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OBJECTIVE: The study's aim was to evaluate Brazilian Brown Propolis (BBP) and Artepillin C (ARC) chemopreventive action in Wistar rats' colons. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into ten experimental groups, including control groups, groups with and without 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induction, and BBP, ARC, and ARC enriched fraction (EFR) treatments, for sixteen weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were classified as hyperplastic or dysplastic, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was quantified. RESULT: ACF amounts in experimental groups (induced or not) decreased in both colon portions, while the isolated Aberrant Crypt (AC) number increased. Experimental groups of animals showed higher hyperplasia and dysplasia amounts compared with control groups. The ACF dysplastic amount present in groups induced and treated, in both colon portions, had similar values to IDMH (DMH induction group without treatment). In addition, DMH was effective in ACF inducing and there was positive staining for PCNA in basal and upper dysplastic foci portions in all experimental groups, in the mitotic index (MI) evaluation. To conclude, considering all the experimental groups, the one treated with EFR (fraction enriched with ARC) had the lowest rates of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: BBP and its derivatives prevented crypt cell clonal expansion.
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Focos de Criptas Aberrantes , Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias do Colo , Fenilpropionatos , Própole , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/uso terapêutico , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina/toxicidade , Brasil , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , CarcinógenosRESUMO
Introdução: As infecções do trato respiratório representam importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo. Dentre as apresentações clínicas das infecções virais temos a síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) que é um quadro de síndrome gripal com sinais de gravidade, representando um agravo de notificação compulsória. Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência da síndrome respiratória aguda grave na população de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, durante o período de 5 anos. Material e Métodos: Os dados clínico/epidemiológicos presentes nas fichas de notificação entre os anos de 2016 a 2021 foram fornecidos pela vigilância epidemiológica do município sendo submetidos à análise, perfazendo 20.817 pacientes estudados. Resultados: A média de idade entre 2016 e 2019 foi de 24,36 anos (DP± 25,7) e entre 2020 e 2021 a média foi de 52,17 anos (DP± 24,4). Entre 2016-2019, o acometimento por faixa etária, se concentrou entre pacientes infantis (0-2 anos) 25,41% dos casos, crianças (3-12 anos) 22,31% e adultos jovens (18-39 anos) 23,45% dos casos. Entre 2019 e 2021, houve mudança nesse perfil com maior ocorrência dos casos concentrados em adultos de meia idade e idosos. Em relação à etiologia, o vírus Influenza foi responsável por 6,11 % dos casos, 19,4% foram causados por outros vírus respiratórios e o SARS-CoV-2 em 2 anos foi responsável por 72,59% dos casos. Entre 2019 e 2021, 99,41% dos casos precisaram de internação sendo que 48,01% dos pacientes foram para a unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Pacientes com fatores de risco apresentaram Odds Ratio de 3,7 de evoluir para óbito. Conclusão: Em Juiz de Fora, há um predomínio de casos em pacientes de 0-12 anos seguidos por adultos jovens (18-39 anos). A Covid-19 alterou o perfil epidemiológico de acometimento. Outros vírus respiratórios, além do Influenza podem ser etiologia de casos graves. Quase 100% dos casos necessitaram de internação em enfermaria, além disso, quase 50% dos casos necessitam de cuidados em UTI.
