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Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência das taxas de internação por complicações de Diabetes Mellitus na população de Macaé-Rio de Janeiro, 2011-2021. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais das taxas de internação por complicações de Diabetes Mellitus na população de Macaé em 2011-2021. Os dados foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares da plataforma do Datasus. Os modelos de regressão Joinpoint foram utilizados para estimar a tendência da taxa de internação. Resultados: A taxa de internação por complicações de Diabetes Mellitus por ano, de modo geral, foi maior no ano de 2016 e menor taxa no ano de 2020. Entre 2017 e 2021, verificou-seuma tendência significativa decrescente de -19,71% (Intervalo de Confiança -36,71; -9,73) das taxas de internação por complicações de Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusão: Houve uma redução acentuada nas taxas durante a pandemia, o que pode ser devido à subnotificação no registro de internações

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Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CA) for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bacteremia (KPC-PEB) in high-risk neutropenic patients. This is a prospective multicenter observational study in high-risk neutropenic patients with multi-drug resistant Enterobacterales bacteremia. They were compared according to the resistance mechanism and definitive treatment provided: KPC-CPE treated with CA (G1), KPC-CPE treated with other antibiotics (G2), and patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteremia who received appropriate definitive therapy (G3). Thirty-day mortality was evaluated using a logistic regression model, and survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves. A total of 238 patients were included: 18 (G1), 52 (G2), and 168 (G3). Klebsiella spp. (60.9%) and Escherichia coli (26.4%) were the Enterobacterales most frequently isolated, and 71% of the bacteremias had a clinical source. The resistance profile between G1 and G2 was colistin 35.3% vs. 36.5%, amikacin 16.7% vs. 40.4%, and tigeclycline 11.1% vs. 19.2%. The antibiotics prescribed in combination with G2 were carbapenems, colistin, amikacin, fosfomycin, tigecycline, and fluoroquinolones. Seven-day clinical response in G1 vs. G2 vs. G3 was 94.4% vs. 42.3% vs. 82.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). Thirty-day overall mortality in G1 vs. G2 vs. G3 was 22.2% vs. 53.8% vs. 11.9%, respectively (p < 0.001), and infection-related mortality was 5.5% vs. 51.9% vs. 7.7% (p < 0.001). The independent risk factors for mortality were Pitt score > 4: OR 3.63, 95% CI, 1.18-11.14 (p = 0.025) and KPC-PEB treated with other antibiotics: OR 8.85, 95% CI, 2.58-30.33 (p = 0.001), while 7-day clinical response was a protective factor for survival: OR 0.02, 95% CI, 0.01-0.08 (p < 0.001). High-risk neutropenic patients with KPC-CPE treated with CA had an outcome similar to those treated for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, with higher 7-day clinical response and lower overall and infection-related mortality than those treated with other antibiotics. In view of these data, CA may be considered the preferred therapeutic option for KPC-PEB in high-risk neutropenic patients.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las opacidades pulmonares en receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPH) representan un desafío diagnóstico y son una causa de morbimortalidad. Existen grandes discrepancias con respecto a la sensibilidad diagnóstica del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), sus complicaciones, y los factores asociados a la identificación microbiológica. OBJETIVO: Conocer la utilidad del estudio microbiológico del LBA en el diagnóstico, modificación de la conducta médica y estimar las complicaciones y mortalidad asociada al procedimiento, en receptores de TPH con opacidades pulmonares. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, en adultos receptores de TPH a los que se les realizó una broncoscopía con LBA por presentar opacidades pulmonares, en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires entre el 01/01/2011 y el 31/12/2020. RESULTADOS: De los 189 procedimientos analizados, en 79 se logró un hallazgo microbiológico (41,8%) y 122 permitieron modificar la conducta médica (64,6%). En 11 casos se observaron complicaciones graves dentro de las 12 horas (5,8%) de efectuado el LBA. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 16,8% (N = 21/125). El valor de neutrófilos en sangre previo al LBA (p = 0,037) y la presencia de nódulos pulmonares como lesión tomográfica predominante (p = 0,029) se asociaron independientemente al hallazgo microbiològico global. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra investigación apoya la realización del LBA como herramienta diagnóstica en pacientes que reciben un TPH y presentan opacidades pulmonares.

