RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti in the Central-Alto Paraná cross-border road corridor of Paraguay, an area that has reports of dengue cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult females were selected from hatching Ae. aegypti eggs from households geolocated in the departments of Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera and Central, between 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted from the tissue of females for amplifying their polymorphic patterns by random amplification of polymorphic DNA by PCR (RAPD-PCR), using primers H3 and B03 in order to identify genetic parameters of population diversity. The relationships between mosquito populations according to locality were observed by unpaired arithmetic mean analysis. We used DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 and MAXENT to analyze the suitable areas of actual and potential geographic distribution of these Ae. aegypti populations. RESULTS: Forty loci were identified by RAPD-PCR profiling, with moderate gene differentiation (Gst = 0.12). The cross-border corridor presented bioclimatic conditions for the presence of variant populations of Ae. aegypti, with precipitation in the warmest quarter and mean temperature in the driest quarter being determinant in the distribution. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of moderate genetic diversity in Ae. aegypti populations from areas that have reported dengue cases in the cross-border road corridor linking the Central and Alto Paraná departments of Paraguay. The study of genetic variability of Ae. aegypti is very useful for entomo-epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of possible resistance to chemical control.
OBJETIVOS: Conocer la diversidad genética de Aedes aegypti en el corredor vial transfronterizo Central-Alto Paraná de Paraguay, con registros de casos de dengue. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron veinte hembras adultas de la eclosión de huevos de Ae. aegypti procedentes de casas geolocalizadas en los departamentos de Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera y Central, entre el 2018 y 2019. Se extrajo ADN del tejido de las hembras para amplificación aleatoria de sus patrones polimórficos mediante amplificación aleatoria del ADN polimórfico por PCR (RAPD-PCR), usando cebadores H3 y B03 a fin de conocer parámetros genéticos de diversidad poblacional. Las relaciones entre las poblaciones de mosquitos según la localidad fueron visualizadas mediante análisis no apareado de la media aritmética. Las áreas idóneas de distribución geográfica real y potencial de estas poblaciones de Ae. aegypti fueron analizadas mediante DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 y MAXENT. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 40 loci mediante perfiles RAPD-PCR, con diferenciación génica moderada (Gst = 0,12). El corredor transfronterizo presentó condiciones bioclimáticas para la presencia de poblaciones variantes de Ae. aegypti, siendo determinantes en la distribución la precipitación del trimestre más cálido y la temperatura media del trimestre más seco. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia que existe diversidad genética moderada en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti procedentes de zonas con registros de casos de dengue ubicadas en el corredor vial transfronterizo que une los departamentos Central y Alto Paraná de Paraguay. El estudio de variabilidad genética de Ae. aegypti es de gran utilidad para la vigilancia entomoepidemiológica y evaluación de posibles eventos de resistencia al control químico.
Assuntos
Aedes , Animais , Aedes/genética , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Paraguai , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Due to the increasing coffee production, Spent Coffee Grounds' (SCGs) generation has grown dramatically, hence appropriate management of this solid biomass waste is imperative. SCGs can be used as feedstocks for renewable energy and fuel generation provided that a stable feeding of powders to reactors is maintained. Recently, a non-mechanical spouted bed feeder proved itself an excellent alternative in feeding SCGs to a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed reactor. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary for the feeder's implementation in commercial applications. Here the feeding of SCGs with the spouted bed feeder is addressed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Firstly, a Two-Fluid Model (TFM) is validated against experimental data, and then the effects of five operating and design parameters were analyzed aiming at improving the handling of SCGs. The solids flowrate (WS) in the reactor could be stably controlled from 4 to 30 g/s depending on the settings. The feeder performance is enhanced by operating it under high gas flowrate (Q), high entrainment length (z), and high mass of solids in the feeder (HS). Using feeders with low cone angle (γ) or reactors with large diameter (DR) increases WS, which is appealing for the operation of medium-to large-scale units. The proposed TFM is a cost-effective tool for implementing spouted bed feeders in commercial applications. With the feeder coupled to the process, SCGs are treated continuously in the reactor for energy generation, thus reducing the disposal problems associated with this waste and improving the management of SCGs globally.
