RESUMO
Ingredients added in food products can increase the nutritional value, but also affect their functional properties. After processing, determination of added ingredients is difficult, thus it is important to develop rapid techniques for quantification of food ingredients. In the current work, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) were investigated to quantify the amount of fiber added to semolina and its distribution. NIR spectra were acquired to compare the accuracy in the classification, quantification and distribution of fibers added to semolina. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) were used for classification. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models applied to NIR-HSI spectra showed R2P between 0.85 and 0.98, and RMSEP between 0.5 and 1%, and were used for prediction map of the samples. These results showed that NIR-HSI technique can be used for the identification and quantification of fiber added to semolina.
Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta/análise , Farinha/análise , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Análise Discriminante , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Análise de Componente Principal , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMO
SCOPE: We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. METHODS AND RESULTS: Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. The HSD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rWAT after 12 weeks of ingestion. Additionally, the HSD altered serum VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucometabolic parameters. Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). CONCLUSION: HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults.