RESUMO
CONTEXT: The genus Urtica has been known since ancient times. It has known to be useful for the treatment of different human ailments. OBJECTIVE: The present work evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica circularis (Hicken) Sorarú (Urticaceae). materials and method: The effect on central nervous system of U. circularis hydroalcoholic extract (from leaves and stems) administered by the intraperitoneal route in mice was evaluated by several tests: Pentobarbital- and midazolam-induced hypnosis, open field, hole board, elevated plus-maze and forced swimming. Phytochemical analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A total of 300 mg/kg i.p. of the extract produced a significant prolongation of pentobarbital- (40 mg/kg i.p.; 60.1 min versus 25.4 min) and midazolam- (50 mg/kg i.v.; 53.4 min versus 25.1 min) induced sleeping time. The extract's administration caused a marked reduction of the head-dipping response (DE50: 373 mg/kg i.p.) in the hole-board test. Urtica circularis extract (DE50: 46 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the spontaneous locomotor activity in the open field test. Flumazenil and atropine significantly antagonized the extract's effect on the locomotor activity. No motor coordination disturbance was observed in the rota rod test at any doses. In the forced swimming test, the extract did not produce any change in the immobility time and it had no significant effects in elevated plus maze test. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, vicenin-2, p-cumaric acid, ferulic acid, vitexin and isovitexin. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that U. circularis hydroalcoholic extract possesses sedative activity, facilitating GABAergic and cholinergic transmission.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/química , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solventes/química , Urticaceae , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/química , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/isolamento & purificação , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta , Plantas Medicinais , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Natação , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Urticaceae/química , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Artemisia copa Phil. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine in Argentina. AIM OF THE STUDY: The vasorelaxant and hypotensive activities of the aqueous extract of Artemisia copa have been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro effect of the extract and isolated compounds from Artemisia copa was investigated using isolated rat aortic rings. The acute effect caused by the intravenous (i.v.) infusion (0.1-300mg/kg) on blood pressure and heart rate was evaluated in spontaneous hypertensive rats. In addition, a phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed by HPLC. RESULTS: Artemisia copa had a relaxant effect in endothelium-intact aortic rings that had been pre-contracted with 10(-7)M phenylephrine (Emax=96.7±1.3%, EC50=1.1mg/ml), 10(-5)M 5-hydroxytriptamine (Emax=96.7±3.5%, EC50=1.5mg/ml) and 80mM KCl (Emax=97.9± 4.4%, EC50=1.6mg/ml). In denuded aortic rings contracted by phenylephrine, a similar pattern was observed (Emax=92.7±6.5%, EC50=1.8mg/ml). l-NAME, indomethacin, tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide were not able to block the relaxation induced by the extract. Nevertheless, the pre-treatment with Artemisia copa attenuated the CaCl2-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (Emax: 86% of inhibition for 3mg/ml and 52% de-inhibition for 1mg/ml). This pre-treatment also induced a significant attenuation of the norepinephrine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (Emax: 72.7% of inhibition for 3mg/ml and 27% de inhibition for 1mg/ml) in a Ca(2+) free medium. Upon analyzing the composition of the extract, the presence of p-coumaric acid, isovitexin, luteolin and chrysoeriol were found. Luteolin (CE50: 1.5µg/ml), chrysoeriol (CE50: 13.2µg/ml) and p-coumaric acid (CE50: 95.2µg/ml), isolated from the aqueous extract, caused dilatation of thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine. Artemisia copa administered i.v. also induced a decrease in the mean arterial pressure but did not affect the heart rate in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous extract of Artemisia copa proved to have vasorelaxing and hypotensive effects through the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx via membranous calcium channels and intracellular stores. The presence of luteolin, chrysoeriol and p-coumaric acid found in this plant could be involved in this effect.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Artemisia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/análise , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/fisiologia , Argentina , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vasodilatadores/análise , Vasodilatadores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Artemisia copa Phil. (Compositae) is used in popular medicine as a digestive and for gastric pains. The effects of A. copa aqueous extract and its isolated compounds were evaluated on isolated rat jejunum. The extract inhibited non-competitively the cumulative concentration-response curves induced by acetylcholine and CaCl2. The tonic jejunum contractions induced by 80 mM KCl were inhibited by A. copa. Relaxant effects of A. copa on the tonic contraction induced by 25 mM KCl, [EC50: 0.94 mg mL(-1) (0.64-1.39)], was not inhibited by glibenclamide, TEA, l-NAME or methylene blue. Chrysoeriol, spinacetin and luteolin (30 µg mL(-1)), produced an antagonism on the CaCl2 concentration-response curve, showing an inhibition of the maximum contractions (70.0% ± 5.0%, 49.1% ± 4.5% and 77.0% ± 3.5% of E max, respectively), whereas tricin did not inhibit when the same concentration was used. A. copa exerts spasmolytic activity by blocking calcium channels and three isolated compounds could be, at least partly, responsible for the effect.
