RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Young adults with patellofemoral pain (PFP) have a high prevalence of being overweight or obese, which is associated with impaired lower limb function and muscle weakness. However, the impact of being overweight or obese on pain sensitivity has not been explored. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between body fat, skeletal muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI) with pressure hyperalgesia and self-reported pain in young adults with PFP. METHODS: 114 adults with PFP (24 ± 5 years old, 62% women) were recruited. Demographics and self-reported pain (current and worst knee pain intensity in the previous month - 0-100 mm visual analog scale) were recorded. Body fat and skeletal muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance. Pressure hyperalgesia was measured using a handheld algometer (pressure pain threshold) at three sites: center of patella of the painful knee, ipsilateral tibialis anterior, and contralateral upper limb. The association between body fat, skeletal muscle mass, and BMI with pressure hyperalgesia and self-reported pain were investigated using partial correlations and hierarchical regression models (adjusted for sex, bilateral pain, and symptoms duration). RESULTS: Higher body fat and lower skeletal muscle mass were associated with local, spread, and widespread pressure hyperalgesia (ΔR2=0.09 to 0.17, p ≤ 0.001; ΔR2=0.14 to 0.26, p<0.001, respectively), and higher current self-reported pain (ΔR2=0.10, p<0.001; ΔR2=0.06, p = 0.007, respectively). Higher BMI was associated with higher current self-reported pain (ΔR2=0.10, p = 0.001), but not with any measures of pressure hyperalgesia (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher body fat and lower skeletal muscle mass help to explain local, spread, and widespread pressure hyperalgesia, and self-reported pain in people with PFP. BMI only helps to explain self-reported pain. These factors should be considered when assessing people with PFP and developing their management plan, but caution should be taken as the strength of association was generally low.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increased external knee abduction moment has been proposed as a risk factor for patellofemoral pain. This alteration is thought to be associated with elevated patellofemoral joint reaction force and stress, however these relationships remain poorly explored. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing knee abduction moment parameters (peak, rate of moment development and impulse), patellofemoral joint reaction force and stress of women with patellofemoral pain and pain-free controls during stair descent; and investigating the relationship among these variables with self-reported pain. METHODS: Kinetic data was obtained by inverse-dynamics equations and a previously reported algorithmic model was used to determine patellofemoral joint reaction force and stress. Participants' worst pain in the last month and pain level during stair descent were evaluated using a visual analogue scale. FINDINGS: Women with patellofemoral pain presented higher peak, rate of moment development and impulse of the external knee abduction moment, patellofemoral joint reaction force and stress (p = 0.005 to 0.04, effect size = 0.52 to 0.96) during stair descent than pain-free controls. Only knee abduction moment impulse presented positive moderate correlations with worst pain level in the last month (r = 0.53, p < 000.1), pain level during stair descent (r = 0.33, p = 0.042), patellofemoral joint reaction force (r = 0.65, p < 000.1) and stress (r = 0.58, p < 000.1). INTERPRETATION: These findings indicate that strategies aimed at decreasing external knee abduction moment impulse could reduce the load over the patellofemoral joint and improve pain of women with patellofemoral pain.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate pain level and function limitation in adolescent athletes and physically active non-athletes with PFP. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Adolescent athletes were recruited at a sport center complex. Adolescent non-athletes were recruited from upper secondary schools. PARTICIPANTS: 108 adolescents diagnosed with PFP: 42 adolescent athletes and 66 adolescent non-athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To evaluate the level of pain, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used and to evaluate the overall function, the Knee Outcome in Osteoarthritis Survey (KOOS) was used. RESULTS: The adolescent athletes scored significantly higher in the VAS (Mean difference = 0.97 (95% CI = 0.35; 1.60) p = 0.003) compared to adolescent non-athletes. Adolescent athletes scored lower in the KOOS - Symptoms, Pain, Knee-related quality of life and Sport and recreation dimensions - than the non-athletes, however, the minimally clinically important difference was not achieved in Pain dimension. There was no significant difference in the Activities of daily living dimension of the KOOS. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent athletes presented higher levels of pain and lower physical function status compared with physically active non-athletes. This provides an important insight to the management of PFP in adolescent athletes as worst functional status is linked with poor prognosis in patients with PFP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence of primary outcomes from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of treatment strategies on quality of life (QoL) or psychosocial factors in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included RCTs investigating the effect of conservative interventions on QoL or psychosocial factors in individuals with knee OA. Only RCTs considering these outcomes as primary were included. RESULTS: Pooled data supported the use of exercise therapy compared with controls for improving health-related and knee-related QoL. There was limited evidence that a combined treatment of yoga, transcutaneous electrical stimulation and ultrasound may be effective in improving QoL. Limited evidence supported the use of cognitive behavioural therapies (with or without being combined with exercise therapy) for improving psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, depression and psychological distress. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: Exercise therapy (with or without being combined with other interventions) seems to be effective in improving health-related and knee-related QoL or psychosocial factors of individuals with knee OA. In addition, evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapies (with or without exercise therapy) for improving psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, depression and psychological distress in individuals with knee OA. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016047602.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: O Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) é uma das principais causas de incapacidade funcional e alteração motora na população adulta. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da terapia com Wii no deslocamento do COP de hemiplégicos devido à sequela TCE. Métodos: Foram realizadas 10 sessões de treinamento com o Nintendo Wii Fit® em 10 indivíduos hemiplégicos pós TCE, do sexo masculino, com média de 31,3 ± 2,9 anos de idade. Os participantes foram avaliados antes, após e 3 meses após o protocolo de treinamento, nas quais mediu-se os dados cinéticos. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças na RMS e velocidade do deslocamento do COP nos sentidos ântero-posterior e médio-lateral dos sujeitos hemiplégicos após as 10 sessões de treinamento com o console Wii. Esses valores se mantiveram após 3 meses. Conclusão: A terapia com o console Wii não alterou o deslocamento do COP nos sentidos ântero-posterior e médio-lateral de indiví-duos com hemiplegia.