Introduction: Respiratory tract infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the clinical presentations of viral infections the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which is a severe flu-like syndrome with signs of severity, representing a notifiable condition. Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in the population of Juiz de Fora, MG, during a 5-year period. Material and Methods: Clinical/epidemiological data from notification forms between the years 2016 and 2021 were provided by the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality and subjected to analysis, comprising 20,817 studied patients.Results: The mean age between 2016 and 2019 was 24.36 years (SD ± 25.7), and between 2020 and 2021, the average age was 52.17 years (SD ± 24.4). Between 2016-2019, the affected age groups were mainly Infants (0-2 years) accounting for 25.41% of cases, Children (3-12 years) with 22.31%, and Young Adults (18-39 years) with 23.45% of cases. Between 2019 and 2021, there was a profile change, with a higher occurrence of cases concentrated among middle-aged adults and the elderly. Regarding etiology, the Influenza virus was responsible for 6.11% of cases, 19.4% were caused by other respiratory viruses, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus accounted for 72.59% of cases in a years period. Between 2019-2021, 99.41% of cases required hospitalization, with 48.01% of patients admitted to the ICU. Patients with risk factors presented an odds ratio of 3.7 to progress to death. Conclusion: In Juiz de Fora city, there is a predominance of cases in patients aged 0-12, followed by young adults (18-39 years). COVID-19 has altered the epidemiological profile of SARS. Besides Influenza, other respiratory viruses can be the etiology of severe cases. Almost 100% of the cases required hospitalization in the ward, and nearly 50% of the cases required ICU care.
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OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the feasibility and preliminary results of implementing a telehealth system, Alice Agora, as a tool for optimizing health delivery in a new primary care-based health system. RESULTS: We had 4193 consultations over the last 6 months (February and August 2021). Preliminary results show patients high level of satisfaction (Consumer satisfaction score of 4.92). The chief complaints were related to upper respiratory tract (n = 1542; 28.5%), gastrointestinal (n = 781; 14.43%), musculoskeletal (n = 607; 11.22%), and other (n = 643; 11.88%). We found that 20.1% (842) of the cases were solved digitally, that is, by a chat only with a nurse, through the use of health protocols, and 43.9% were solved by nurses with medical assistance. Only 6.6% (277) of the cases had to be referred to the emergency room (ER). This means that 64% of the cases were completely resolved by our nurses-driven system. Forty-eight hours readmission rates were higher for the uncoordinated ER cases compared with the coordinated cases (14.81% vs. 5.87%; p = 0.016). The same pattern was observed for the 72-h readmission rates (16.67 vs. 7.26%; p = 0.02).
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Satisfação do Paciente , Telemedicina , Comportamento do Consumidor , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , HumanosRESUMO
Cisto veloso eruptivo é condição dermatológica rara e benigna do desenvolvimento dos folículos pilosos do tipo vellus, que acomete principalmente crianças e adultos jovens, e se caracteriza por múltiplas pápulas assintomáticas, especialmente no tronco. Apresentamos o caso de um homem adulto, de 33 anos, branco, que apresentava múltiplas pápulas eritematosas e pústulas, localizadas no tronco há cerca de cinco anos, refratárias a tratamentos tópicos para acne. A dermatoscopia revelou lesões ovaladas, com exulceração excêntrica e raras estruturas filiformes acrômicas protrusas do seu interior. Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico de cisto veloso eruptivo a partir dos achados da dermatoscopia e do exame histopatológico
Eruptive vellus hair cyst is a rare and benign dermatological condition in the development of vellus-type hair follicles. It affects mainly children and young adults, and is characterized by multiple asymptomatic papules, especially on the trunk. We report the case of a 33-year-old white man who presented multiple erythematous papules and pustules located on the trunk for about five years, refractory to topical treatments for acne. Dermoscopy revealed oval lesions with eccentric exulceration and rare protruding filiform structures. We established the diagnosis of eruptive vellus hair cyst based on the findings of dermoscopy and histopathological examination.