Assuntos
Artemisia/química , Parassimpatolíticos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , ÁguaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine in South America. AIM OF THE STUDY: In the present study, the in vivo antinociceptive effect of L. molleoides' aqueous extract and its isolated compounds has been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. The phytochemical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The extract produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid (ED50: 8.7 mg/kg, i.p.) and formalin (ED50: 7.7 mg/kg, i.p.) administered intraperitoneally and also orally. Yohimbine diminished the activity of the extract in the acetic acid test meanwhile haloperidol enhanced its effect. Two majority compounds, shikimic and vanillic acid were active in chemical nociceptive models used in this work, producing the highest inhibition of the writhing response at a dose of 30 mg/kg i.p. (55.4% and 57.1%, respectively) meanwhile at 100 mg/kg p.o. produced a slight response (23.3% and 23.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that L. molleoides' aqueous extract produced antinociception possibly related to the presence of shikimic and vanillic acid. The adrenergic and dopaminergic systems seem to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ácido Chiquímico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Vanílico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Acético , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/farmacologia , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacologia , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Feminino , Formaldeído , Haloperidol/farmacologia , Temperatura Alta , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Chiquímico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Chiquímico/farmacologia , América do Sul , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologia , Ioimbina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Capsicum species, Solanaceae, have been used for centuries as food additives by populations of different regions of the world. Capsaicin (trans-methyl-N-vainillyl-nonenamide) is the main pungent compound extracted from the red hot pepper fruit (Capsicum spp.). The capsaicin content was determined by means of a HPLC method. The results showed that Capsicum chacoense Hunz., contains similar amounts of capsaicin (13.9 mg/100 g of dry fruit) in comparison with Capsicum baccatum L. (12.6 mg/100 g) and Capsicum annum L. (10.1 mg/100 g). Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and ethanol (EtOH) extracts of C. chacoense elicited a 46% and 38 % of inhibition on the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in ear edema respectively while the CH2Cl2 and EtOH extracts of C. baccatum inhibited 52% and 35% the arachidonic acid response respectively.
RESUMO
Larrea divaricata Cav. is widely distributed in Argentina. Aqueous extract, of its leaves, has documented antitumoral and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract and a component, nordihydroguaiaretic acid was determined and compared using different assays. Both the aqueous extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid exhibited antioxidant activity. However, results show that it is very likely that compounds other than nordihydroguaiaretic acid could be involved in the antioxidant activity of the extract. Since nordihydroguaiaretic acid is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic agent, it is important to direct efforts toward the potential use of low-nordihydroguaiaretic acid L. divaricata extracts as antioxidant in foods.