Assuntos
Café , Resíduos Sólidos , BiomassaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) has been observed in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). One of the main risks for dental erosion is GERD. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of GERD, variables related to dental erosion and associated with GERD (diet consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms, bruxism), and salivary flow rate, in a group of 46 non-institutionalized CP individuals aged from 3 to 13 years. METHODS: Twenty CP individuals with gastroesophageal reflux (GERDG) and 26 without gastroesophageal reflux (CG) were examined according to dental erosion criteria, drinking habits, presence of bruxism, and salivary flow rate. A face-to-face detailed questionnaire with the consumption and frequency of acid drinks, gastrointestinal symptoms (regurgitation and heart burn), and the presence of bruxism were answered by the caregivers of both groups. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected under slight suction, and salivary flow rate (ml/min) was calculated. RESULTS: The GERDG presented higher percentages of younger quadriplegics individuals compared to CG. The presence of regurgitation, heart burn, and tooth erosion (Grade 1) was significantly more prevalent in GERDG. It was observed difference in the salivary flow rate between the studied groups. On logistic multivariate regression analysis, the unique variable independently associated with the presence of GERD was dental erosion (P = 0.012, OR 86.64). CONCLUSION: The presence of GERD contributes significantly to dental erosion in the most compromised individuals with quadriplegics cerebral palsy individuals, increasing the risk of oral disease in this population.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Quadriplegia/complicações , Salivação , Erosão Dentária/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Taxa Secretória , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Disturbances in homeostatic functions have been observed in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), possibly resulting from autonomic dysfunction. Salivary flow rate and saliva composition are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and CP individuals exhibit alterations in salivary parameters that suggest autonomic impairment. This study aimed to investigate cardiac parameters as indicative of autonomic disturbances, possibly associated with salivary changes observed in CP individuals. METHODS: Ninety individuals with CP were compared with 35 sibling volunteers with no neurological damage (CG). Twenty-four-hour ECG/Holter monitoring (SEER(®) Light; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and 12-lead electrocardiographic recordings were performed on the CP and control groups. Total saliva was collected, and the salivary flow rate and total protein concentration were determined. RESULTS: Cerebral palsy (CP) individuals presented a significant reduction in salivary flow rate (P < 0.01) and increased protein concentrations (P < 0.01) compared to CG. Twenty-four-hour Holter ECG analysis showed differences for high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) and LF/HF ratio between the groups, with the CP group presenting higher HF and LF values and lower LF/HF. Electrocardiographic parameters showed a statistically significant difference for heart rate, and its correlates, and mean corrected QT interval between the groups studied (P < 0.05). Snoring was frequent among CP patients. ECG and autonomic changes were independently associated with CP. CONCLUSION: Individuals with cerebral palsy present cardiovascular changes principally manifested as disturbed sympathovagal balance. These autonomic dysfunctions could contribute to the salivary changes observed.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletrocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Saliva/química , Saliva/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Ronco/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologia , Nervo Vago/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The Bacteroides genus, the most prevalent anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal tract, carries a plethora of the mobile elements, such as plasmids and conjugative and mobilizable transposons, which are probably responsible for the spreading of resistance genes. Production of beta-lactamases is the most important resistance mechanism including cephalosporin resistance to beta-lactam agents in species of the Bacteroides fragilis group. In our previous study, the cfxA gene was detected in B. distasonis species, which encodes a clinically significant broad-spectrum beta-lactamase responsible for widespread resistance to cefoxitin and other beta-lactams. Such gene has been associated with the mobilizable transposon Tn4555. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the association between the cfxA gene and the presence of transposon Tn4555 in 53 Bacteroides strains isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by PCR assay. The cfxA gene was detected in 11 strains and the Tn4555 in 15. The transposon sequence revealed similarities of approximately 96% with the B. vulgatus sequence which has been deposited in GenBank. Hybridization assay was performed in attempt to detect the cfxA gene in the transposon. It was possible to associate the cfxA gene in 11 of 15 strains that harbored Tn4555. Among such strains, 9 presented the cfxA gene as well as Tn4555, but in 2 strains the cfxA gene was not detected by PCR assay. Our results confirm the involvement of Tn4555 in spreading the cfxA gene in Bacteroides species.
Assuntos
Bacteroides/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Bases , Southern Blotting , Brasil , Cefotaxima/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genéticaRESUMO
Foi desenvolvido um estudo comparativo para avaliar a eficácia do sistema de anaerobiose Anaerobac (Probac) no cultivo de bactérias anaeróbias estritas causadoras de infecções humanas. Como método de referência foi utilizado o sistema Gaspak (BBL), internacionalmente reconhecido pela eficácia. Os resultados revelaram que o sistema Anaerobac (Probac), além de ser prático e menos dispendioso, é eficaz no cultivo de diversas bactérias anaeróbias importantes no diagnóstico laboratorial de processos infecciosos
Assuntos
Anaerobiose , Bactérias Anaeróbias , Bacteroides , ClostridiumRESUMO
Apresenta visäo da situaçäo atual das creches no Brasil. Compara-a com a de outros países, argumentando a favor da urgente necessidade de pesquisas neste campo. Apresenta um projeto, ainda em desenvolvimento, sobre os processos de adaptaçäo de bebês e de suas famílias quando ingressam na creche, considerando-os como resultantes de múltiplos fatores (biológicos, psicossociais e históricos do bebê, da família e da creche). Ilustra com um dos subprojetos, cujo objetivo é investigar o papel mediador dos adultos (pais e educadoras de creche), em relaçäo aos bebês, na apresentaçäo das novas pessoas e situaçöes
Assuntos
Creches , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Relações Mãe-FilhoRESUMO
O artigo apresenta uma visao compacta da situacao atual das creches no Brasil. Compara-a com a de outros paises, argumentando a favor da urgente necessidade de pesquisas neste campo. Apresenta um projeto, ainda em desenvolvimento, sobre os processos de adaptacao de bebes e de suas familias quando ingressam na creche, considerando-os como resultantes de multiplos fatores (biologicos, psicossociais e historicos do bebe, da familia e da creche). Ilustra com um dos subprojetos, cujo objetivo e investigar o papel mediador dos adultos (pais e educadoras de creche), em relacao aos bebes, na apresentacao das novas pessoas e situacoes.