Introducion: The Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and motor disorders in adults. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Wii rehabilitation therapy on COP displacement of hemiplegic individuals due to traumatic brain injury. Methods: 10 hemiplegic individuals after TBI were recruited for this study. Mean age, height and weight were 31.3 ± 2.9 years, 1.72 ± 0.03 m and 74.5 ± 5.1 kg, respectively. The individuals were evaluated before and after the training protocol and after 3 months again, in which kinetic data of the ground reaction force were measured. Results: There were no significant differences in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral displacement of hemiplegic subjects after the 10 training sessions with the Wii console and these values remained the same after 3 months. Conclusion: The therapy with the Wii console was unable to alter the COP displacement of individuals with hemiplegia.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Altered hip, knee and foot kinematics have been systematically observed in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, less attention has been given to the altered dynamic postural control associated with PFP. Additionally, the relative contribution of kinematic impairments to the postural behavior of subjects with PFP remains an open question that warrants investigation. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate possible differences in hip adduction, rearfoot eversion, knee flexion and displacement area of the center of pressure (COP) in individuals with PFP in comparison to controls during stair ascent; and (ii) to determine which kinematic parameter is the best predictor of the displacement area of the COP measured during the stance phase of the stair ascent. METHODS: Twenty-nine females with PFP and 25 asymptomatic pain-free females underwent three-dimensional kinematic and COP analyses during stair ascent. Between-group comparisons were made using independent t-tests. Regression models were performed to identify the capability of each kinematic factor in predicting the displacement area of the COP. RESULTS: Reduced knee flexion and displacement area of the COP as well as increased peak hip adduction and peak rearfoot eversion were observed in individuals with PFP as compared to controls. Peak hip adduction was the best predictor of the displacement area of the COP (r(2)=23.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The excessive hip adduction was the biggest predictor of the displacement area of the COP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on our findings, proximally targeted interventions may be of major importance for the functional reestablishment of females with PFP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aims of this study were to examine group differences in muscle activation onset of the vastus medialis (VM) in relation to the vastus lateralis (VL) and pain level during stair ascent in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) who maintain high and moderate levels of physical activity; to determine the association between physical activity level and muscle activation onset. Forty-three females with PFP and thirty-eight pain-free females were recruited and divided into four groups based on their level of physical activity: females with PFP (n=26) and pain-free females (n=26) who practiced a moderate level of physical activity and females with PFP (n=17) and pain-free females (n=12) who practiced an intense amount of physical activity. Participants were asked to ascend a seven-step staircase and the VM and VL activation onset was determined. Females with PFP who practiced high level of physical activity demonstrated delayed onset of VM (4.06ms) compared to healthy females (-14.4ms). Conversely, females with PFP who practiced moderate level of physical activity did not present VM delay (-2.48ms) in comparison to healthy females (-9.89ms). Furthermore, physical activity significantly correlated to the muscle activation onset difference (p=0.005; R=0.60). These findings may explain why controversial results regarding VM and VL muscle activation onset have been found.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo:Correlacionar a força vertical de reação do solo e da velocidade angular do joelho de jovens e idosas durante descida de escada.Métodos:A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: Grupo Idosas (GI; n=10) e Grupo Jovens (GJ; n=16). Foi utilizada uma escada de teste composta por sete degraus, onde uma plataforma de força estava acoplada ao quarto degrau para aquisição dos dados cinéticos e determinação do momento de contato do pé com o degrau; também foi usado um sistema de cinemetria tridimensional, com quatro câmeras infravermelhas. As voluntárias desceram os degraus de forma contínua, com velocidade e ritmo autosselecionados. Para comparação dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t Student para amostras independentes e para a correlação das variáveis, o teste de correlação de Pearson, adotando nível de significância α=0,05.Resultados:Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa para a média dos picos das velocidades angulares do joelho, com o GJ apresentando maior pico (240,7±10,5 g/s) comparado ao GI (186,4±13,2 g/s). Em relação ao pico de força vertical (Fz), o GJ obteve maior magnitude de força (1,39±0,03) comparado ao GI (1,15±0,02), apresentando diferença significativa (p=0,00). Os resultados apontaram ainda uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis (r=0,4).Conclusão:Os resultados indicam que idosas apresentam menor velocidade angular de joelho e menor força vertical durante descida de escadas comparadas a jovens, e que há correlação entre as variáveis.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between vertical ground reaction force and knee angular velocity of young and elderly persons during stair descent.Methods:The sample consisted of two groups: the Elderly Group (EG; n=10) and the Young Group (YG; n=16). A ladder test consisting of seven steps, with a force plate coupled to the fourth step to acquire kinetic data and determine the moment of foot contact with the step, was used, as well as a system of three-dimensional kinematics with four infrared cameras. The volunteers descended the stairs continuously, at a self-selected speed and pace. The Student's t-test was used for independent samples and the Pearson correlation test was used to test the correlation of the variables, with a level of significance of α=0.05.Results:The results showed a significant difference between the YG group (240.7±10.5 g/s) and the EG group (186.4±13.2 g/s) for mean peak knee angular velocity. Regarding peak vertical force (Fz), YG had a higher magnitude of force (1.39±0.03) than EG (1.15±0.02), with a significant difference between the groups (p=0.00). The results also showed a positive correlation between variables (r=0.4).Conclusion:The results indicate that elderly persons have a lower knee angular velocity and lower vertical force during stair descent than young people and that there was a correlation between the variables.