Larrea divaricata Cav. está ampliamente distribuida en la Argentina. Se han documentado actividades antitumorales e inmunomoduladoras de los extractos acuosos de sus hojas. En este estudio, la actividad antioxidante del extracto acuoso y un componente, el ácido nordihidroguayarético, se determinaron y compararon mediante diferentes ensayos. Tanto el extracto acuoso como el ácido nordihidroguayarético mostraron actividad antioxidante. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran que es muy probable que otros compuestos diferentes al ácido nordihidroguayarético pudieran estar involucrados en la actividad antioxidante de los extractos. Dado que el ácido nordihidroguayarético es un agente nefrotóxico y hepatotóxico, es importante dirigir los esfuerzos hacia el uso potencial de extractos de L. divaricata con bajas cantidades de ácido nordihidroguayarético como antioxidantes en alimentos.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Catalase , Larrea , Masoprocol , Superóxido DismutaseRESUMO
Vicenin-2 (1), a flavonoid glycoside, was isolated and identified from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Urtica circularis. This crude extract was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema model (41.5% inhibition at a dose of 300 mg/kg; ip). The effects of 1 on several inflammatory mediators were investigated. In cultured murine macrophages, this compound modified LPS-induced total nitrite and TNF-α production, in addition to the LPS-induced translocation of the nuclear factor NF-κB.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Apigenina/isolamento & purificação , Apigenina/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Urticaceae/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Apigenina/química , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosídeos/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Nitritos/farmacologia , Ratos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
A differential morphoanatomical study was performed in two Argentine species: Hybanthus parviflorus and Hybanthus bigibbosus. Fresh material fixed in acetoalcoholic formalin and material from herbarium were employed. Paradermal and longitudinal sections of stems and transversal sections of leaves were prepared and stained with aqueous alcoholic safranin. The hydrochloric fluoroglucyn test was performed. Known and novel characters (distribution of vascular bundles of the primary stem and type and relative length of cover hairs and cuticular ornamentation of the adaxial epidermis, respectively) prove to be of value for the recognition of these species.Furthermore, the intestinal propulsor activity, related to the popular uses of these species was also assessed. Infusions of the whole plant, their roots and the 50 percent EtOH extracts of the aerial parts of H. parviflorus and H. bigibbosus were tested by the activated charcoal method. The extracts of H. parviflorus proved to have a significant activity which would allow validating its popular use.
Se encaró el estudio morfoanatómico diferencial de dos especies argentinas: Hybanthus parviflorus e Hybanthus bigibbosus. Se trabajó con material fresco fijado en formalina aceto-alcohólica y de herbario. Se realizaron preparados paradermales y cortes longitudinales y transversales de tallos y transversales de hoja empleando safranina alcohólico-acuosa y el test de floroglucina clorhídrica. Caracteres conocidos (distribución de haces vasculares en tallo primario) y novedosos (tipología y longitud relativa de tricomas tectores; ornamentación cuticular de la epidermis adaxial) poseen valor diferencial para el reconocimiento de estas especies.Asimismo se determinó la actividad de propulsión intestinal de ambas especies, relacionada con su uso popular. Se ensayaron las infusiones de la raíz y de las partes aéreas y el extracto EtOH 50 por ciento de las partes aéreas de H. parviflorus e H. bigibbosus, empleando el método del carbón activado. Los extractos de H. parviflorus presentaron una actividad significativa que permitiría validar su uso popular.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais , Violaceae/anatomia & histologia , ArgentinaRESUMO
The flowers of Tilia species have been used in Europe for many years to treat colds, bronchitis, fever, inflammations and influenza. It is well known that lymphocytes play a role in acquired immunity related to pathogens and tumor cells attachment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an aqueous (AE) and a dichloromethane extract (DM) from Tilia x viridis which is widely used and distributed in Argentina, on normal murine lymphocyte proliferation after being administered to mice. Both extracts presented a stimulatory effect on normal murine lymphocyte proliferation. The effect exerted by DM was principally related to macrophage activation, meanwhile AE exerted an important direct effect on lymphocytes related to the rutin presence. The stimulating effect, exerted on normal lymphocytes was due to a protective effect of apoptosis and also to cell IL2 production.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Tilia/química , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Flores/química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Rutina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), is known in South America for its medicinal properties: antiarthritic, haemostatic, diuretic, tonic and useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Previously the isolation of a new cytotoxic 5-alkyl resorcinol derivative, 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(tridec-4',7'-dienyl) benzene, from a dichloromethane extract (DM) was reported. The aim of this work was to determine and to compare the antioxidant activity of DM and the isolated compound, 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(tridec-4',7'-dienyl) benzene. Moreover, the activity of both on the proliferation of tumoral and normal lymphocytes was determined. The compound was isolated and quantified by HPLC. The compound represented 0.036% of DM. The extract and the compound exerted antioxidant activity by DPPH and FTC methods. On tumoral cells, both exerted antiproliferative action but the compound was more active (EC(50) : 17.4 ± 1 µg/mL). On normal lymphocytes, both exerted a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation inversely related to concentration, the extract was more active than the compound (maximum effect: 300 ± 20% of stimulation). Most of the effects observed with the extract were independent of the isolated compound. DM could be an important source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory compounds to be studied on cancer diseases.