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Objetivo: Neste estudo, tem-se por objetivo analisar as necessidades de melhorias dos registros, monitoramento e avaliação do e-SUS APS na perspectiva dos cirurgiões-dentistas do Distrito Sanitário I do Recife-PE. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, realizadas entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2022, com 8 (oito) cirurgiões-dentistas de equipes de saúde bucal. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Percebe-se que a integração das informações, por meio do software e-SUS APS, facilitou o processo de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, entretanto, constata-se a necessidade de capacitações dos profissionais de saúde e gestores para o planejamento de atividades com base nas informações produzidas, além do aperfeiçoamento do referido software para incluir especificidades da saúde bucal. Conclusões: O e-SUS APS trouxe melhorias na qualidade e consistência das informações produzidas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, porém apresenta vários aspectos que necessitam ser melhorados.

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Objetivo: A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas de um Distrito Sanitário da cidade do Recife-PE sobre registros, monitoramentos e avaliações realizadas no e-SUS APS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista individual com roteiro semiestruturado, entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2022, com oito cirurgiões-dentistas de equipes de saúde bucal do Distrito Sanitário I do município de Recife, Pernambuco. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise das informações produzidas através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: O e-SUS APS facilitou o processo de trabalho dos pesquisados ao simplificar o registro e a consulta das informações dos usuários, proporcionando o acompanhamento da situação de saúde. No entanto, este vem sendo subutilizado. Já no que se refere às fragilidades, os entrevistados destacaram barreiras relacionadas à estrutura das unidades de saúde, como situações técnicas de conectividade da internet, assim como necessidade de capacitações eficazes e periódicas. Conclusões: O estudo revelou que um dos problemas que permeiam a operacionalização do e-SUS APS diz respeito a sua subutilização. Existe a necessidade de capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas para o uso do e-SUS APS e há investimento na infraestrutura das unidades básicas de saúde, pois a informatização ainda é precária.

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Purpose: To prospectively review the importance of biomechanical assessment in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis, individualized planning, and clinical follow-up for ectatic corneal diseases.Methods: We demonstrate two commercially available devices to assess the corneal biomechanics in vivo, the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichester, NY, USA) and the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Novel devices have been demonstrated to provide in vivo biomechanical measurements, including Brillouin optical microscopy and OCT elastography. Conclusion: The integration of biomechanical data and other data from multimodal refractive imaging using artificial intelligence demonstrated the ability to enhance accuracy in diagnosing ectatic corneal diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) and its associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2019 National Health Survey, with 88,531 adults, using logistic regression to identify associated factors. RESULTS: CBP was reported by 21.6% of adults and was more likely to occur among women (odds ratio - OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.19-1.35), increased with age: 25-34 years (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11-1.51), 35-44 (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.54-2.07), 45-54 years (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.91-2.59), 55-64 years (OR=2.47; 95%CI 2.12-2.88), and 65 years or older (OR=2.17; 95%CI 1.85-2.54); among smokers (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.13-1.35); ex-smokers (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.21-1.39); those who mentioned heavy housework (OR=1.41; 95%CI 1.31-1.53); obesity (OR=1.12; 95%CI 1.03-1.21); hypertension (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.11-1.32); high cholesterol (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.42-1.65); with self-rated health - with a very good reference - in the gradients: good (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.23-1.55), regular (OR=2.64; 95%CI 2.34-2.98), poor (OR=4.24; 95%CI 3.64-4.94), and very poor (OR=5.24; 95%CI 4.13-6.65); its likelihood was lower in adults with complete elementary school/incomplete high school (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.75-0.90) and complete high school/incomplete higher education (OR=0.87; 95%CI 0.81-0.95). CONCLUSION: Back pain has a high prevalence and shows associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and self-rated health.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da dor crônica na coluna (DCC) e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal analisando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, com 88.531 adultos, usando regressão logística para identificar fatores associados. RESULTADOS: A DCC foi apontada por 21,6% dos adultos, mostrou maior chance em mulheres (odds ratio ­ OR=1,27; intervalo de confiança de 95% ­ IC95% 1,19­1,35), aumentou com a idade de 25­34 anos (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,11­1,51), 35­44 (OR=1,78; IC95% 1,54­2,07), 45­54 anos (OR=2,23; IC95% 1,91­2,59), 55­64 anos (OR=2,47; IC95% 2,12­2,88) e 65 anos ou mais (OR=2,17; IC95% 1,85­2,54); fumantes (OR=1,24; IC95% 1,13­1,35); ex-fumantes (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,21­1,39); que citaram atividade física doméstica pesada (OR=1,41; IC95% 1,31­1,53); obesidade (OR=1,12; IC95% 1,03­1,21); hipertensos (OR=1,21; IC95% 1,11­1,32); colesterol aumentado (OR=1,53; IC95% 1,42­1,65); autoavaliação, cuja referência era muito boa, mostrou gradiente boa (OR=1,38; IC95% 1,23­1,55); regular (OR=2,64; IC95% 2,34­2,98), ruim (OR=4,24; IC95% 3,64­4,94), e muito ruim (OR=5,24; IC95% 4,13­6,65); e menor chance em adultos com ensino fundamental completo/ensino médio incompleto (OR=0,82; IC95% 0,75­0,90) e médio completo/superior incompleto (OR=0,87; IC95% 0,81­0,95). CONCLUSÃO: A dor na coluna tem elevada prevalência e mostra associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, estilo de vida, doenças crônicas e autoavaliação de saúde.

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Knowledge of biomechanical principles has been applied in several clinical conditions, including correcting intraocular pressure measurements, planning and following corneal treatments, and even allowing an enhanced ectasia risk evaluation in refractive procedures. The investigation of corneal biomechanics in keratoconus (KC) and other ectatic diseases takes place in several steps, including screening ectasia susceptibility, the diagnostic confirmation and staging of the disease, and also clinical characterization. More recently, investigators have found that the integration of biomechanical and tomographic data through artificial intelligence algorithms helps to elucidate the etiology of KC and ectatic corneal diseases, which may open the door for individualized or personalized medical treatments in the near future. The aim of this article is to provide an update on corneal biomechanics in the screening, diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment of KC.

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Introduction: Migration has become a major challenge for many countries, and women constitute half of the migrants in the world. Few studies have been conducted on migrant mothers in Brazil. We aim to identify differences in the pregnancies, childbirths, and live birth (LB) indicators of immigrant women, compared with those of Brazilian women living in the municipality of São Paulo (MSP), Brazil. Methods: The LB characteristics of immigrant mothers from Bolivia (15,886), China (3861), Paraguay (1370), and Peru (1039) were compared with those of Brazilian mothers (967,921) living in the MSP between 2012 and 2017. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare proportions with a significance level of 5%. Results: Teenage pregnancy and low education were more frequent among Bolivian (13.1 and 31.7%, respectively) and Paraguayan mothers (13.1 and 36.2%). Bolivian women exhibited a high percentage of late-onset prenatal care (8.7%), few prenatal visits (14.3%), vaginal birth (77.0%), home delivery (1.6%), and postterm (3.6%). Bolivian (13.6%), Peruvian (10.6%), and Paraguayan (7.9%) women exhibited a higher prevalence of macrosomia than Chinese (4.3%) and Brazilian (4.0%) women. There was a high prevalence of preterm and low birth weights among Paraguayan (12.5 and 7.7%, respectively) and Brazilian mothers (11.0 and 9.7%) and a high rate of cesarean sections among Chinese (42.1%) and Brazilian (53.5%). Conclusion: Differences were observed in the sociodemographic profiles for the pregnancies, childbirths, and LBs of immigrant mothers, in view of their increase and diversity in the MSP. There was greater vulnerability among immigrant mothers, compared with Brazilian mothers, particularly regarding access to prenatal care.

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Objetivo:Verificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à incontinência urinária em mulheres jovens nulíparas. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através de busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde (LILACS), Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde (IBECS) e na Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), no período de março a junho de 2021, utilizando os descritores: "incontinência urinária", "prevalência", "mulheres", "estudantes" e "adulto jovem" combinados através do operador booleano "AND". Resultados: A busca inicial resultou em 234 artigos e, após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, obteve-se uma amostra final de 5 artigos. Após as análises, evidenciou-se prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres jovens nulíparas de 48%. Os fatores de risco foram: atividade física de alto impacto, duração da atividade física, sintomas intestinais e urinários concomitantes. Conclusão: Observou-se que a ocorrência de incontinência urinária em mulheres jovens nulíparas é uma condição comum, os fatores de risco associados demonstram a necessidade de orientação em saúde a essas mulheres para evitar a cronificação do agravo.

Objective:To verify the prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in nulliparous young women. Methods: Integrative literature review, performed by searching the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences (IBECS) and in the Nursing Database (BDENF), from March to June 2021, using the descriptors: "urinary incontinence", "prevalence", "women", "students" and "young adult" combined with the Boolean operator "AND". Results: The initial search resulted in 234 articles and, after applying the eligibility criteria, a final sample of 5 articles was obtained. After the analyses, a prevalence of urinary incontinence in young nulliparous women of 48% was evidenced. Risk factors were: high-impact physical activity, duration of physical activity, concomitant bowel and urinary symptoms. Conclusion: It was observed that the occurrence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous young women is a common condition. The associated risk factors demonstrate the need for health guidance to these women to avoid the chronification of the disease.