BACKGROUND: Lung opacities are a cause of morbimortality in bone marrow transplant patients, and represent a diagnostic challenge. There are large discrepancies regarding the diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), its complications, and the factors associated with microbiological detection. AIM: To know the usefulness of the microbiological study of BAL in the diagnosis, in the modification in medical behavior and to estimate the complications and associated mortality of this diagnostic procedure in patients transplanted with hematopoietic progenitor cells with pulmonary opacities. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study in bone marrow transplant adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL due to lung opacities at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2020. RESULTS: Of the 189 BAL analyzed, 79 presented a microbiological detection (41.8%) and 122 allowed to modify the medical behavior (64.6%). Severe complications were observed within 12 hours after the procedure in11 cases (5.8%). In-hospital mortality was 16,8% (N = 21/125). The value of blood neutrophils prior to bronchoalveolar lavage (p = 0.037) and the presence of pulmonary nodules as the predominant tomographic lesion (p = 0.029) were independently associated with global microbiological detection. CONCLUSION: Our research supports the performance of BAL as a diagnostic tool in bone marrow transplant patients with lung opacities.

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Glutathione transferase enzymes (GSTs) are believed to be a major detoxification system in helminth parasites and have been associated with immunomodulation of the host response. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least five different GSTs, but no Omega-class enzymes have been reported in this parasite or in any other cestode. Herein we report the identification of a new member of the GST superfamily in E. granulosus s.l., which is phylogenetically related to the Omega-class: EgrGSTO. Through mass spectrometry, we showed that the 237 amino acids protein EgrGSTO is expressed by the parasite. Moreover, we identified homologues of EgrGSTO in other eight members of the Taeniidae family, including E. canadensis, E. multilocularis, E. oligarthrus, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia asiatica, T. multiceps, T. saginata and T. solium. A manual sequence inspection and rational modification yielded eight Taeniidae's GSTO sequences, each one encoding for a 237 aa polypeptide showing 80.2% overall identity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of genes encoding for Omega-class GSTs in worms belonging to the Taeniidae family -that at least in E. granulosus s.l. is expressed as a protein- suggesting the gene encodes for a functional protein.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto del ácido clorogénico, uno de los compuestos polifenólicos con mayor concentración en la infusión de Ilex paraguariensis, sobre el daño celular y molecular inducido por el benzo(a)pireno. La infusión de Ilex paraguariensis ("mate") es bebida por la mayoría de los habitantes de Argentina, Paraguay, sur de Brasil y Uruguay. La levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cepas SC7K lys2-3; SX46A y SX46Arad14() se utilizó como modelo eucariota. Las células en crecimiento exponencial se expusieron a concentraciones crecientes de benzo(a)pireno y a tratamientos combinados con una concentración de 250 ng/mL de benzo(a)pireno y ácido clorogénico a una concentración igual a la encontrada en la infusión de yerba mate. Luego de los tratamientos se determinaron fracciones de sobrevida, frecuencia mutagénica y roturas de doble cadena de ADN así como la modulación en la expresión de la proteína Rad14 a través de un análisis de Western Blot. Se observó un aumento significativo en las fracciones de sobrevida así como una disminución en la frecuencia mutagénica después de la exposición combinada con benzo(a)pireno y ácido clorogénico en comparación con los tratamientos con benzo(a)pireno como único agente. En la cepa mutante deficiente en la proteína Rad14 se observó un aumento significativo en la sensibilidad a benzo(a)pireno en comparación con la cepa SC7K lys2-3. En los tratamientos combinados de benzo(a)pireno y ácido clorogénico se observó una importante disminución de la letalidad. Con respecto a la determinación de roturas de doble cadena de ADN no se observó fraccionamiento cromosómico a la concentración de benzo(a)pireno utilizada en los experimentos. Los análisis de Western Blot mostraron un aumento en la expresión de la proteína Rad14 en las muestras tratadas con benzo(a)pireno como único agente en comparación con la muestra control. Adicionalmente se observó una disminución en la expresión de la proteína cuando en los tratamientos se utilizaron benzo(a)pireno y ácido clorogénico combinados. Los resultados indican que el ácido clorogénico disminuye significativamente la actividad mutagénica producida por el benzo(a)pireno, la cual no se encuentra relacionada con un incremento en la remoción de las lesiones inducidas por el sistema de reparación por escisión de nucleótidos.