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PURPOSE: This study compared, through biomechanical evaluation under ventral flexion load, four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs. METHODS: In total, 28 identical atlantoaxial joint models were created by digital printing from computed tomography images of a dog, and the specimens were divided into four groups of seven. In each group, a different technique for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint was performed: transarticular lag screws, polyaxial screws, multiple screws and bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate-PMMA), and atlantoaxial plate. After the stabilization technique, biomechanical evaluation was performed under ventral flexion load, both with a predefined constant load and with a gradually increasing load until stabilization failure. RESULTS: All specimens, regardless of stabilization technique, were able to support the predefined load without failing. However, the PMMA method provided significant more rigidity (p ≤ 0.05) and also best resisted the gradual increase in load, supporting a significantly higher maximum force (p ≤ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in flexural strength between the transarticular lag screws and plate groups. The polyaxial screws method was significantly less resistant to loading (p ≤ 0.05) than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The PMMA technique had biomechanical advantages in ventral atlantoaxial stabilization over the other evaluated methods.

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Purpose: This study compared, through biomechanical evaluation under ventral flexion load, four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs. Methods: In total, 28 identical atlantoaxial joint models were created by digital printing from computed tomography images of a dog, and the specimens were divided into four groups of seven. In each group, a different technique for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint was performed: transarticular lag screws, polyaxial screws, multiple screws and bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate­PMMA), and atlantoaxial plate. After the stabilization technique, biomechanical evaluation was performed under ventral flexion load, both with a predefined constant load and with a gradually increasing load until stabilization failure. Results: All specimens, regardless of stabilization technique, were able to support the predefined load without failing. However, the PMMA method provided significant more rigidity (p ≤ 0.05) and also best resisted the gradual increase in load, supporting a significantly higher maximum force (p ≤ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in flexural strength between the transarticular lag screws and plate groups. The polyaxial screws method was significantly less resistant to loading (p ≤ 0.05) than the other groups. Conclusions: The PMMA technique had biomechanical advantages in ventral atlantoaxial stabilization over the other evaluated methods.

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A six-month-old male Brazilian Terrier with persistent cough and dyspnea was diagnosed with intrathoracic tracheal collapse and pneumonia after chest radiographics. The medical treatment was performed, and an extraluminal nitinol prosthesis was placed through thoracic access. The dog did not presented recurrence of dyspnea or pneumonia for four years after the surgical procedure. Placement of the extraluminal prosthesis with the thoracic approach effectively stabilized intrathoracic tracheal collapse without causing any structural damage in the thoracic region. Therefore, this is the first report of a successful use of this prosthesis with an intercostal approach in dogs for intrathoracic trachea collapse.

Um cão macho, da raça Terrier Brasileiro de seis meses de idade, com dispnéia e tosse persistente foi diagnosticado com colapso traqueal intratorácico e pneumonia após estudo radiográfico de tórax. Foi instituído tratamento médico e realizada toracotomia para a implantação de prótese traqueal extraluminal de nitinol. O animal não manifestou dispneia ou pneumonia durante os quatro anos posteriores ao procedimento. A implantação da prótese extraluminal através da toracotomia foi eficaz para o tratamento do colapso traqueal intratorácico, sem provocar danos estruturais na região torácica. Desta forma, este é primeiro relato da utilização bem-sucedida deste tipo de prótese, a partir da abordagem intercostal, no tratamento de cães com colapso traqueal intratorácico.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the applicability of piezosurgery for cervical ventral slot (CVS), comparing it with the conventional technique of using high-speed burs for bone wear. METHODS: Thirty rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into two treatment groups (T1 and T2) corresponding to CVS between C3-C4. In T1, the surgery was performed with piezoelectric apparatus, and in T2 with high-speed burs. The evaluated parameters were: duration of each stage of surgery, temperature variations during CVS, visibility of the surgical field, intra and postoperative complications, and anesthetic monitoring. At 14, 28, and 56 postoperative days, five animals from each treatment group were submitted for histopathological study of the surgical site. RESULTS: Compared with T2, T1 had more precise bone cut, and better visibility of the operative field, although it required longer total surgical time (p = 0.02) and triggered a greater number of intraoperative complications (p < 0.01), microscopic lesions in the spinal cord (p < 0.05), and transient neurological deficits in the postoperatively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to perform surgical planning and have several tips of the piezoelectric instrument available for the safe use of the piezoelectric device in neurosurgery.

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Background: Coxofemoral luxation is the most common traumatic luxation in dogs and the iliotrochanteric suture is one of the surgical treatment options. The orthopedic suture aimed at surgically restoring joint movement should be employed in an isometric manner in order to maintain adequate tension throughout the arc of motion. This study aimed to determine the isometric points for the iliotrochanteric suture in dogs during the joint extension and flexion movements. This evaluation was performed both in the intact hip joint and in the luxation model, establishing the best combination, among the determined points, for the reestablishment of normal joint movement. Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic analyses of 12 canine cadaveric hips, both intact and in craniodorsal luxation model, were performed in a neutral position, flexion at 50°, and extension at 150°. In the trochanteric segment, two parallel lines were drawn, creating the central vertical axis and the secondary vertical axis. Three points were then determined on each axis, from proximal to distal, corresponding to 25, 50, and 75% of the height of the axis, and were labelled as T1, T2, and T3 and T4, T5, and T6, respectively. In the iliac segment, a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ilium was drawn, and 25, 50, and 75% of this height corresponded to points I1, I2, and I3, respectively. The lengths between the points were measured, with the objective of evaluating which combination of points presented less variation in the joint positions. The central location of the iliac and trochanteric segments, determined respectively by I2 and T2, provided smaller variations during the maximal movements of hip flexion and extension. Discussion: The surgical techniques of iliotrochanteric suture target to maintain the internal rotation of the femoral head inside the acetabulum and abduction of the femur until...