Objetivo:Verificar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a incontinencia urinaria en mujeres jóvenes nulíparas. Método: Revisión integral de literatura realizada a través de búsqueda en las bases de datos: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDILINE) Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias De Salud (LILACS), Índice bibliográfico español en ciencias de salud (IBECS) y en la Base de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF), en el periodo de marzo a junio del 2021 utilizando los descriptores "incontinencia urinaria", "prevalencia", "mujeres", "estudiantes" y "adulto joven" combinados a través del operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Después del análisis se evidenció una prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria en mujeres jóvenes nulíparas de 48%. Los factores de riesgo fueron: actividad física de alto impacto, duración de actividad física, síntomas intestinales y urinarios concomitantes. Conclusión: Se observó que la ocurrencia de incontinencia urinaria en mujeres jóvenes nulíparas es una condición común. Los factores de riesgo asociados demuestran la necesidad de orientación en salud a esas mujeres para evitar la cronificación de la gravedad.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da dor crônica na coluna (DCC) e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência. Métodos: Estudo transversal analisando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, com 88.531 adultos, usando regressão logística para identificar fatores associados. Resultados: A DCC foi apontada por 21,6% dos adultos, mostrou maior chance em mulheres (odds ratio — OR=1,27; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,19-1,35), aumentou com a idade de 25-34 anos (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,11-1,51), 35-44 (OR=1,78; IC95% 1,54-2,07), 45-54 anos (OR=2,23; IC95% 1,91-2,59), 55-64 anos (OR=2,47; IC95% 2,12-2,88) e 65 anos ou mais (OR=2,17; IC95% 1,85-2,54); fumantes (OR=1,24; IC95% 1,13-1,35); ex-fumantes (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,21-1,39); que citaram atividade física doméstica pesada (OR=1,41; IC95% 1,31-1,53); obesidade (OR=1,12; IC95% 1,03-1,21); hipertensos (OR=1,21; IC95% 1,11-1,32); colesterol aumentado (OR=1,53; IC95% 1,42-1,65); autoavaliação, cuja referência era muito boa, mostrou gradiente boa (OR=1,38; IC95% 1,23-1,55); regular (OR=2,64; IC95% 2,34-2,98), ruim (OR=4,24; IC95% 3,64-4,94), e muito ruim (OR=5,24; IC95% 4,13-6,65); e menor chance em adultos com ensino fundamental completo/ensino médio incompleto (OR=0,82; IC95% 0,75-0,90) e médio completo/superior incompleto (OR=0,87; IC95% 0,81-0,95). Conclusão: A dor na coluna tem elevada prevalência e mostra associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, estilo de vida, doenças crônicas e autoavaliação de saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2019 National Health Survey, with 88,531 adults, using logistic regression to identify associated factors. Results: CBP was reported by 21.6% of adults and was more likely to occur among women (odds ratio — OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.19-1.35), increased with age: 25-34 years (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11-1.51), 35-44 (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.54-2.07), 45-54 years (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.91-2.59), 55-64 years (OR=2.47; 95%CI 2.12-2.88), and 65 years or older (OR=2.17; 95%CI 1.85-2.54); among smokers (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.13-1.35); ex-smokers (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.21-1.39); those who mentioned heavy housework (OR=1.41; 95%CI 1.31-1.53); obesity (OR=1.12; 95%CI 1.03-1.21); hypertension (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.11-1.32); high cholesterol (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.42-1.65); with self-rated health — with a very good reference — in the gradients: good (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.23-1.55), regular (OR=2.64; 95%CI 2.34-2.98), poor (OR=4.24; 95%CI 3.64-4.94), and very poor (OR=5.24; 95%CI 4.13-6.65); its likelihood was lower in adults with complete elementary school/incomplete high school (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.75-0.90) and complete high school/incomplete higher education (OR=0.87; 95%CI 0.81-0.95). Conclusion: Back pain has a high prevalence and shows associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and self-rated health.

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An insult can trigger a protective response or even cell death depending on different factors that include the duration and magnitude of the event and the ability of the cell to activate protective intracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines. Our previous work showed that the treatment of Lister Hooded rat retinal cell cultures with 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, increases the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) kept in culture for 48 h after axotomy. Here we aim to analyze how PMA modulates the levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß (both key inflammatory mediators) and the impact of this modulation on RGCs survival. We hypothesize that the increase in RGCs survival mediated by PMA treatment depends upon modulation of the levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α. The effect of PMA treatment was assayed on cell viability, caspase 3 activation, TNF-α and IL-1ß release and TNF receptor type I (TNFRI) and TNF receptor type II (TNFRII) levels. PMA treatment increases IL-1ß and TNF-α levels in 15 min in culture and increases the release of both cytokines after 30 min and 24 h, respectively. Both IL-1ß and TNF-α levels decrease after 48 h of PMA treatment. PMA treatment also induces an increase in TNFRII levels while decreasing TNFRI after 24 h. PMA also inhibited caspase-3 activation, and decreased ROS production and EthD-1/calcein ratio in retinal cell cultures leading to an increase in cell viability. The neutralization of IL-1ß (anti-IL1ß 0,1ng/mL), the neutralization of TNF-α (anti-TNF-α 0,1ng/mL) and the TNF-α inhibition using a recombinant soluble TNFRII abolished PMA effect on RGCs survival. These data suggest that PMA treatment induces IL1ß and TNF-α release and modulation of TNFRI/TNFRII expression promoting RGCs survival after axotomy.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has devastating effects on the population worldwide. Given this scenario, the extent of the impact of the disease on more vulnerable individuals, such as pregnant women, is of great concern. Although pregnancy may be a risk factor in respiratory virus infections, there are no considerable differences regarding COVID-19 severity observed between pregnant and nonpregnant women. In these circumstances, an emergent concern is the possibility of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric harm for the offspring of infected mothers. Currently, there is no stronger evidence indicating vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, the exacerbated inflammatory response observed in the disease could lead to several impairments in the offspring's brain. Furthermore, in the face of historical knowledge on possible long-term consequences for the progeny's brain after infection by viruses, we must consider that this might be another deleterious facet of COVID-19. In light of neuroimmune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface, we review here the possible harmful outcomes to the offspring brains of mothers infected by SARS-CoV-2.

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BACKGROUND: The term sepsis is used to designate a systemic condition of infection and inflammation associated with hemodynamic changes that result in organic dysfunction. Gestational sepsis can impair the development of the central nervous system and may promote permanent behavior alterations in the offspring. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of maternal sepsis on inflammatory cytokine levels and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum of neonatal, young, and adult mice. Additionally, we analyzed the motor development, behavioral features, and cognitive impairments in neonatal, young and adult offspring. METHODS: Pregnant mice at the 14th embryonic day (E14) were intratracheally instilled with saline 0.9% solution (control group) or Klebsiella spp. (3 × 108 CFU) (sepsis group) and started on meropenem after 5 h. The offspring was sacrificed at postnatal day (P) 2, P8, P30, and P60 and samples of liver, lung, and brain were collected for TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 measurements by ELISA. Synaptophysin, PSD95, and ß-tubulin levels were analyzed by Western blot. Motor tests were performed at all analyzed ages and behavioral assessments were performed in offspring at P30 and P60. RESULTS: Gestational sepsis induces a systemic pro-inflammatory response in neonates at P2 and P8 characterized by an increase in cytokine levels. Maternal sepsis induced systemic downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum an inflammatory response was detected. These changes in the brain immunity were accompanied by a reduction of synaptophysin and PSD95 levels in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum, in all ages. Behavioral tests demonstrated motor impairment in neonates, and depressive-like behavior, fear-conditioned memory, and learning impairments in animals at P30 and P60, while spatial memory abilities were affected only at P60, indicating that gestational sepsis not only induces an inflammatory response in neonatal mouse brains, but also affects neurodevelopment, and leads to a plethora of behavioral alterations and cognitive impairments in the offspring. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that maternal sepsis may be causatively related to the development of depression, learning, and memory impairments in the litter.

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BACKGROUND: Motor learning (ML) science is foundational for physical therapy. However, multiple sources of evidence have indicated a science-practice gap. Clinicians report low self-efficacy with ML concepts and indicate that the lack of access to systematic training is a barrier for practical implementation. The general goal of this preliminary study was to describe the effects of a new educational intervention on physical therapy student's ML self-efficacy and knowledge. METHODS: Self-efficacy was assessed with the Physical Therapists' Perceptions of Motor Learning questionnaire. Data was acquired from third-semester students before their participation in the ML educational intervention. Reference self-efficacy data was also acquired from physical therapy professionals and first and last-semester students. The educational intervention for third-semester students was designed around an established framework to apply ML principles to rehabilitation. A direct experience, the "Learning by Doing" approach, in which students had to choose a motor skill to acquire over 10 weeks, provided the opportunity to apply ML theory to practice in a personally meaningful way. After the intervention self-efficacy was re-tested. ML knowledge was tested with an objective final exam. Content analysis of coursework material was used to determine how students comprehended ML theory and related it to their practical experience. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare self-efficacy scores between the four groups. Changes in self-efficacy after the educational intervention were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to test the association between self-efficacy and final exam grades. RESULTS: By the end of the intervention, students' self-efficacy had significantly increased (p < 0.03), was higher than that of senior students (p < 0.00) and experienced professionals (p < 0.00) and correlated with performance on an objective knowledge test (p < 0.03). Content analysis revealed that students learned to apply the elements of ML-based interventions present in the scientific literature to a real-life, structured ML program tailored to personal objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Positive improvements were observed after the intervention. These results need confirmation with a controlled study. Because self-efficacy mediates the clinical application of knowledge and skills, systematic, active training in ML may help reduce the science-practice gap.

