RESUMO

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a terrible type of maltreatment that occurs in all countries and social statuses, but due to the shame and taboo that it creates, it is still riddled with myths and false beliefs that make it difficult for the population and the authorities to adequately determine its prevalence. The objective of this work was to explore what Mexican women know about CSA. The participants were Mexican women (N = 499) who filled out a questionnaire comprising ten items referring to truths and myths about CSA, indicating their degree of agreement with them on a Likert scale. The results showed that although Mexican women have quite adequate knowledge about CSA, they still hold wrong beliefs about the child's feelings toward the abuser or the child victim becoming an adult abuser. Likewise, differences were found in the myths and truths about CSA held by women under 40 and over 40 years of age.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of maltreatment that occurs in practically all countries and social statuses. Due to the taboo and shame that surrounds it, CSA is a problem universally silenced despite the important consequences (both physical and psychological) that it has for the victim and their family. This work aimed to study the correlates of CSA in Mexican women. Our sample comprised 1058 women ranged from 18 to 73 years (M = 40.19; SD = 10.24). They completed an anonymous online survey including questions about all the different types of abuse, questions about who perpetrated it, at what age it happened, and whether the victim disclosed the abuse. Our results showed that, depending on the type of abuse, from 13.9% to 65.8% of the participants had suffered at least one episode of CSA throughout their childhood. The first episode typically occurred between 6 and 12 years old, with the perpetrator being a male. The youngest women reported higher rates of being shown pornography by a family member, whereas the oldest ones reported higher rates of exhibitionism by a stranger. Only 31.3% of the sample disclosed the abuse, usually to their mother or a peer. Differences among the correlates of the different types of abuse, the age of the victims, and the relationship with the perpetrator are discussed as well as the victims' feelings of being believed when they disclosed the abuse.

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Abstract Sexting is a risky behaviour that is becoming increasingly common among adolescents. There has been little research in Latin American countries. This study analyses sexting in relation to technology use, peer and family connectedness, and parental supervision in Ecuadorian adolescents, examining gender and age differences. A sample of 613 adolescents (12-18 years old) from Quito (Ecuador) completed a questionnaire about sexting, technology use, and parental supervision. The results show that the typical profile of a sexting practitioner is an adolescent who spends a lot of time using a mobile phone, mainly for peer engagement, and who also makes greater use of the internet and social networks. Parental control does not appear to be a key factor in relation to sexting. The typical profile did not differ across gender or stage of adolescence, although boys and older adolescents were more involved in sexting. Girls used Instagram and Snapchat more, and they also used their mobile phone more often for peer engagement. The use of ICTs was greater among late and middle adolescents, and parental supervision decreased as adolescents got older. Sexting is associated with a greater use of technology, mainly for peer engagement. Strict parental supervision does not mitigate adolescent sexting. Educational implications are discussed.

Resumen: El sexting es una conducta de riesgo que se está incrementando en la adolescencia. La investigación en países latinoamericanos es escasa. Este estudio analiza el sexting relacionado con el uso de la tecnología, comunicación con iguales y familia, y supervisión parental, incluyendo el género y la edad en adolescentes ecuatorianos. Una muestra de 613 adolescentes (12-18 años) de Quito (Ecuador) cumplimentaron cuestionarios sobre sexting, uso de la tecnología y supervisión parental. El perfil del practicante de sexting es el adolescente que usa más el teléfono móvil, principalmente, para comunicarse con los iguales, y también internet y redes sociales. El control parental no se asocia a menor práctica del sexting. Este perfil no varía según el género o etapa de la adolescencia, aunque los chicos y adolescentes mayores muestran mayor implicación en sexting. Las chicas usan más Instagram y Snapchat y el teléfono móvil para relacionarse con los iguales. El uso de la tecnología es mayor en la adolescencia media y tardía y la supervisión parental disminuye a medida que incrementa la edad. El sexting está relacionado con mayor uso de la tecnología, principalmente, para relacionarse con los iguales, y la supervisión parental restrictiva no mitiga esta práctica. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas.

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There is growing interest in the adaptation of psychological questionnaires in different countries, due to the need for cross-cultural research using the same tests adapted to diverse populations. This paper presents the standardization of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) in Spain and Chile (both Spanish-speaking countries). The Spanish sample was made up of 940 people (461 men and 479 women), and the Chilean sample of 569 people (231 men and 338 women). Results revealed that the Chilean means were higher than those of the Spanish sample at confidence level 99.9%, although the associated effect sizes were generally small to moderate (partial eta-square between 0.008 and 0.187). Sex differences in the variables evaluated were commented on, and the importance of cross-cultural research and the influence of sex on personality and psychopathology variables were discussed.

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El objetivo principal de este estudio es el análisis de la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el bienestar personal y su posible predicción del rendimiento académico. Los participantes fueron 166 estudiantes de último ciclo de primaria de entre 9 y 12 años. Para evaluar la inteligencia emocional, se empleó el Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) de Salovey y colaboradores (1995), para el bienestar personal se ha aplicado la Escala Eudemon y el Ítem General de Felicidad (Fierro, 2006) y para el rendimiento académico se registraron distintas variables, donde la principal fue la nota media. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de correlaciones significativas entre bienestar e inteligencia emocional, así como entre rendimiento académico y bienestar, no así entre inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico. Además, el análisis de regresión múltiple muestra una recta de regresión donde el único predictor para nota media es el bienestar. Estos resultados indican relación entre bienestar e inteligencia emocional y la importancia de estos constructos psicológicos para el logro académico.

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between emotional intelligence and well-being, and how they might influence academic achievement in preadolescents. The subjects were 166 students of the second cycle of primary school, between 9 and 12 years of age. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) (Salovey et al. 1995) was used to evaluate emotional intelligence, in the same way the Escala Eudemon and a General Item of Happiness (Fierro, 2006) were used to evaluate well-being. Average grades were considered to register academic achievement. The results showed significant correlations between emotional intelligence and well-being and between academic achievement and well-being, but not between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. A lineal multiple regression analysis was done and showed that the only variable predicting grades were well-being. These results indicate a relation between well-being and emotional intelligence and the importance of these psychological variables for academic achievement.