RESUMO
Metabolic syndrome incidence is increasing worldwide then it is important to study the possible risk and protective factors. Our previous study suggested an association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to address possible associations between dietary lifestyle factors with metabolic syndrome. In a case-control study we compared 74 metabolic syndrome patients with 176-matched controls attended at a public health central unit. Incident cases diagnosed according to ATP III criteria were matched with control group composed of healthy subjects performing routine examinations. Having lower educational level compared to highest levels tend to increase metabolic syndrome prevalence, which was not statistically significant. Similar pattern was observed for marital status. No difference was found regarding gender and metabolic syndrome odds. Interestingly, daily drinking two to three cups of coffee (OR=0.0646, 95% CI, 0.0139-0.3005, p=0.0005) or until 2 cups of milk were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome odds (OR=0.5368, 95% CI, 0.3139-0.9181, p=0.0231). Sleeping seven to eight hours per night was also associated with decreased odds of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.0789, 95% CI, 0.0396-0.1570, p<0.0001). Eating at least two portions of chocolate was also associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.3475, 95%CI, 0.1865-0.6414, p=0.0009). Adequate sleeping and dietary intake of some foods materially decreased the metabolic syndrome.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease considered an important public health problem. In recent years, its prevalence has been exponentially rising in many developing countries. Chronic complications of DM are important causes of morbidity and mortality among patients, which impair their health and quality of life. Knowledge on disease prevention, etiology, and management is essential to deal with parents, patients, and caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge regarding DM in an adult population from a Middle-western Brazilian city. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study covering 178 adults, aged 18-64 years, who answered a diabetes knowledge questionnaire. In order to identify the difference between groups, analysis of variance was used. RESULTS: Higher knowledge scores were found regarding the role of sugars on DM causality, diabetic foot care, and the effects of DM on patients (blindness, impaired wound healing, and male sexual dysfunction). However, lower scores were found amongst types of DM, hyperglycemic symptoms, and normal blood glucose levels. Females tended to achieve better knowledge scores than males. CONCLUSION: Women had better knowledge regarding types of DM, normal blood glucose values, and consequences of hyperglycemia revealed that diabetes education should be improved.
RESUMO
As doenças transmitidas por alimentos têm grande impacto para a saúde coletiva, especialmente para populações suscetíveis como crianças e idosos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar análise microbiológica de diversas preparações servidas nas três principais escolas do Médio Araguaia (MT/GO). Foram selecionadas três escolas, uma privada, uma municipal e uma cooperativa, totalizando 916 alunos. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas dos alimentos para a contagem de coliformes fecais, bem como dos patógenos Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp. Não foi constatada a presença de S. aureus nas amostras analisadas, bem como a contaminação por coliformes fecais foi extremamente baixa, dentro dos limites permitidos por normas e leis. Entretanto, a contagem de Salmonella spp foi elevada, caracterizando um problema de segurança alimentar e risco à saúde dos escolares. Além disso, foi constatada má higiene pessoal dos manipuladores de alimentos, ausência de sanitário exclusivo, utilização de panos e tábuas de madeira, bem como exposição dos gêneros alimentícios a inadequadas temperaturas de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as condições microbiológicas dos alimentos foram satisfatórias de acordo com as normas da Anvisa, exceto para as amostras de pizza, em que houve a contaminação por Salmonella spp, indicando provável falta de higiene pessoal dos manipuladores de alimentos.
Foodborne diseases have great impact on public health, especially for susceptible populations such as children and elderly. This study aims to perform microbiological analysis of several meals prepared and served in the three major schools of Médio Araguaia (MT/GO), Brazil. For this investigation three schools were selected: a private, a municipal and a cooperative school, with the total of 916 students. Microbiological analyses of the food were carried out in order to count the total of faecal coliforms, as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. It was not confirmed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the samples analyzed, nor the contamination by faecal coliforms which was extremely low, within the limits permitted by the Brazilian norms and laws. However, Salmonella spp counting was elevated, characterizing a problem of food safety and risk to the health of the school children. Beyond that it was verified inadequate personal hygiene by the food handlers, absence of bathrooms for exclusive use of food handlers, utilization of cloths and wooden boards, as well as exposure of food to unsafe temperatures of storage. It could be concluded that the microbiological aspects of the food were satisfactory according to the norms of the Anvisa (National health Surveillance Agency), except for the samples of pizza, in which the contamination by Salmonella spp, indicated the possibility of absence of personal hygiene of the food handlers
Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos tienen un gran impacto en la salud pública, especialmente para las poblaciones vulnerables, como los niños y los ancianos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis microbiológico de varios preparados servidos en las tres principales escuelas del Medio Araguaia (MT/GO). Se seleccionaron tres escuelas: una privada, una municipal y una cooperativa, con un total de 916 estudiantes. Se realizaron análisis microbiológico de los alimentos para el recuento de coliformes fecales, así como los patógenos Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella spp. En las muestras no se constató la presencia de S. aureus, así como la contaminación de coliformes fecales fue extremadamente baja, en la medida permitida por las normas y leyes. Sin embargo, la presencia de Salmonella spp fue alta, caracterizando un problema de seguridad alimentaria y riesgos para la salud de los escolares. También se evidenció una mala higiene personal de los manipuladores de alimentos, sin un baño exclusivo, utilización de paños y tablas de madera, así como la exposición de los alimentos a temperaturas inadecuadas de almacenamiento. Se concluye que las condiciones microbiológicas de los alimentos fueron satisfactorias de acuerdo con las reglas de la Anvisa, excepto para las muestras de pizza, donde fue detectado contaminación por Salmonella spp, lo que indica probable falta de higiene personal de los manipuladores de alimentos.