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BACKGROUND: Excessive stress and anxiety can impair learning. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valuable tool to assess and promote the acquisition of clinical skills. However, significant OSCE-related stress and anxiety are frequently reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between physiological stress, self-reported levels of anxiety due to an OSCE, self-efficacy, and the meanings that physical therapy students attribute to their experience with the exam. DESIGN: Concurrent mixed methods study. METHODS: A total of 32 students took part in this study. All were enrolled in the third semester of a 10-semester Physical Therapy Bachelor Program. Salivary cortisol levels, self-reported anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) were measured before the OSCE. Exam scores and self-efficacy ratings were also recorded. Correlations between variables were tested with the Pearson correlation, with ɑ at 0.05. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the personal perspectives of students. Thematic analysis was used to investigate emergent themes. RESULTS: Trait anxiety scores were significantly higher than normative values (p < 0.001). A high proportion of students showed high (STAI> 49) state anxiety (37.5%) and trait anxiety (65.6%). Salivary cortisol was not associated anxiety (p > 0.05). Neither stress nor anxiety correlated with OSCE scores. A moderate and significant direct correlation was found for self-efficacy scores and OSCE scores (r = 0.475, p = 0.007). Students reported that confidence had a calming effect and led to better self-perceived performance. They also reported that the OSCE can provide meaningful learning experiences despite being stressful. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of our students reported a stable/lingering negative affect. However, neither stress nor anxiety related to OSCE scores. Students' confidence in their capabilities was correlated with their performance. Their subjective reports suggest that self-confidence may have protected them from the negative effects of stress and anxiety on academic performance.

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Introdução: A imigração tem se tornado um grande desafio, o que exige, tanto dos países de origem quanto dos países receptores, esforços constantes em responder às necessidades dessas populações. Atualmente o município de São Paulo, polo de empregos, é um grande receptor de imigrantes, com grande volume de mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Sendo essas populações mais vulneráveis devido à dificuldade do acesso à saúde, por barreiras linguísticas e culturais, faz-se necessário um maior enfoque na saúde reprodutiva dessas mulheres. Objetivos: Analisar se existem diferenças na gestação, parto e nascidos vivos (NV) de imigrantes em comparação às brasileiras, segundo naturalidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal sobre nascidos vivos no município de São Paulo, entre 2012 e 2017, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Foram comparadas as características de mães imigrantes e brasileiras; foi analisada a evolução de NV de 11 nacionalidades, e para cinco (Bolívia, China, Paraguai, Angola e Peru) foram comparadas suas características com as brasileiras. Foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central e proporções e calculado teste de qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5% Foram utilizados os softwares Excel e SPSS 17.0. Resultados: Do total de 998.205 NV, 3% são filhos de mães imigrantes. Não houve diferenças entre a idade média das mães imigrantes e brasileiras. Foi mais frequente entre as brasileiras: mães adolescentes (13,0%), idade >=35 anos (18,4%), ensino superior completo/incompleto (28,0%), raça/cor branca (50,7%), parto cesáreo (53,5%), >=7 consultas de pré-natal (77,1%), início precoce ao pré-natal (83,3%), baixo peso ao nascer (9,7%) e pré-termo (11,0%); todas as diferenças estatisticamente significantes (P<0,001). Entre as mães imigrantes foi maior: nenhuma ou baixa escolaridade (24,4%), ter companheiro (57,2%), multíparas (65,7%), com 1 ou mais gestações anteriores (65,6%), parto vaginal (65,7%), <=3 consultas de pré-natal (11,6%), início tardio ao pré-natal (7º mês em diante, 7%). Por nacionalidade destacaram-se maiores proporções de adolescentes entre bolivianas (13,1%), paraguaias (13,1%) e brasileiras (13,0%); as mães angolanas com ensino superior completo/incompleto (37,1%), multíparas (78,2%), 1 ou mais perdas fetais/aborto (33,0%), início tardio ao pré-natal (12,0%), <=3 consultas de pré- natal (17,6%), pré-termo (16,4%) e baixo peso ao nascer (14,9%). Entre as mães bolivianas, encontraram-se maiores proporções de parto vaginal (77,0%) e domiciliar (1,6%), RN pós-termo (3,6%) e peso >4000g (13,6%). Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças nos perfis das mães brasileiras e imigrantes segundo características sociodemográficas, da gestação, do parto e de nascidos vivos, assim como entre as diferentes nacionalidades das mães. É recomendável pensar em políticas públicas específicas para abranger os diferentes aspectos culturais dos diferentes grupos de mães, visando ampliar o acesso e obter melhores resultados para sua saúde reprodutiva.