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Resorcinóis/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Linfoma de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , CamundongosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the aqueous extract from aerial parts of Artemisia copa Phil. (Asteraceae) administered orallyfor its psychopharmacological activities in several experimental models. METHODS: The extract was administered p.o. in Swiss albino mice and tested on pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, locomotor activity, exploration in the hole-board, anxiolytic like profile evaluated in the marble-burying test and anticonvulsant activity on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol. RESULTS: Artemisia copa at doses up to 1.5 g/kg produced a dose-dependent sleep induction and potentiation of sub-hypnotic and hypnotic doses of pentobarbital. The extract also produced a dose-dependent increase and decrease in the spontaneous motor activity (0.5-1.5 g/kg, respectively), no disruption or a decrease on exploratory (hole-board) behavioral profiles (0.5-1.5 g/kg respectively) and a dose-related anxiolytic-like activity as indicated by increases in the percentage of marbles they left uncovered in the marble-burying test at doses (0.5 g/kg) that do not disrupt the motor activity. In addition, the extract (1.5 g/kg) produced a significant increase in the latency time and a decrease in the duration of seizures and mortality induced by PTZ 75 mg/kg in mice. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Artemisia copa may contain sedative principles with potential anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activities.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Ansiolíticos/isolamento & purificação , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Anticonvulsivantes/isolamento & purificação , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the aerial part of Urtica urens were determined by experimental animal models. U. urens extract was found to possess significant antinociceptive activity in chemically induced mouse pain models (ED50 39.3 mg/kg: 17.2-74.5 mg/kg) in the writhing test and 62.8% inhibition of the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test at a dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. and antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema (41.5% inhibition at a dose of 300 mg/kg i.p.). The extract displayed activity neither in the thermal model of pain nor in the topical inflammation model. The major component of the extract was determined as chlorogenic acid (670 mg/1000 g dry weight) and could be partly responsible for this activity.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Urticaceae/química , Animais , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Camundongos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Macrophages are involved in the host defense against infectious pathogens and tumors. Tilia species have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases, previously it was demonstrated that a dichloromethane (DM) extract possess antiproliferative action "in vitro" on a lymphoma cell line. The aim of this work was to study the "in vivo" effect of DM extract upon mice peritoneal macrophages. DM extract-activated macrophages phagocytosis through hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production (phagocytosis (%): basal 16.93 +/- 0.18, DM extract 25.93 +/- 2.8; H(2)O(2) (M): basal 0.0022 +/- 0.00016, DM extract 0.0036 +/- 0.0005; NO (mM): basal 0.0052 +/- 0.0007, DM extract 0.0099 +/- 0.0004). These actions were mediated by cell superoxide dismutase activation. On the other hand, DM extract decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha but increased interleukin-10 in serum. These results suggest that the modulation activity exerted by the extract on immune system cells could be an important mechanism to acquire resistance to tumors and infectious diseases.
Assuntos
Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Metileno/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Tilia , Animais , Feminino , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/análise , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Nitritos/análise , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
Larrea divaricata is a plant used in Argentina. The aim was to analyze the participation of H2O2 in the antiproliferative effect of L divaricata on BW5147 cells. Different studies were performed: proliferation, viability, nitrite production, apoptosis, oxygen reducing activity, NF-kappa B translocation, H2O2 production, H2O2 scavenging activity, and effect on exogenous superoxide dismutase. The extract decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis through P-38 and ERK pathways. The extract activated Mn2+-SOD, increasing H2O2, which was implicated in the antiproliferative mechanism by the increase of Nitric oxide (NO). New drugs, which can increase H2O2, could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Larrea , Linfoma/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Linfoma/metabolismo , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/metabolismo , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
D-limonene is a common monoterpene found in nature. Previously, it has been demonstrated that it has antiproliferative effects on a lymphoma cell line by increasing the nitric oxide (NO) level. In the present work this mechanism is analyzed by evaluating the participation of MAP38 and ERK pathways. Limonene increased the NO levels by inducing cell apoptosis by two mechanisms: through the production of H(2)O(2) and ERK pathway activation at low concentrations, and through the inhibition of farnesylation of proteins and O(2)- production at high concentrations. Both mechanisms were related to the increase in total nitrites, and the production of oxidative stress intermediates was involved.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicloexenos/farmacologia , Linfoma/metabolismo , Linfoma/patologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Terpenos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Limoneno , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Quinase Induzida por NF-kappaBRESUMO
BW 5147 (murine lymphoma cell line). We analyzed the effect of H2O2 in cell proliferation testing nitric oxide and apoptosis. Enzymes involved in the regulation of H2O2 levels as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PER) were analyzed. H2O2 exerted a biphasic effect. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 was related to the activation of the ERK and P38 pathway, NO production and apoptosis. The high proliferation was associated with a low level of H2O2 related to a low SOD and a high PER activities. Drugs capable of producing an increase in H2O2 levels could be used in cancer.