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chlorogenic acid, a polyphenolic compound found at high concentrations in Ilex paraguariensis infusions, on cellular and molecular damage induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Ilex paraguariensis infusions ("mate") are consumed by most of the population in Argentina, Paraguay, southern Brazil and Uruguay. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SC7K lys2-3; SX46A and SX46Arad14( strains) were used as eukaryotic model organisms. Cells in an exponential growth phase were exposed to increasing concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, as well as combined treatments of benzo(a)pyrene at a concentration of 250 ng/mL and chlorogenic acid at a concentration matching that which is commonly found in mate. Determinations of surviving fraction, mutagenic frequency and double strand DNA breaks induction were performed, along with the assessment of the modulation of the expression of protein Rad14 by Western Blot. A significant increase of surviving fractions and a decrease in mutagenic frequency were observed after exposure to benzo(a)pyrene plus chlorogenic acid, contrary to benzo(a)pyrene alone. A substantial increase in sensitivity to benzo(a)pyrene was observed for the Rad14 protein-deficient mutating strain when compared to the SC7K lys2-3 strain. An important decrease in lethality was observed when combined benzo(a)pyrene and chlorogenic acid treatments were applied. As for the determination of DSBs, no chromosomic fractionation was observed at the benzo(a)pyrene concentration tested in the experiments. Western Blot analysis showed an increase in the expression of protein Rad14 for samples treated with benzo(a)pyrene as a single agent when compared against the control sample. Additionally, the expression of this protein was observed to diminish when combined treatments with benzo(a)pyrene and chlorogenic acid were used. Results obtained indicate that chlorogenic acid significantly decreases the mutagenic activity of benzo(a)pyrene, which is not related to an increase in the removal of lesions induced by nucleotide excision repair system.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do ácido clorogênico, um dos compostos polifenólicos com maior concentração na infusão de Ilex paraguariensis, sobre o dano celular e molecular induzido pelo benzopireno. A infusão de Ilex paraguariensis ("mate") é consumida pela maioria dos habitantes da Argentina, Paraguai, sul do Brasil e Uruguai. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cepas SC7K lys2-3; SX46A e SX46Arad14() foi utilizada como modelo eucariótico. Células em crescimento exponencial foram expostas a concentrações crescentes de benzopireno e tratamentos combinados foram realizados com uma concentração de 250 ng/mL de benzo(a)pireno e ácido clorogênico, igual à encontrada na infusão de erva-mate. Após os tratamentos, foram determinadas as frações de sobrevivência, frequência mutagênica e quebras de fita dupla do DNA, bem como a modulação na expressão da proteína Rad14 por meio de análise de Western Blot. Um aumento significativo nas frações de sobrevivência, bem como uma diminuição na frequência mutagênica foram observados após a exposição combinada de benzo(a)pireno e ácido clorogênico em comparação com tratamentos de agente único de benzo(a)pireno. Um aumento significativo na sensibilidade ao benzo(a)pireno foi observado na cepa mutante deficiente em proteína Rad14 em comparação com a cepa SC7K lys2-3. Nos tratamentos combinados de benzo(a)pireno e ácido clorogênico, observou-se uma diminuição significativa na letalidade. Com relação à determinação das quebras de fita dupla de DNA, não foi observado fracionamento cromossômico na concentração de benzo(a)pireno utilizada nos experimentos. A partir da análise de Western Blot, observou-se um aumento na expressão da proteína Rad14 nas amostras tratadas com benzo(a)pireno como agente único em relação à amostra controle. Além disso, uma diminuição na expressão da proteína foi observada quando combinados de benzo(a)pireno e ácido clorogênico foram usados ​​nos tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que o ácido clorogênico diminui significativamente a atividade mutagênica produzida pelo benzo(a)pireno, a qual não está relacionada a um aumento na remoção de lesões induzidas pelo sistema de reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos.