Introduction: Immigration has become a major challenge, requiring constant efforts by both countries of origin and receiving countries to meet the needs of these populations. Currently, the municipality of São Paulo is a large receiving of immigrants, with large numbers of women of reproductive age. As these populations are more vulnerable due to the difficulty of access to health, due to linguistic and cultural barriers, thus a greater focus on the reproductive health of these women is necessary. Objectives: To analyze if there are differences in gestation, delivery and live births (LB) of immigrants in comparison to Brazilians, according to their country origin. Methods: A cross-sectional study on live births was carried out in the city of São Paulo, between 2012 and 2017, based on data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc). The characteristics of immigrant and Brazilian mothers were compared; the evolution of live birth of 11 nationalities was analyzed, and for five (Bolivia, China, Paraguay, Angola and Peru) their characteristics were compared with the Brazilian ones. Measurements of central tendency and proportions were used and chi-square test with significance level of 5%; processed in Excel and SPSS 17.0. Results: Of the total of 998,205 live birth, 3% are children of immigrant mothers. There were no differences between the average age of immigrant and Brazilian mothers. It was more frequent among Brazilian women: adolescent mothers (13.0%), age >=35 years (18.4%); higher education (28.0%), race/color white (50.7%), cesarean section (53.5%), >=7 prenatal appointment (77.1%), early prenatal care (83.3%), low birth weight (LBW) (9.7%) and preterm LB (11.0%), all differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Among the immigrant mothers, the highest proportions were: none or low schooling (24.4%), with partner (57.2%), multiparous (65.7%), 1 or more previous pregnancies (65.6%), vaginal delivery (65.7%), <=3 prenatal appointment (11.6%), late onset to prenatal care (7th month onwards, 7%). By nationality, the highest proportions of adolescents were: Bolivians (13.1%), Paraguayans (13.1%) and Brazilians (13.0%); the Angolan mothers were high education (37.1%), multiparous (78.2%), 1 or more fetal losses/abortion (33.0%), late onset to prenatal care (12.0%), <=3 prenatal appointments (17.6%), preterm birth (16.4%) and LBW (14.9%). Among the Bolivian mothers, were found higher proportions: vaginal birth (77.0%) and home birth (1.6%), post-term LB (3.6%) andweight >4000g (13.6%). Conclusion: Differences were found in profiles of Brazilian and immigrant mothers according to sociodemographic, gestation, delivery and live births characteristics, as well as the different nationalities of the mothers. It is recommended to think about specific public policies to cover the different cultural aspects of the different groups of mothers, in order to increase access and obtain better results for their reproductive health.

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RESUMO

Introdução: A imigração tem se tornado um grande desafio, o que exige, tanto dos países de origem quanto dos países receptores, esforços constantes em responder às necessidades dessas populações. Atualmente o município de São Paulo, polo de empregos, é um grande receptor de imigrantes, com grande volume de mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Sendo essas populações mais vulneráveis devido à dificuldade do acesso à saúde, por barreiras linguísticas e culturais, faz-se necessário um maior enfoque na saúde reprodutiva dessas mulheres. Objetivos: Analisar se existem diferenças na gestação, parto e nascidos vivos (NV) de imigrantes em comparação às brasileiras, segundo naturalidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal sobre nascidos vivos no município de São Paulo, entre 2012 e 2017, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Foram comparadas as características de mães imigrantes e brasileiras; foi analisada a evolução de NV de 11 nacionalidades, e para cinco (Bolívia, China, Paraguai, Angola e Peru) foram comparadas suas características com as brasileiras. Foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central e proporções e calculado teste de qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5% Foram utilizados os softwares Excel e SPSS 17.0. Resultados: Do total de 998.205 NV, 3% são filhos de mães imigrantes. Não houve diferenças entre a idade média das mães imigrantes e brasileiras. Foi mais frequente entre as brasileiras: mães adolescentes (13,0%), idade >=35 anos (18,4%), ensino superior completo/incompleto (28,0%), raça/cor branca (50,7%), parto cesáreo (53,5%), >=7 consultas de pré-natal (77,1%), início precoce ao pré-natal (83,3%), baixo peso ao nascer (9,7%) e pré-termo (11,0%); todas as diferenças estatisticamente significantes (P<0,001). Entre as mães imigrantes foi maior: nenhuma ou baixa escolaridade (24,4%), ter companheiro (57,2%), multíparas (65,7%), com 1 ou mais gestações anteriores (65,6%), parto vaginal (65,7%), <=3 consultas de pré-natal (11,6%), início tardio ao pré-natal (7º mês em diante, 7%). Por nacionalidade destacaram-se maiores proporções de adolescentes entre bolivianas (13,1%), paraguaias (13,1%) e brasileiras (13,0%); as mães angolanas com ensino superior completo/incompleto (37,1%), multíparas (78,2%), 1 ou mais perdas fetais/aborto (33,0%), início tardio ao pré-natal (12,0%), <=3 consultas de pré- natal (17,6%), pré-termo (16,4%) e baixo peso ao nascer (14,9%). Entre as mães bolivianas, encontraram-se maiores proporções de parto vaginal (77,0%) e domiciliar (1,6%), RN pós-termo (3,6%) e peso >4000g (13,6%). Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças nos perfis das mães brasileiras e imigrantes segundo características sociodemográficas, da gestação, do parto e de nascidos vivos, assim como entre as diferentes nacionalidades das mães. É recomendável pensar em políticas públicas específicas para abranger os diferentes aspectos culturais dos diferentes grupos de mães, visando ampliar o acesso e obter melhores resultados para sua saúde reprodutiva. _i pt

Introduction: Immigration has become a major challenge, requiring constant efforts by both countries of origin and receiving countries to meet the needs of these populations. Currently, the municipality of São Paulo is a large receiving of immigrants, with large numbers of women of reproductive age. As these populations are more vulnerable due to the difficulty of access to health, due to linguistic and cultural barriers, thus a greater focus on the reproductive health of these women is necessary. Objectives: To analyze if there are differences in gestation, delivery and live births (LB) of immigrants in comparison to Brazilians, according to their country origin. Methods: A cross-sectional study on live births was carried out in the city of São Paulo, between 2012 and 2017, based on data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc). The characteristics of immigrant and Brazilian mothers were compared; the evolution of live birth of 11 nationalities was analyzed, and for five (Bolivia, China, Paraguay, Angola and Peru) their characteristics were compared with the Brazilian ones. Measurements of central tendency and proportions were used and chi-square test with significance level of 5%; processed in Excel and SPSS 17.0. Results: Of the total of 998,205 live birth, 3% are children of immigrant mothers. There were no differences between the average age of immigrant and Brazilian mothers. It was more frequent among Brazilian women: adolescent mothers (13.0%), age >=35 years (18.4%); higher education (28.0%), race/color white (50.7%), cesarean section (53.5%), >=7 prenatal appointment (77.1%), early prenatal care (83.3%), low birth weight (LBW) (9.7%) and preterm LB (11.0%), all differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Among the immigrant mothers, the highest proportions were: none or low schooling (24.4%), with partner (57.2%), multiparous (65.7%), 1 or more previous pregnancies (65.6%), vaginal delivery (65.7%), <=3 prenatal appointment (11.6%), late onset to prenatal care (7th month onwards, 7%). By nationality, the highest proportions of adolescents were: Bolivians (13.1%), Paraguayans (13.1%) and Brazilians (13.0%); the Angolan mothers were high education (37.1%), multiparous (78.2%), 1 or more fetal losses/abortion (33.0%), late onset to prenatal care (12.0%), <=3 prenatal appointments (17.6%), preterm birth (16.4%) and LBW (14.9%). Among the Bolivian mothers, were found higher proportions: vaginal birth (77.0%) and home birth (1.6%), post-term LB (3.6%) andweight >4000g (13.6%). Conclusion: Differences were found in profiles of Brazilian and immigrant mothers according to sociodemographic, gestation, delivery and live births characteristics, as well as the different nationalities of the mothers. It is recommended to think about specific public policies to cover the different cultural aspects of the different groups of mothers, in order to increase access and obtain better results for their reproductive health. _i em

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The present study describes the use of the traditional species Copaifera for treating wounds, such as ulcers scarring and antileishmanial wounds. It also relates phytochemical studies, evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity, and toxicity. The species of Copaifera with a higher incidence in the Amazon region are Copaifera officinalis, Copaifera reticulata, Copaifera multijuga Hayne. The copaiba oil is used in the Amazon's traditional medicine, especially as anti-inflammatory ingredient, in ulcers healing, and in scarring and for leishmaniasis. Chemical studies have shown that these oils contain diterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The copaiba oil and terpenes isolated have antiparasitic activity, more promising in the amastigote form of L. amazonensis. This activity is probably related to changes in the cell membrane and mitochondria. The oil showed low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Furthermore, it may interfere with immune response to infection and also has a healing effect. In summary, the copaiba oil is promising as leishmanicidal agent.

RESUMO

Microplastics, which are accumulating in marine sediments, are assumed to pose a risk for deposit feeding invertebrates. We tested whether the fiddler crab Uca rapax ingests and retains microplastics in its body. Furthermore, we investigated whether retention rates depend on (a) the quality of the marine environment in which the plastics were pre-weathered and on (b) their abundance. For this, polystyrene pellets were submersed at a polluted and a pristine site near Niterói, Brazil, for 2 weeks. Then specimens of U. rapax were, in laboratory experiments, exposed to fragments (180-250 µm) derived from these pellets for 2 months. After this period, microplastics were observed in the gills, stomach and hepatopancreas of the animals. However, fragment retention was not influenced by the two factors that we manipulated. The presence of microplastics in different organs of the crab supports the assumption that these particles have the potential to harm marine invertebrates.