Assuntos
Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Linfócitos/citologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfoma de Células T/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Butadienos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Linfonodos/citologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfoma de Células T/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Nitrilas/farmacologia , Nitritos/metabolismo , Peroxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/antagonistas & inibidores , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/farmacologia , Superóxidos/metabolismo , ômega-N-Metilarginina/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Previously limonene demonstrated antiproliferative action on a lymphoma cell line (BW5147). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the antiproliferative action of limonene on BW 5147 cells. The induction of apoptosis and arrest in cell cycle phases, both phenomena related to nitric oxide (NO) production, was analyzed, as well as NO production. Results showed that limonene exhibited antiproliferative action on tumoral lymphocytes exerting a decrease in cell viability that was related to apoptosis induction and to the increase in NO levels at long incubation times. At short times and depending on its concentration, limonene arrested cells in different phases of the cell cycle, related to NO production.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicloexenos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Terpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular , Limoneno , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this work, we analysed the mechanism of action of caffeine on peroxidase secretion in the female rat submandibular gland. The signaling molecules cAMP and nitric oxide were monitored as potential mediators. DESIGN: The salivary gland peroxidase secretion of female albino Wistar rats was assessed by a spectroscopic method. RESULTS: Caffeine was found to exert an increase on peroxidase secretion in a concentration-response manner: the peroxidase secretion stimulation index (SI) (secreted peroxidase from treated/secreted peroxidase from basal) for caffeine 10 microg/ml: 2.2+/-0.18 (P<0.05); caffeine 100 microg/ml alone: 3+/-0.18 (P<0.01); +LNMMA (LN monomethyl arginine): 1+/-0.1 (P<0.05); caffeine 1000 microg/ml alone: 5+/-0.35 (P<0.01); +LNMMA: 2+/-0.2 (P<0.05). These results were associated with an increase in cAMP and total nitrites production. Total nitrites, SI caffeine 100 microg/ml alone: 2.8+/-0.2 (P<0.01); +LNMMA: 1+/-0.08 (P<0.05); caffeine 1000 microg/ml alone: 4.8+/-0.3 (P<0.01); +LNMMA: 2.3+/-0.18 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It could thus be concluded that cAMP and NO are involved in the mechanism of action displayed by caffeine. This is the first report on the mechanism of action of caffeine on peroxidase secretion.
Assuntos
Cafeína/farmacologia , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glândula Submandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cafeína/antagonistas & inibidores , AMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/fisiologia , Nitritos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Glândula Submandibular/enzimologia , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , ômega-N-Metilarginina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae) is cultivated in Argentina in the northeastern region (provinces of Misiones and Corrientes), between 26 degrees and 28 degrees south latitude, the southernmost area of the world where tea is cultivated. The objective of this work was to determine the total polyphenol content and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of green and black tea cultivated and industrialized in Argentina. Twelve samples of eight brands were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the International Organization for Standardization method (ISO) 14502-1 for the determination of substances characteristic of green and black tea. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric thiocyanate method (FTC) and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay. Green tea showed a higher polyphenol content than black tea. The total polyphenol concentration in green tea was found to vary from 21.02 +/- 1.54 to 14.32 +/- 0.45% of gallic acid equivalents (GAE), whereas in black tea, the polyphenol content ranged from 17.62 +/- 0.42 to 8.42 +/- 0.55% of GAE (P < 0.05). A similar profile was observed for the antioxidant capacity determined by both methods. The antioxidant activities were well correlated with the total polyphenol content (r (2) = 0.9935 for the ferric thiocyanate method and r (2) = 0.9141 for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging assay). This is the first systematic screening for the quantification of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in tea commercialized in Argentine markets. The results obtained herein allow one to conclude that Argentine tea is of very good quality when compared to teas from other sources.