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Glutathione transferases (GSTs) perform catalytic and non-catalytic activities, mostly involved in stress-response and cell detoxification. Helminth parasites express several GSTs of multiple classes that are involved in the neutralization of potentially harmful oxidants, and in the inactivation or removal of xenobiotics. Additionally, GSTs participate in immunomodulatory processes that facilitate the parasite establishment and survival within its host. In Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) -the cestode parasite responsible for cystic echinococcosis- only one Mu-class GST has been reported. In the present work, by using bioinformatic and proteomic approaches we searched for novel Mu-class GSTs potentially involved in the parasite oxidative-stress metabolism. In the genome of E. granulosus s.l., 6 GST-related sequences were found to constitute a strongly conserved phylogenetical clade with Mu-class members. Among them, 5 displayed conserved gene structure (exon/intron), as well as specific residues and motifs characteristic of Mu-class enzymes. By proteomic analysis, 3 Mu-GSTs were identified to be expressed in the protoscolex parasite stage, 2 of them being firstly described as Mu-class GSTs here. The existence of more than one productive Mu-GST gene expands the parasite xenobiotic phase II metabolism, which might have beneficial roles on E. granulosus s.l. ability to successfully infect its host.

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Contexto: la TFG es un indicador de la función renal y se estima por ecuaciones TFGe, la mayoría son aplicables en un rango etario, aunque se producen discrepancias en los valores al cambiar de fórmula por cruzar un límite de edad. Así, la ecuación CKD-EPI sobreestima la TFG en adultos jóvenes, mientras que la ecuación FAS la sobreestima para creatininemias bajas. Para minimizar sus limitaciones, el European Kidney Function Consortium propuso la ecuación EKFC combinando características de diseño de FAS y CKD-EPI. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las ecuaciones EKFC vs. CKD-EPI y FAS en jóvenes, las diferencias en TFGe y la concordancia en asignación a categorías de TFG. Metodología: estudio analítico aprobado por el Comité Asesor de Ética y Seguridad de la Investigación de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas de la UNL, con una muestra de 157 estudiantes voluntarios, de entre 18 y 37 años. Para la medición de la creatininemia se utilizó el método Jaffé cinético trazable a Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectroscopy, con el programa estadístico MedCalc. Resultados: EKFC: TFGe menores que CKD-EPI y FAS, total y por sexo. Media de las diferencias (mL/min/1,73 m2): (CKD-EPI - EKFC) totales = 10,42; 18-20 años = 11,91; 21-30 años = 11,10; 31-37 años = 8,96 / (FAS-EKFC) totales = 2,79; FAS ≤ 110 mL/min/1,73 m2 y mayor: 1,1 y 9,0 respectivamente. Asignación a categorías G: kappa menores EKFC vs. CKD-EPI que vs. FAS. Recategorización: 13,4 % en G1 por CKD-EPI categorizados G2 por EKFC; 0,6 % respecto a FAS en igual sentido. Asignación a categorías ≥ 75mL/min/1,73 m2 o menor: buena concordancia. Conclusiones: en la muestra, EKFC cumple los objetivos de su diseño. La sobreestimación de TFGe por CKD-EPI en adultos jóvenes disminuyó, más fuertemente hacia los 18 años, y corrigió la de FAS para creatininemias bajas. Es importante desarrollar estimadores de TFG basados en creatininemia que cubran todo el rango de edades y estados de función renal.

Introduction: GFR is a kidney function indicator. The estimation of the GFR (eGFR) is carried out by equations. Most of them are applicable with in an age range. Discrepancies between the values are found when crossing a limit of age. CKD-EPI overestimates GFR in young adults; FAS overestimates it for low creatininemias. To minimize these limitations, the European Kidney Function Consortium proposed the EKFC equation that combines design features of FAS and CKD-EPI. Objective: The performance of EKFC vs. CKD-EPI and FAS in young people was evaluated: differences in eGFR and agreement in the allocation to GFR categories were found. Methods: Analytical study approved by the Ethics Committee. Sample: 157 volunteer students, 18-37 years old. Creatininemia: kinetic Jaffé method traceable to Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectroscopy. Program: MedCalc. Results: EKFC: eGFR lower than CKD-EPI and FAS, total and by sex. Means of the differences (mL/min/1.73m2): total (CKD-EPI - EKFC) = 10.42; 18-20 years = 11.91; 21-30 years = 11.10; 31-37 years = 8.96 // (FAS-EKFC) total = 2.79; FAS≤ 110 mL/min/1.73m2 and higher: 1.1 and 9.0 respectively. Allocation to G categories: lower kappa EKFC vs. CKD-EPI than vs. FAS. Recategorization: 13.4% in G1 by CKD-EPI categorized G2 by EKFC; 0.6% compared to FAS, in the same sense. Allocation to categories ≥75mL/min/1.73 m2 or less: good agreement. Conclusions: In the sample, EKFC meets the objectives of its design. The overestimation of eGFR by CKD-EPI in young adults decreased, even more around 18 years of age, and corrected that of FAS for low creatininemias. It is important to develop GFR estimators based on creatininemia that cover the entire range of ages and renal function status.

