subjected to immediate loading.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Imediata em Implante Dentário , Reabilitação Bucal , Maxila/anormalidades , Maxila/cirurgia , Zigoma/cirurgia , Prótese Dentária Fixada por Implante , OsseointegraçãoRESUMO
This study was conducted with the aim of identifying toxic elements present in products largely used in Brazilian agriculture and livestock: dicalcium phosphate, supertriple phosphate, supersimple phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, sulphur amonium phoshphate, ammoniated calcium polyphosphate, a farm-made bovine mineral supplement, a bone meal and a limestone. Many techniques were employed in such analyses: X-ray diffractometry, atomic absorption, colorimetric and gravimetric techniques and instrumental neutron activation. It was detected many elements classified as hazard and toxic elements by the (United States) ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry such as aluminum, arsenic, barium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, fluoride, strontium, thorium, uranium, vanadium and zinc. It has also noted a high presence of Si as quartz in the bone meal and in the bovine mineral supplement. Bicalcic phosphate presents the smallest presence of hazardous elements.
Objetivou-se identificar elementos tóxicos presentes nos seguintes produtos intensivamente utilizados na agropecuária brasileira: fosfato bicálcico, fosfato supertriplo, fosfato supersimples, fosfato monoamônico, fosfosulfato de amônio, polifosfato de cálcio e amônio, sal mineral bovino artesanal, farinha de ossos e calcário. Para a detecção dos elementos tóxicos utilizou-se as técnicas de difratometria de raios-x, absorção atômica de forno de grafite, colorimetria, gravimetria e ativação neutrônica. Foram detectados diversos elementos tóxicos, assim classificados conforme a agência norte americana de registro de substâncias tóxicas e doença relacionadas - ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) como alumínio, arsênio, bário, cério, césio, cobalto, flúor, estrôncio, tório, urânio, vanádio e zinco . Também foram observadas elevadas concentrações de silício na forma de quartzo na farinha de ossos e no sal mineral bovino. O fosfato bicálcico é o produto que apresenta a menor presença de elementos tóxicos. Summary: This study aimed to identify toxic elements present in products largely used in Brazilian agriculture and livestock: dicalcium phosphate, super-triple phosphate, super-simple phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, sulphur amonium phoshphate, ammoniated calcium polyphosphate, a farm-made bovine mineral supplement, a bone meal and a limestone. Many techniques
RESUMO
This study was conducted with the aim of identifying toxic elements present in products largely used in Brazilian agriculture and livestock: dicalcium phosphate, supertriple phosphate, supersimple phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, sulphur amonium phoshphate, ammoniated calcium polyphosphate, a farm-made bovine mineral supplement, a bone meal and a limestone. Many techniques were employed in such analyses: X-ray diffractometry, atomic absorption, colorimetric and gravimetric techniques and instrumental neutron activation. It was detected many elements classified as hazard and toxic elements by the (United States) ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry such as aluminum, arsenic, barium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, fluoride, strontium, thorium, uranium, vanadium and zinc. It has also noted a high presence of Si as quartz in the bone meal and in the bovine mineral supplement. Bicalcic phosphate presents the smallest presence of hazardous elements.
Objetivou-se identificar elementos tóxicos presentes nos seguintes produtos intensivamente utilizados na agropecuária brasileira: fosfato bicálcico, fosfato supertriplo, fosfato supersimples, fosfato monoamônico, fosfosulfato de amônio, polifosfato de cálcio e amônio, sal mineral bovino artesanal, farinha de ossos e calcário. Para a detecção dos elementos tóxicos utilizou-se as técnicas de difratometria de raios-x, absorção atômica de forno de grafite, colorimetria, gravimetria e ativação neutrônica. Foram detectados diversos elementos tóxicos, assim classificados conforme a agência norte americana de registro de substâncias tóxicas e doença relacionadas - ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) como alumínio, arsênio, bário, cério, césio, cobalto, flúor, estrôncio, tório, urânio, vanádio e zinco . Também foram observadas elevadas concentrações de silício na forma de quartzo na farinha de ossos e no sal mineral bovino. O fosfato bicálcico é o produto que apresenta a menor presença de elementos tóxicos. Summary: This study aimed to identify toxic elements present in products largely used in Brazilian agriculture and livestock: dicalcium phosphate, super-triple phosphate, super-simple phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, sulphur amonium phoshphate, ammoniated calcium polyphosphate, a farm-made bovine mineral supplement, a bone meal and a limestone. Many techniques