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Introdução: Com o avanço da análise digital de imagens, análises preditivas e métodos de aprendizagem de máquina, surgiram estudos referentes ao uso da inteligência artificial nos exames de imagem como a dermatoscopia. Objetivo: Construção, teste e implementação de uma rede neural artificial baseada em características de imagens dermatoscópicas. Métodos: Foram incluídas 1949 imagens de nevos melanocíticos e melanomas, tanto de arquivos dos autores, quanto de bancos de imagens dermatoscópicas disponíveis na internet, e desenvolvidas rotinas e plugins para a extração de 58 características aplicadas a um algoritmo de construção de rede neural multicamadas. Quarenta imagens aleatórias foram também avaliadas por 52 dermatologistas e os acertos comparados. Resultados: O treinamento e o teste da rede neural obtiveram uma porcentagem correta de classificação de 78,5 e 79,1%, respectivamente, com uma curva ROC abrangendo 86,5% da área. A sensibilidade e especificidade dos dermatologistas foi de 71,8 e 52%. Para as mesmas imagens e um ponto de corte de 0,4 (40%) do valor de saída, o aplicativo obteve valores de 62 e 56%, respectivamente. Conclusões: Modelos de rede neural multicamada podem auxiliar na avaliação dermatoscópica de nevos melanocíticos e melanomas, quanto ao diagnóstico diferencial entre eles.
Introduction: With the advancement of digital image analysis, predictive analysis, and machine learning methods, studies have emerged regarding the use of artificial intelligence in imaging tests such as dermoscopy. Objective: Construction, testing, and implementation of an artificial neural network based on characteristics of dermoscopic images. Methods: 1949 images of melanocytic nevi and melanomas were included, both from the authors' files and from dermoscopic image banks available on the internet, and routines and plugins were developed to extract 58 features applied to a multilayered neural network construction algorithm. Also, 52 dermatologists assessed 40 random images and compared the results compared. Results: The training and testing of the neural network obtained a correct percentage of classification of 78.5% and 79.1%, respectively, with a ROC curve covering 86.5% of the area. The sensitivity and specificity of dermatologists were 71.8% and 52%. For the same images and a cutoff point of 0.4 (40%) of the output value, the application obtained 62% and 56% values, respectively. Conclusions: Multilayer neural network models can assist in the dermoscopic evaluation of melanocytic nevi and melanomas regarding the differential diagnosis between them
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Histiocitoma fibroso maligno (MFH) ou sarcoma pleomórfico indiferenciado (UPS) é um sarcoma moderadamente agressivo, capaz de invadir estruturas adjacentes. Trata-se de neoplasia mesenquimal que predomina em homens entre a sexta e sétima décadas de vida. Localiza-se, principalmente, nos membros inferiores, podendo acometer cabeça e pescoço, tronco e retroperitônio, com tendência à recorrência e à metástase local. O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de MFH no tornozelo de uma mulher de 49 anos, com invasão óssea adjacente, que evoluiu com amputação transtibial. São abordados aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, histopatológicos e terapêuticos, salientando-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a sarcoma capable of invading adjacent structures. It is a mesenchymal neoplasia that predominates in men between the sixth and seventh decades of life. It is located mainly in the lower limbs and may affect the head and neck, trunk, and retroperitoneum, presenting a tendency to recurrence and local metastasis. This report aims to present a case of MFH in the ankle of a 49-year-old woman with an adjacent bone invasion, which evolved with transtibial amputation. Clinical, radiological, histopathological, and therapeutic aspects were addressed, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis
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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do monitoramento da pressão intracraniana nos desfechos em curto prazo de pacientes com lesão encefálica traumática. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e observacional que incluiu 299 pacientes consecutivos admitidos por lesão cerebral traumática entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2012 em um centro de trauma Nível 1 localizado em São Paulo (SP). Os pacientes foram categorizados em dois grupos, segundo a mensuração da pressão intracraniana (grupos com mensuração da pressão intracraniana e sem mensuração da pressão intracraniana). Aplicamos uma análise de propensão pareada para ajustar quanto a possíveis fatores de confusão (variáveis contidas no algoritmo prognóstico CRASH Score). Resultados: A mortalidade global aos 14 dias (16%) foi equivalente à observada em países desenvolvidos no estudo CRASH, e melhor que o previsto com base na calculadora de escore CRASH (20,6%), com uma proporção padronizada de mortalidade de 0,77. No total, 28 pacientes receberam monitoramento da pressão intracraniana (grupo com mensuração da pressão intracraniana), dos quais 26 foram pareados em proporção 1:1 com pacientes do grupo sem mensuração da pressão intracraniana. Não houve melhora no grupo com mensuração da pressão intracraniana em comparação àquele sem mensuração da pressão intracraniana quanto à mortalidade hospitalar, à mortalidade aos 14 dias, ou à mortalidade combinada hospitalar e em hospital de retaguarda. A sobrevivência até 14 dias foi também similar entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os pacientes que receberam monitoramento da pressão intracraniana tendem a ser portadores de lesões encefálicas mais graves. Porém, após ajustar quanto a múltiplos fatores de confusão com a utilização de um escore de propensão, não se observou qualquer benefício em termos de sobrevivência entre os pacientes com monitoramento da pressão intracraniana em relação aos tradados segundo um protocolo clínico sistematizado.
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of intracranial pressure monitoring on the short-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury patients. Methods: Retrospective observational study including 299 consecutive patients admitted due to traumatic brain injury from January 2011 through July 2012 at a Level 1 trauma center in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were categorized in two groups according to the measurement of intracranial pressure (measured intracranial pressure and non-measured intracranial pressure groups). We applied a propensity-matched analysis to adjust for possible confounders (variables contained in the Crash Score prognostic algorithm). Results: Global mortality at 14 days (16%) was equal to that observed in high-income countries in the CRASH Study and was better than expected based on the CRASH calculator score (20.6%), with a standardized mortality ratio of 0.77. A total of 28 patients received intracranial pressure monitoring (measured intracranial pressure group), of whom 26 were paired in a 1:1 fashion with patients from the non-measured intracranial pressure group. There was no improvement in the measured intracranial pressure group compared to the non-measured intracranial pressure group regarding hospital mortality, 14-day mortality, or combined hospital and chronic care facility mortality. Survival up to 14 days was also similar between groups. Conclusion: Patients receiving intracranial pressure monitoring tend to have more severe traumatic brain injuries. However, after adjusting for multiple confounders using propensity scoring, no benefits in terms of survival were observed among intracranial pressure-monitored patients and those managed with a systematic clinical protocol.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pressão Intracraniana , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Brasil , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Pontuação de Propensão , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to reassess the concepts established over the past 20 years, in particular in the last 5 years, about the use of methylene blue in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery. METHODS: A wide literature review was carried out using the data extracted from: MEDLINE, SCOPUS and ISI WEB OF SCIENCE. RESULTS: The reassessed and reaffirmed concepts were 1) MB is safe in the recommended doses (the lethal dose is 40 mg/kg); 2) MB does not cause endothelial dysfunction; 3) The MB effect appears in cases of NO up-regulation; 4) MB is not a vasoconstrictor, by blocking the cGMP pathway it releases the cAMP pathway, facilitating the norepinephrine vasoconstrictor effect; 5) The most used dosage is 2 mg/kg as IV bolus, followed by the same continuous infusion because plasma concentrations sharply decrease in the first 40 minutes; and 6) There is a possible "window of opportunity" for MB's effectiveness. In the last five years, major challenges were: 1) Observations about side effects; 2) The need for prophylactic and therapeutic guidelines, and; 3) The need for the establishment of the MB therapeutic window in humans. CONCLUSION: MB action to treat vasoplegic syndrome is time-dependent. Therefore, the great challenge is the need, for the establishment the MB therapeutic window in humans. This would be the first step towards a systematic guideline to be followed by possible multicenter studies.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Vasoplegia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: la identificación temprana de los pacientes con enfermedad renal permite realizar tratamientos que limitan la progresión del daño de este órgano y modificar los factores de riesgo asociados que contribuyen al aumento de su morbilidad. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la Enfermedad renal crónica oculta (ERCO) en la población del Bañado Sur y sus factores de riesgo. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años de edad del Barrio Bañado Sur, Asunción, Paraguay. La toma de muestras se realizó en forma aleatoria, recorriendo casa por casa para determinar variables demográficas, clínicas y laboratoriales. Se determinó el filtrado glomerular aplicando la fórmula de MDRD-4 y se clasificaron los pacientes según el filtrado glomerular (FG), en estadios 1 a 5. Resultados: se estudiaron 75 personas con edad media 39 años±17 años, predominio del sexo femenino (66%). La creatinina sérica media fue 0,97 0,4 mg/dL, la glicemia media fue 109± 54 mg/dL, la FG media por MDRD-4 fue 90,32 ± 37,55 mL/min. Los pacientes se encontraban con distintos grados de función renal de acuerdo a los valores de FG. Se encontraron 34 personas en el estadio 1 (45%), 28 personas en el estadio 2 (37%), 10 personas en el estadio 3 (13%), 3 personas en el estadio 4 (4%) y ninguna persona en estadio 5. De ahí que 13 sujetos (17%) ya se hallaban con ERCO. Conclusión: la prevalencia de ERCO fue 17%. Es recomendable utilizar el filtrado glomerular por la fórmula MDRD-4 para evaluar la función renal en pacientes con factores de riesgo como obesidad, hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: The early identification of renal disease patients allow treatments that limit the evolution of kidney damage and modify associated risk factors that contribute to the increase of morbidity. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the occult chronic kidney disease (OCKD) in the population of the South Wetland (Bañado Sur) and their risk factors. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study performed in men and women older than 18 years old in the South Wetland neighborhood of Asunción, Paraguay. Sample collection was made randomly, visiting house per house to determine demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. Glomerular filtration was determined using the MDRD-4 formula and patients were classified in 1 to 5 stages using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results: Seventy people were studied, the mean age was 39±17 years old and there was a predominance of women (66%). The mean serum creatinine was 0.97±0.4 mg/dL, the mean glycemia was 109±54 mg/dL, and the mean GF by MDRD-4 was 90.32±37.55 mL/min. The patients were in different stages of renal function according to the GF. Thirty four people were in stage 1 (45%), 28 people in stage 2 (37%), 10 people in stage 3 (13%), 3 people in stage 4 (4%) and none was in stage 5. Thirteen (17%) subjects had already OCKD. Conclusion: The prevalence of OCKD was 17%. It is recommended to use glomerular filtration by MDRD-4 formula to evaluate the renal function in patients with risk factors such as obesity, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
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Objective: This study was conducted to reassess the concepts established over the past 20 years, in particular in the last 5 years, about the use of methylene blue in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery. Methods: A wide literature review was carried out using the data extracted from: MEDLINE, SCOPUS and ISI WEB OF SCIENCE. Results: The reassessed and reaffirmed concepts were 1) MB is safe in the recommended doses (the lethal dose is 40 mg/kg); 2) MB does not cause endothelial dysfunction; 3) The MB effect appears in cases of NO up-regulation; 4) MB is not a vasoconstrictor, by blocking the cGMP pathway it releases the cAMP pathway, facilitating the norepinephrine vasoconstrictor effect; 5) The most used dosage is 2 mg/kg as IV bolus, followed by the same continuous infusion because plasma concentrations sharply decrease in the first 40 minutes; and 6) There is a possible "window of opportunity" for MB's effectiveness. In the last five years, major challenges were: 1) Observations about side effects; 2) The need for prophylactic and therapeutic guidelines, and; 3) The need for the establishment of the MB therapeutic window in humans. Conclusion: MB action to treat vasoplegic syndrome is time-dependent. Therefore, the great challenge is the need, for the establishment the MB therapeutic window in humans. This would be the first step towards a systematic guideline to be followed by possible multicenter studies. .
Objetivo: O presente estudo foi realizado com a finalidade de reavaliar conceitos estabelecidos em 20 anos, com ênfase nos últimos 5 anos, sobre a utilização do azul de metileno no tratamento da síndrome vasoplégica em cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Foram considerados dados da literatura utilizando-se três bases de dados (MEDLINE, SCOPUS e ISI Web of Science). Resultados: Os conceitos reavaliados e reafirmados foram: 1) Nas doses recomendadas o AM é seguro (a dose letal é de 40 mg/kg); 2) O AM não causa disfunção endotelial; 3) O efeito do AM só aparece em caso de supra nivelamento do NO; 4) O AM não é um vasoconstritor, pelo bloqueio da via GMPc ele libera a via do AMPc, facilitando o efeito vasoconstritor da norepinefrina; 5) A dosagem mais utilizada é de 2 mg/kg, como bolus EV, seguida de infusão contínua porque as concentrações plasmáticas decaem fortemente nos primeiros 40 minutos, e; 6) Existe uma "janela de oportunidade" precoce para efetividade do AM. Nos últimos cinco anos, os principais desafios foram: 1) Observações de efeitos colaterais; 2) A necessidade de diretrizes, e; 3) A necessidade da determinação de uma janela terapêutica para o uso do AM em humanos. Conclusão: O efeito do AM no tratamento da SV é dependente do tempo, portanto, o grande desafio atual é a necessidade do estabelecimento da janela terapêutica do AM em humanos. Esse seria o primeiro passo para a sistematização de uma diretriz a ser seguida por possíveis estudos multicêntricos. .
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Animais , Cães , Camundongos , /farmacologia , Cálcio/farmacologia , Catecolaminas/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Nó Sinoatrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Taquicardia/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Microscopia Confocal , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Nó Sinoatrial/metabolismo , Taquicardia/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of intracranial pressure monitoring on the short-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury patients. METHODS: Retrospective observational study including 299 consecutive patients admitted due to traumatic brain injury from January 2011 through July 2012 at a Level 1 trauma center in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were categorized in two groups according to the measurement of intracranial pressure (measured intracranial pressure and non-measured intracranial pressure groups). We applied a propensity-matched analysis to adjust for possible confounders (variables contained in the Crash Score prognostic algorithm). RESULTS: Global mortality at 14 days (16%) was equal to that observed in high-income countries in the CRASH Study and was better than expected based on the CRASH calculator score (20.6%), with a standardized mortality ratio of 0.77. A total of 28 patients received intracranial pressure monitoring (measured intracranial pressure group), of whom 26 were paired in a 1:1 fashion with patients from the non-measured intracranial pressure group. There was no improvement in the measured intracranial pressure group compared to the non-measured intracranial pressure group regarding hospital mortality, 14-day mortality, or combined hospital and chronic care facility mortality. Survival up to 14 days was also similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Patients receiving intracranial pressure monitoring tend to have more severe traumatic brain injuries. However, after adjusting for multiple confounders using propensity scoring, no benefits in terms of survival were observed among intracranial pressure-monitored patients and those managed with a systematic clinical protocol.
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Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Pressão Intracraniana , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Adulto , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/mortalidade , Brasil , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Em janeiro de 2013, uma catástrofe ocorrida em Santa Maria (RS), decorrente de um incêndio em ambiente fechado, resultou em 242 mortes, a maioria por lesões inalatórias. Em novembro de 2013, quatro vítimas necessitaram de suporte intensivo após inalação de fumaça em incêndio no Memorial da América Latina, em São Paulo (SP). Este artigo relata a evolução clínica e o manejo dos pacientes com lesão inalatória vítimas de uma catástrofe. Os pacientes ERL e OC apresentaram insuficiência respiratória precoce com broncoaspiração de material carbonáceo e intoxicação por monóxido de carbono. Foi instituído suporte ventilatório com oxigênio a 100%, retirada do material aspirado por broncoscopia, e terapia empírica com nitrito de sódio e tiossulfato de sódio para intoxicação por cianeto. O paciente RP apresentou tosse e queimação retroesternal. Evoluiu com insuficiência respiratória por edema de via aérea alta e infecção pulmonar precoce, manejados com ventilação pulmonar protetora e antimicrobianos. Foi extubado após melhora do edema no seguimento broncoscópico. O paciente MA, asmático, apresentou intoxicação por monóxido de carbono e broncoespasmo, sendo tratado com hiperóxia normobárica, broncodilatadores e corticoterapia. A estadia na unidade de terapia intensiva variou de 4 e 10 dias, e todos os pacientes apresentaram boa recuperação funcional no seguimento. Em conclusão, nos incêndios em ambientes fechados, as lesões inalatórias têm papel preponderante. O suporte ventilatório invasivo não deve ser postergado em caso de edema significativo de via aérea. A hiperóxia deve ser instituída precocemente como terapêutica para intoxicação por monóxido de carbono, bem como terapia farmacológica empírica para intoxicação por cianeto em caso de suspeita.
On January 2013, a disaster at Santa Maria (RS) due to a fire in a confined space caused 242 deaths, most of them by inhalation injury. On November 2013, four individuals required intensive care following smoke inhalation from a fire at the Memorial da América Latina in São Paulo (SP). The present article reports the clinical progression and management of disaster victims presenting with inhalation injury. Patients ERL and OC exhibited early respiratory failure, bronchial aspiration of carbonaceous material, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Ventilation support was performed with 100% oxygen, the aspirated material was removed by bronchoscopy, and cyanide poisoning was empirically treated with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate. Patient RP initially exhibited cough and retrosternal burning and subsequently progressed to respiratory failure due to upper airway swelling and early-onset pulmonary infection, which were treated with protective ventilation and antimicrobial agents. This patient was extubated following improvement of edema on bronchoscopy. Patient MA, an asthmatic, exhibited carbon monoxide poisoning and bronchospasm and was treated with normobaric hyperoxia, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. The length of stay in the intensive care unit varied from four to 10 days, and all four patients exhibited satisfactory functional recovery. To conclude, inhalation injury has a preponderant role in fires in confined spaces. Invasive ventilation should not be delayed in cases with significant airway swelling. Hyperoxia should be induced early as a therapeutic means against carbon monoxide poisoning, in addition to empiric pharmacological treatment in suspected cases of cyanide poisoning.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono/terapia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Lesão por Inalação de Fumaça/terapia , Brasil , Espaços Confinados , Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono/etiologia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Incêndios , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To test the tolerance and safety of an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre performed in the immediate postoperative period of corrective open heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease associated with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary arterial hypertension due to left-to-right shunt. METHODS: Ten infants aged 1-24 months with congenital heart disease associated with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary artery hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg) were evaluated. The alveolar recruitment manoeuvre was performed in the operating theatre right after skin closure, and consisted of three successive stages of 30 s each, intercalated by a 1-min interval of baseline ventilation. Positive end-expiratory pressure was set to 10 cmH2O in the first stage and to 15 cmH2O in the two last ones, while the peak inspiratory pressure was kept at to 30 cmH2O in the first stage and at 35 cmH2O in the latter ones. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were recorded. RESULTS: There was a slight but significant increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure from baseline to Stage 3 (P = 0.0009), as well as between Stages 1 and 2 (P = 0.0001), and 1 and 3 (P = 0.001), with no significant difference between Stages 2 and 3 (P = 0.06). Upon completion of the third stage, there were significant increases in arterial haemoglobin saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (P = 0.0009), arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen (P = 0.04), venous blood oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (P = 0.03) and arterial oxygen partial pressure over inspired oxygen fraction ratio (P = 0.04). A significant reduction in arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P = 0.01) and in end tidal carbon dioxide also occurred (P = 0.009). The manoeuvre was well tolerated and besides a slight and transitory elevation in mean pulmonary artery, no other adverse haemodynamic or ventilatory effect was elicited. CONCLUSIONS: The alveolar recruitment manoeuvre seemed to be safe and well tolerated immediately after open heart surgery in infants liable to pulmonary hypertensive crises.
Assuntos
Pressão Arterial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/métodos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Circulação Pulmonar , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/sangue , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Masculino , Oxigênio/sangue , Pressão Parcial , Projetos Piloto , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
On January 2013, a disaster at Santa Maria (RS) due to a fire in a confined space caused 242 deaths, most of them by inhalation injury. On November 2013, four individuals required intensive care following smoke inhalation from a fire at the Memorial da América Latina in São Paulo (SP). The present article reports the clinical progression and management of disaster victims presenting with inhalation injury. Patients ERL and OC exhibited early respiratory failure, bronchial aspiration of carbonaceous material, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Ventilation support was performed with 100% oxygen, the aspirated material was removed by bronchoscopy, and cyanide poisoning was empirically treated with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate. Patient RP initially exhibited cough and retrosternal burning and subsequently progressed to respiratory failure due to upper airway swelling and early-onset pulmonary infection, which were treated with protective ventilation and antimicrobial agents. This patient was extubated following improvement of edema on bronchoscopy. Patient MA, an asthmatic, exhibited carbon monoxide poisoning and bronchospasm and was treated with normobaric hyperoxia,bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. The length of stay in the intensive care unit varied from four to 10 days, and all four patients exhibited satisfactory functional recovery. To conclude, inhalation injury has a preponderant role in fires in confined spaces. Invasive ventilation should not be delayed in cases with significant airway swelling. Hyperoxia should be induced early asa therapeutic means against carbon monoxide poisoning, in addition to empiric pharmacological treatment in suspected cases of cyanide poisoning.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono/terapia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Lesão por Inalação de Fumaça/terapia , Adulto , Brasil , Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono/etiologia , Espaços Confinados , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Incêndios , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To present a surgical variant technique to repair left ventricular aneurysms. METHODS: After anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass, and myocardial protection with hyperkalemic tepic blood cardioplegia: 1) The left ventricle is opened through the infarct and an endocardial encircling suture is placed at the transitional zone between the scarred and normal tissue; 2) Next, the scar tissue is circumferentially plicated with deep stitches using the same suture thread, taking care to eliminate the entire septal scar; 3) Then, a second encircling suture is placed, completing the occlusion of the aneurysm, and; 4) Finally, the remaining scar tissue is oversewn with an invaginating suture, to ensure hemostasis. Myocardium revascularization is performed after correction of the left ventricle aneurysm. The same surgeon performed all the operations. RESULTS: Regarding the post-surgical outcome 4 patients (40%) had surgery 8 eight years ago, 2 patients (20%) were operated on over 6 years ago, and 1 patient (10%) was operated on more than 5 years ago. Three patients (30%) were in functional class I, class II in 2 patients (20%) and 2 patients (20%) with severe comorbidities remains in class III of the NYHA. There were three deaths (at four days, 15 days and eight months) in septuagenarians with acute myocardial infarction, diabetes and pulmonary emphysema. CONCLUSION: The technique is easy to perform, safe and it can be an option for the correction of left ventricle aneurysms.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/cirurgia , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Feminino , Aneurisma Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Ilustração Médica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Técnicas de Sutura , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Submitted July 20, 2011; Accepted October 6, 2011. Neoaortic root dilatation and neoaortic valve regurgitation following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries may ultimately require neoaortic root and/or neoaortic valve surgery. The ideal surgical approach to these lesions remains debatable. Hazekamp et al, in 1997, introduced the replacement of the neoaortic root by the neopulmonary autograft and named this procedure the switch back Ross operation. We report two patients who were successfully treated at our institution with the switch back Ross operation, with good results at, respectively, four- and five-year follow-up.