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Introducción: La variación del magnesio y de indicadores bioquímicos del metabolismo óseo-mineral según la tasa de filtración glomerular en jóvenes sin enfermedad renal es poco conocida por lo que es necesario considerarla para delimitar lo no atribuible a enfermedad renal crónica. El papel que desempeña el magnesio está en estudio. En la enfermedad renal crónica hay una alteración progresiva del metabolismo óseo-mineral que comienza tempranamente. Objetivos: Evaluar valores séricos de magnesio, calcio, fósforo, fosfatasa alcalina y parathormona, excreciones urinarias de 24 h y excreción fraccional de estos electrolitos según categoría G de tasa de filtración glomerular estimada por clearance de creatinina: G1 (normal a alta) y G2 (levemente disminuida) en estudiantes sin enfermedad renal crónica. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico y corte transversal con una muestra de 55 estudiantes voluntarios sin enfermedad renal en el periodo 2018 a 2019. Los analitos se determinaron en suero y algunos en orina de 24 h. Resultados: Solamente magnesio sérico y excreción fraccional de magnesio excreción fraccional de magnesio mostraron diferencias significativas según la categoría G (p < 0,05). Los valores de magnesio sérico magnesio sérico estuvieron dentro de los valores de referencia para el método. En G2, magnesio sérico, descendido respecto a G1 y excreción fraccional de magnesio aumentada, inversamente relacionados. El magnesio sérico disminuyó en promedio 0,26 mg/dL por unidad de aumento de excreción fraccional de magnesio (p = 0,0502). Conclusiones: Se observaron diferencias en magnesio sérico y excreción fraccional de magnesio al comparar los resultados en G1 y G2. Los demás indicadores bioquímicos estudiados no mostraron diferencias por categoría G. Diseños de corte longitudinal en muestras mayores pueden confirmar o no estos hallazgos. Tales estudios pueden aportar a la comprensión de cambios bioquímicos del metabolismo óseo-mineral en etapas iniciales de disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular(AU)

Introduction: Not much is known about the variation in magnesium and biochemical indicators of the osseous-mineral metabolism according to glomerular filtration rate testing in young people without kidney disease. This variation should therefore be considered to delimit whatever is not attributable to chronic kidney disease. The role played by magnesium is currently under study. In chronic kidney disease a progressive alteration of the osseous-mineral metabolism starts early. Objectives: Evaluate serum values of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone, 24-hour urinary excretion and fractional excretion of these electrolytes according to category G of the glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance: G1 (normal to high) and G2 (slightly reduced) in students without chronic kidney disease. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample of 55 student volunteers without kidney disease in the period 2018-2019. The analytes were determined in serum and some in 24-hour urine. Results: Only serum magnesium and magnesium fractional excretion displayed significant differences according to category G (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium values were within the reference values for the method. In G2, serum magnesium was lower than in G1, whereas magnesium fractional excretion was higher, i.e. an inverse relation is observed. Serum magnesium reduction averaged 0.26 mg/dl per unit of magnesium fractional excretion increase (p = 0.0502). Conclusions: Comparison of G1 and G2 results revealed differences in serum magnesium and magnesium fractional excretion. The remaining biochemical indicators studied did not show any differences in category G. Longitudinal studies with larger samples may or may not confirm these findings, thus contributing to a better understanding of the biochemical changes in osseous-mineral metabolism occurring in the initial stages of glomerular filtration rate reduction(AU)

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Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.

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El vino tinto variedad Vitis vinifera L. cv Tannat en los últimos años ha tomado relevancia por su alta concentración de polifenoles, esto le podría significar un rol protector sobre el genoma disminuyendo la formación de lesiones oxidativas. Los efectos a nivel celular de las radiaciones ionizantes en blancos como el ADN, componentes de cascadas de transducción de señales, resultan en lesiones letales, mutagénicas y recombinogénicas y en retardos en el ciclo celular. Se utilizó como modelo eucariota poblaciones de Saccharomyces cerevisiae en fase exponencial expuestas a radiación gamma (200 Gy) en presencia, o ausencia, de vino Tannat (10 % v/v) o de ácido tánico (60 µg/mL). Se estimaron las probabilidades de sobrevida y frecuencia mutagénica en distintas condiciones. Las muestras celulares expuestas a radiación ionizante presentaron una fracción de sobrevida de 0.21 ± 0.02 mientras que en las muestras irradiadas en presencia de vino Tannat o de ácido tánico la fracción de sobrevida fue de 0.33 ± 0.03 y 0.30 ± 0.03 respectivamente. Se observó en las poblaciones irradiadas un aumento significativo de la probabilidad de mutagénesis. En el caso de los tratamientos combinados se observó que la frecuencia mutagénica fue significativamente menor (gamma Tannat: 33%, gamma ácido tánico: 45% ). Estos resultados preliminares podrían indicar radioprotección moderada por parte de los compuestos estudiados, efecto que podría explicarse por las interacciones redox del ácido tánico y polifenoles contenidos en el vino con los radicales libres formados por las radiaciones ionizantes, además de la activación de vías de reparación genómica.