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Uma cadela sem raça definida, de cinco anos de idade, deu entrada para atendimento apresentando sintomatologia neurológica aguda caracterizada por ataxia, rigidez muscular de membros torácicos, marcante depressão, letargia, fraqueza, incoordenação, midríase e diminuição bilateral de reflexo pupilar. A paciente foi internada, sendo observada uma evolução do quadro para tetraparesia com sialorreia e prostração após 12 horas. Houve dois episódios de vômito 24 horas após o internamento, evidenciando-se grande quantidade de sementes de Talisia esculenta inteiras e trituradas. A literatura cita casos de intoxicação por ingestão de folhas e frutos da T. esculenta em bovinos e ovinos com sintomatologia semelhante. O objetivo do presente relato é registrar o referido caso, uma vez que não foram encontradas referências abordando tal tema em animais de companhia na literatura consultada.(AU)

A five-year-old mongrel bitch was admitted for acute care presenting neurological symptoms such as ataxia, muscular stiffness on forelimbs, pronounced depression, lethargy, weakness, incoordination, mydriasis and bilaterally decreased pupillary reflex. Twelve hours post-admittance, the patient developed tetraparesis, salivation and prostration; 24 hours post-admittance, the patient vomited both crushed and intact seeds of Talisia esculenta. Literature reports cases of sheep and cattle poisoning with similar symptoms by ingestion of fruits and leaves of T. esculenta. The aim of this article is to report this case, since no such records in companion animals are available.(AU)

Una perra mestiza de cinco años fue atendida presentando sintomatología neurológica aguda caracterizada por ataxia, rigidez muscular en miembros anteriores, marcada depresión, letargia, debilidad, incoordinación, midriasis y disminución bilateral del reflejo pupilar. La paciente fue internada y se pudo observar una evolución del cuadro a una tetraparesia com sialorrea y postración después de 12 horas. Veinticuatro horas después de internada, la paciente vomitó, momento en el cual se hizo evidente la presencia de una gran cantidad de semillas enteras y trituradas de Talisia esculenta. La literatura cita casos de intoxicación por ingesta de hojas y frutos de T. esculenta en bovinos y ovinos, que presentan una sintomatología similar. El objetivo del presente relato es registrar el caso referido, ya que no se encontraron trabajos en la literatura consultada, relacionados con este tema en animales de compañía.(AU)

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Uma cadela sem raça definida, de cinco anos de idade, deu entrada para atendimento apresentando sintomatologia neurológica aguda caracterizada por ataxia, rigidez muscular de membros torácicos, marcante depressão, letargia, fraqueza, incoordenação, midríase e diminuição bilateral de reflexo pupilar. A paciente foi internada, sendo observada uma evolução do quadro para tetraparesia com sialorreia e prostração após 12 horas. Houve dois episódios de vômito 24 horas após o internamento, evidenciando-se grande quantidade de sementes de Talisia esculenta inteiras e trituradas. A literatura cita casos de intoxicação por ingestão de folhas e frutos da T. esculenta em bovinos e ovinos com sintomatologia semelhante. O objetivo do presente relato é registrar o referido caso, uma vez que não foram encontradas referências abordando tal tema em animais de companhia na literatura consultada.

A five-year-old mongrel bitch was admitted for acute care presenting neurological symptoms such as ataxia, muscular stiffness on forelimbs, pronounced depression, lethargy, weakness, incoordination, mydriasis and bilaterally decreased pupillary reflex. Twelve hours post-admittance, the patient developed tetraparesis, salivation and prostration; 24 hours post-admittance, the patient vomited both crushed and intact seeds of Talisia esculenta. Literature reports cases of sheep and cattle poisoning with similar symptoms by ingestion of fruits and leaves of T. esculenta. The aim of this article is to report this case, since no such records in companion animals are available.

Una perra mestiza de cinco años fue atendida presentando sintomatología neurológica aguda caracterizada por ataxia, rigidez muscular en miembros anteriores, marcada depresión, letargia, debilidad, incoordinación, midriasis y disminución bilateral del reflejo pupilar. La paciente fue internada y se pudo observar una evolución del cuadro a una tetraparesia com sialorrea y postración después de 12 horas. Veinticuatro horas después de internada, la paciente vomitó, momento en el cual se hizo evidente la presencia de una gran cantidad de semillas enteras y trituradas de Talisia esculenta. La literatura cita casos de intoxicación por ingesta de hojas y frutos de T. esculenta en bovinos y ovinos, que presentan una sintomatología similar. El objetivo del presente relato es registrar el caso referido, ya que no se encontraron trabajos en la literatura consultada, relacionados con este tema en animales de compañía.

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