RESUMO
A produção e o consumo de leite e derivados vêm aumentando anualmente no Brasil. A emergência do consumo de leite cru está relacionada à busca por produtos que mantenham preservadas suas propriedades nutricionais. No entanto, este hábito aumenta os riscos do consumo de leite e derivados contaminados por micro-organismos patogênicos. As bactérias do gênero Enterobacter são amplamente distribuídas na natureza e fazem parte da microbiota do trato gastrintestinal humano e animal. Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans e Cronobacter sakazakii são considerados patógenos oportunistas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo investigou a ocorrência e a diferenciação bioquímica de espécies de Enterobacter isolados de leite bovino cru, a caracterização do perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e a pesquisa de genes de resistência. Do total de 104 cepas de Enterobacter spp. foram identificadas E. cloacae (n=39), Pantoea agglomerans (n=23), Cronobacter sakazakii (n=18) e E. aerogenes (n=9). Destas, 26% apresentaram resistência a três ou mais antimicrobianos. O gene blaTEM foi encontrado em 27% dos isolados. Este achado alerta quanto ao risco de infecções por micro-organismos ambientais resistentes, associados ao consumo de leite bovino cru.
The production and consumption of milk and dairy products is growing fast in Brazil. The increase consumption of raw milk is related to the interest for products that keep conserved their nutritional properties. However, this habit increases the risks of consumption of milk and dairy products contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Enterobacter spp. is widely distributed in nature and is part of the commensal microbiota of the intestinal tracts of humans and animal. Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans and Cronobacter sakazakii are recognized as opportunistic pathogens. The current study investigated the occurrence and the differentiation of Enterobacter species isolated from raw cow milk, the characterization of sensitivity profile to antimicrobials and presence of resistant genes. From a total of 104 strains of Enterobacter spp. were identified E. cloacae (n=39), Pantoea agglomerans (n=23), Cronobacter sakazakii (n=18) and E. aerogenes (n=9). Among these, 26% were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. The blaTEM gene was found in 27% of the isolates. Here, we highlighted the risk of infection by potential environmental microorganisms, resistant to some antimicrobials, associated with consumption of raw cow milk.
La producción y el consumo de leche y productos lácteos está aumentando anualmente en Brasil. El surgimiento del consumo de leche cruda se relaciona con la búsqueda de productos que conservan sus propiedades nutricionales. Esta conducta aumenta riesgos del consumo de leche y productos lácteos contaminados con microorganismos patógenos. Las bacterias del género Enterobacter son ampliamente distribuidas en la naturaleza y forma parte de los microorganismos comensales del aparato gastrointestinal humano y animal. Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoca agglomerans y Cronobacter sakazakii son citadas como patógenos oportunistas. De esta manera, este estudio investigó la ocurrencia y diferenciación bioquímica de Enterobacter spp. aislados de leche cruda de ganado bobino, la caracterización del perfil de sensibilidad frente a los antimicrobianos y la detección de los genes de resistencia. Del total de 104 cepas de Enterobacter spp. se identificaron E. cloacae (n=39), Pantoea agglomerans (n=23), Cronobacter sakazakii (n=18), E. aerogenes (n=9). De estos, 26% mostraron resistencia a tres o más antimicrobianos. En 27% de las cepas el gen blaTEM fue detectado. Por lo tanto, este hallazgo advierte sobre el riesgo de infecciones por microorganismos resistentes ambientales, asociados con el consumo de leche cruda de vaca.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Pantoea/isolamento & purificação , Cronobacter sakazakii/isolamento & purificação , Leite/microbiologia , Alimentos Crus/análise , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterináriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting mainly infants. The characterization of both viral and bacterial agents associated with gastroenteritis can establish policies for surveillance, prevention and treatment of infections. Group A rotaviruses are the major infectious agent associated with dehydration in children, followed by pathotypes of Escherichia coli. There are three main types of clinical infections caused by E. coli strains that have acquired virulence genes: (i) enteric and diarrheal diseases, (ii) urinary tract infections, and (iii) sepsis and meningitis. METHODOLOGY: In this study, the objective was to identify the presence of rotavirus and diarrhogenic E. coli in the feces of children 4 to 14 months of age who displayed no gastroenteritis symptoms and stayed all day in a day-care center. We analyzed 188 samples using PAGE and PCR to identify rotaviruses and E. coli virulence genes, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-six samples (19.1%) were positive for at least one pathotype of E. coli. Nineteen were identified to be of the EPEC group and fifteen of the EAEC group. Rotaviruses were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: As EPEC and EAEC are potential pathogens for children less than one year of age or immunocompromised individuals, our results show the importance of appropriate monitoring by public health agencies. In the situation that we have studied, children can be considered asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens and can transmit them to other susceptible children.