The red wine variety Vitis vinifera L. cv Tannat in recent years has gained relevance due to its high concentration of polyphenols, this could mean a protective role on the genome, reducing the formation of oxidative lesions. The effects at the cellular level of ionizing radiation on targets such as DNA, components of signal transduction cascades, result in lethal, mutagenic and recombinogenic lesions and delays in the cell cycle. Exponential phase populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to gamma radiation (200 Gy) in the presence or absence of Tannat wine (10% v / v) or tannic acid (60 µg / ml) were used as a eukaryotic model. The probabilities of survival and mutagenic frequency in different conditions were estimated. Cellular samples exposed to ionizing radiation presented a survival fraction of 0.21 ± 0.02, while in samples irradiated in the presence of Tannat wine or tannic acid, the survival fraction was 0.33 ± 0.03 and 0.30 ± 0.03 respectively. A significant increase in the probability of mutagenesis was observed in irradiated populations. In the case of the combined treatments, it was observed that the mutagenic frequency was significantly lower (Tannat gamma: 33%, Tannic acid gamma: 45%). These preliminary results could indicate moderate radioprotection by the compounds studied, an effect that could be explained by the redox interactions of tannic acid and polyphenols contained in wine with the free radicals formed by ionizing radiation, in addition to the activation of genomic repair pathways.

A variedade de vinho tinto Vitis vinifera L. cv Tannat nos últimos anos tem ganhado relevância devido à sua alta concentração de polifenóis, o que pode significar um papel protetor do genoma, reduzindo a formação de lesões oxidativas. Os efeitos no nível celular da radiação ionizante em alvos como o DNA, componentes de cascatas de transdução de sinal, resultam em lesões letais, mutagênicas e recombinogênicas e atrasos no ciclo celular. Populações de fase exponencial de Saccharomyces cerevisiae expostas à radiação gama (200 Gy) na presença ou ausência de vinho Tannat (10% v / v) ou ácido tânico (60 µg / ml) foram utilizadas como modelo eucariótico. Foram estimadas as probabilidades de sobrevivência e frequência mutagênica em diferentes condições. As amostras celulares expostas à radiação ionizante apresentaram uma fração de sobrevivência de 0,21 ± 0,02, enquanto nas amostras irradiadas na presença de vinho Tannat ou ácido tânico, a fração de sobrevivência foi de 0,33 ± 0,03 e 0,30 ± 0,03, respectivamente. Um aumento significativo na probabilidade de mutagênese foi observado nas populações irradiadas. No caso dos tratamentos combinados, observou-se que a frequência mutagênica foi significativamente menor (Tannat gama: 33%, ácido tânico gama: 45%). Esses resultados preliminares podem indicar radioproteção moderada pelos compostos estudados, efeito que pode ser explicado pelas interações redox do ácido tânico e polifenóis contidos no vinho com os radicais livres formados pela radiação ionizante, além da ativação de vias de reparo genômico.

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Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems have had to adapt to the growing demand for care. Telemedicine is a practical tool for outpatient monitoring of correctly selected patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of a prospective cohort of patients under telemedicine follow-up at the Hospital Italiano de San Justo was carried out. Results: 47 days of follow-up were evaluated, a total of 1345 patients. Of these, 46.9% (n = 631) obtained a positive nasopharyngeal swab result with PCR technique and were registered in the telemedicine monitoring system, with 10.14% (n = 64) requiring a new clinical evaluation at the emergency center . Of these patients, 60.1% (n = 39) required hospitalization in a general ward (n = 39). Conclusion: It is essential to be able to generate other forms of helth care. The telemedicine system is an important tool to develop in situations of overload of the health system.

Introducción: Debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 los sistemas sanitarios han tenido que adaptarse a la demanda asistencial. La telemedicina es una herramienta práctica para poder realizar seguimiento ambulatorio de pacientes correctamente seleccionados. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes en seguimiento por telemedicina en el Hospital Italiano de San Justo. Resultados: Se evaluaron 47 días de seguimiento, un total de 1345 pacientes. De éstos 46,9% (n=631) obtuvieron un resultado de hisopado nasofaríngeo con técnica de PCR positivo y fueron ingresados al sistema de seguimiento por telemedicina. El 10,14% (n=64) requirió una reevaluación clínica en guardia externa. De estos pacientes el 60.1% (n=39) requirió internación en sala general (n=39). Conclusión: Es fundamental poder generar otras formas de cuidado de la salud. El sistema de telemedicina es una herramienta importante a desarrollar en situaciones de sobrecarga del sistema de salud.