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Introduction: Dentistry courses conduct preclinical laboratory trainings and research using extracted human teeth. For a safe usage of those teeth, it is necessary to subject them to cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and proper storage to ensure they are free of biological residues. Each of these steps should be properly described in standard operating procedures (SOPs) and in the processing protocol of the Human Tooth Bank (HTB). Objective: To create a processing protocol for Human Tooth Bank based on a literature review on cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and storage methods for extracted human teeth. Literature review: The hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment are essential at all stages of processing. The previous cleaning of the tooth is essential, preferably with enzymatic detergent, and complemented by ultrasonic washing machine. The water quality should be considered in cleaning, washing, dilution of the enzymatic detergent and in the ultrasonic washing machine. Due to the prohibition of immersion use of chemical solution as sterilizing agents, saturated steam under pressure is widely used. Freezing is the recommended storage method because neither it alters dental structures nor affects research results. All this information should be consider for the elaboration of the processing protocol for extracted human teeth. Each action taken requires a detailed description and must be validated by the institution. Conclusion: The adoption of a protocol with SOPs for cleaning, disinfecting and/or sterilization and storage of human teeth in HTB standardize the processing and minimize exposure to biological agents, enabling the use of the tooth under appropriate conditions for research and laboratory preclinical training.

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The ingestion of Maillard-reaction products (MRP) has increased over thelast decades in the urban areas and there are evidences that these substancesmay be absorbed and can play an important role in pathologies. PRM determination in processed foods, as well as their ingestion level from the daily diet, have been evaluated by several studies in countries within the Northern hemisphere, but there are no equivalent studies in South America. In this study, we evaluated the contents of furosine (FUR), hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF), carboxymethyllysine (CML) and fluorescent substances in flake cereals, granola-type cereals, medium-roasted coffee and powder milk from different brands. Fluorescent spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography and immunoenzymatic methods were employed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. A great variation in MRP content for the same food product was observed. Powder milk, despite being the food product with the highest lipid content, has a low MRP content (average 7.6 mg/100g), while coffee has the highest amount (278.6 mg/100g) due to the severe thermal treatment it undergoes.These data are representative of these food products available in the marketand may be used for estimating MRP intake by the population.

El consumo de productos de la reacción de Maillard (PRM) en las áreas urbanas aumentó en las últimas décadas y hay evidencias de que estas substancias son absorbidas y pueden participar en procesos patológicos. La determinación del teor de PRM en alimentos industrializados, así como el consumo de estos compuestos a partir de la dieta ha sido evaluado en estudios conducidos en países del hemisferio Norte, pero no hay estudios equivalente en la America del Sur. En este trabajo analizamos los tenores de substancias fluorescentes, furosina, hidroximetilfurfural y carboximetillisina encereales del tipo escamas, cereales del tipogranola, café en polvo de torrefacción media, gelatina "diet" y leche en polvo integral dediferentes marcas y lotes. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron espectrofotometría de fluorescencia, cromatografía líquida de alto desempeño y teste inmunoenzimático. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis decomponentes principales (PCA). Se observó grande variación en el contenido de PRM en los alimentos analizados. La leche en polvo, apesar de ser al alimento con mayor contenido de lípidos, presentó baja concentración de PRM (tenor medio 7,6mg/100g) mientras el café en polvo presentó el mayor contenido de PRM (278,6mg/100g) debido a la severidad del tratamiento térmico a que es sometido. Los datos obtenidos son representativos de los productos disponibles al consumidor y pueden ser utilizados para estimar el consumo de PRM por la población.

O consumo de produtos da reação de Maillard (PRM), nas áreas urbanas, aumentou nas últimas décadas e há evidências de que estas substâncias são absorvidas e podem tomar parte em processos patológicos. A determinação do teor de PRM em alimentos industrializados, assim como o consumo destes compostos a partir da dieta, têm sido avaliados em estudos conduzidos em países do hemisfério Norte. Não há estudos equivalentes na América do Sul. Neste trabalho, analisamos os teores de substâncias fluorescentes, furosina, hidroximetilfurfural e carboximetillisina em cereais do tipo flocos e do tipo granola, café em pó torra média, gelatina diet e leite integral em pó integral de diferentes marcas e lotes. As técnicas utilizadas foram espectrofotometria defluorescência, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e teste imunoenzimático. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Observou-se grande variabilidade no teor de PRM, nos alimentos analisados. O leite em pó, apesar de ser o alimento com maior teor delipídios, apresentou baixa concentração de PRM(teor médio 7,6mg/100g) enquanto o café em pó, apresentou o maior teor de PRM (278,6mg/100g) devido à severidade do tratamento térmico ao qual é submetido. Os dados obtidos são representativos dos produtos disponíveis ao consumidor e podem ser utilizados para estimar o consumo de PRM pela população. Palavras-chave: Reação de Maillard.

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