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A bicycle route questionnaire was designed to collect information about the characteristics of cyclists and the routes they take. Medellin is used as a case study in this paper due to its strong sociodemographic inequality, land use, urban form diversity, and topographical variability. The survey execution targeted bicycle commuters in the city by distributing the questionnaires online, personally by telephone, and personally on the street. These data will be useful to support strategies aiming to promote bicycling as a mode of transportation. Several types of analysis may be derived from the data, including an explanation of the factors determining the route choice and route comparisons according to the sociodemographics and locations of users. For instance, these data have already been used by Ospina et al. (2020) [1] where they sought to understand cycling travel distance in Medellin city.

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The photosynthetic pigments are mainly responsible for absorbing the light intended to promote photosynthesis on the chloroplast of the leaves. Different studies have related the spectral response in the leaves of plants with the biotic stress generated by pathogens. In general, maximum differences in reflectance have been found in the range of 380-750 nm between plants subjected to biotic stress and healthy plants. In this study, it was possible to characterize and relate the spectral variance in leaves of S. lycopersicum infected with F. oxysporum with this physiological variation and pathogen concentration in tomato plants during the asymptomatic period of vascular wilt. Photosynthetic parameters derived from gaseous exchange analysis in the tomato leaves correlated related with four bands in the visible range (Vis). Additionally, five specific bands also present a high correlation with the increase in the concentration of F. oxysporum conidia measured at the root: 448-523 nm, 624-696 nm, 740-960 nm, 973-976 nm, and 992-995 nm. These wavelengths allowed a 100% correct classification of the plants inoculated with F. oxysporum from the plants subjected to hydric stress and the control plants in the asymptomatic period of the disease. The spectral response to biotic and abiotic stress in the measured Vis/NIR range can be explained by the general tendency to change the concentration of chlorophyll and carotene in tomato leaves. These studies also highlight the importance of the implementation of robust multivariate analysis over the multiple univariate analysis used in the applied biological sciences and specifically in the agricultural sciences. These results demonstrate that specific wavelength responses are due to physiological changes in plants subjected to stress, and can be used in indexes and algorithms applied to the early detection of diseases in plants on different pathosystems.

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Resumo Objetivo: analisar a abordagem metodológica "Oficinas em saúde do trabalhador" e seus resultados acerca das relações entre trabalho docente e saúde em universidade pública. Métodos: pesquisa social de caráter qualitativo e de natureza pedagógica e participativa. "Oficinas em saúde do trabalhador" são espaços onde trabalhadores e pesquisadores discutem temas de trabalho relacionados à saúde, pautados em investigação participativa e pedagogia freireana e em fundamentos do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador, principalmente o modelo operário de conhecimento e a teoria de Gramsci. Foram realizadas quatro reuniões com oito docentes pertencentes ao mesmo instituto de uma universidade federal localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: no plano epistemológico, analisaram-se importantes temas acerca do trabalho e da saúde docentes, sendo eles: precarização da infraestrutura universitária e as condições de trabalho docente; relações coletivas e conflitos; sentidos e ambivalência do trabalho docente; queixas de saúde e intensificação do trabalho. Conclusão: este estudo possibilitou o desenvolvimento de abordagem metodológica de caráter dialógico e participativo. Embora o estudo esteja circunscrito a um pequeno grupo, o método propiciou identificar e analisar importantes aspectos do trabalho e da saúde docente que constatam transformações no trabalho em universidade, apontando para a necessidade de estudos de maior alcance.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the methodological approach "Workshops on workers' health" and its results regarding the relationship between health and teaching in public universities. Methods: social study of qualitative, pedagogical and participatory approach. "Workshops on workers' health" are spaces where workers and researchers discuss the work and health relation in accordance with participative research, Freire's pedagogy and Workers' Health concepts, especially the Workers' Model of Knowledge and Gramsci's theory. Four meetings were held with eight professors of the same institute in a federal university situated in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Results: epistemologically, important subjects concerning the work and health of teachers were analyzed, namely: university infrastructure precarization and teaching work conditions; collective relations and conflicts; teacher work meanings and ambivalence; health complaints and work intensification. Conclusion: this study enabled the development of a dialogical and participatory methodological approach. Although this study was limited to a small group, the method enabled the identification and analysis of important aspects of work and health of teaching at the university, showing the transformations in university work and indicating the need for studies of larger scope.

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Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la invarianza de medición y la invarianza estructural de una medida de empatía, para niños y adolescentes peruanos. Los participantes fueron 417, provenientes de Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (BES-B) de manera estandarizada. El análisis consistió en aplicar el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar la invarianza de medición y las medias latentes en los constructos de empatía afectiva y cognitiva. Los resultados muestran que la invarianza de medición se mantiene satisfactoriamente de acuerdo al género y la edad; las diferencias en las medias latentes muestran ser entre fuertes o moderadas respecto a la edad y el sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the measurement and structural invariance of an empathy scale in Peruvian children and adolescents. 417 participants from Metropolitan Lima took part in the study. The Brief Basic Empathy Scale (BES-B) was applied in a standardized manner. Structural equations modeling was applied in the analysis in order to assess measurement invariance and latent means in affective and cognitive empathy. Results show that measurement invariance is maintained according to sex and age; the differences in the latent means are either strong or moderate with respect to age and sex. The article discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a invariância de medição e a invariância estrutural de uma medida de empatia para crianças e adolescentes peruanos. A amostra esteve conformada por 417 participantes, provenientes de Lima Metropolitana. Foi aplicada a Escala Básica de Empatia Breve (BES-B) de maneira padronizada. A análise consistiu em aplicar o modelamento de equações estruturais para avaliar a invariância de medição e as médias latentes nos construtos de empatia afetiva e cognitiva. Os resultados mostram que a invariância de medição se mantém satisfatoriamente de acordo com o gênero e com a idade; as diferenças nas médias latentes mostram ser entre fortes ou moderadas a respeito da idade e do sexo. Finalmente, são discutidas as implicações teóricas e práticas.

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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores contextuales ambientales que se vinculan al desempeño ocupacional de personas en situación de discapacidad en las áreas trabajo / estudio y tiempo libre / ocio (actividades recreativas); y a partir de estos resultados comprender sus vivencias de inclusión social. Se propuso un diseño transversal exploratorio y descriptivo, empleando una metodología cualitativa que permitiera analizar, comprensiva e interpretativamente, la perspectiva del sujeto estudiado a partir de escenarios particulares. El grupo de estudio, seleccionado por conveniencia, se conformó de veinte personas en situación de discapacidad, cuyas edades oscilaron entre 19 y 60 años. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas estandarizadas no programadas. Los resultados más destacados indican que existen factores contextuales ambientales, físicos y sociales que interfieren en el desempeño ocupacional autónomo de las personas del grupo estudiado; especialmente barreras arquitectónicas, ausencia de dispositivos tecnológicos de ayuda, falta de cumplimiento de legislación vigente y en algunos casos las actitudes negativas de las personas del entorno inmediato, ya sea educativo como comunitario. De las experiencias subjetivas relatadas emerge el sentido de inclusión como la capacidad de sentirse productivo y autónomo en igualdad de condiciones. Quedan abiertas varias líneas para continuar investigando, vinculadas a cada uno de los factores estudiados y a la concepción de inclusión.

The objective of this research was to analyze the environmental contextual factors that are linked to the occupational performance of people with disabilities in the areas of work / study and leisure time / leisure; and from these results to understand their experiences of social inclusion. An exploratory and descriptive cross-sectional design was proposed, using a qualitative methodology that allowed analyzing, comprehensively and interpretively, the perspective of the subject studied from particular scenarios. The study group, selected for convenience, was made up of twenty people with disabilities, whose ages ranged between 19 and 60 years. The data was obtained through standardized unscheduled interviews. The most outstanding results indicate that there are environmental, physical and social contextual factors that interfere in the autonomous occupational performance of the people of the group studied; especially architectural barriers, absence of technological aid devices, lack of compliance with current legislation, and in some cases, the negative attitudes of people in the immediate environment, whether educational or community. From the subjective experiences reported, the sense of inclusion emerges as the ability to feel productive and autonomous under equal conditions. Several lines are open to continue research, linked to each of the factors studied and the conception of inclusion.

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Echinococcus granulosus is a cestode parasite whose cytoskeleton plasticity allows it to enter and develop inside its hosts, completing thus its life cycle. We focused our attention on F-actin organization and distribution in E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSC) in order to contribute to the knowledge of the parasite cytoskeleton. In particular, we addressed some aspects of F-actin rearrangements in PSC at different stages of the evagination/invagination process. The use of light microscopy allowed us to identify different PSC structures and phalloidin staining displayed a parasite's highly organized F-actin cytoskeleton. Suckers exhibit an important musculature composed of a set of radial fibers. At the rostellum, the F-actin filaments are arranged in a bulbar shape with perforations that appear to be the attachment places for the hooks. Also, "circular" structures of F-actin were identified, which remind the flame cells. Furthermore, parasite F-actin filaments, unevenly distributed, seem to have remained substantially unchanged during the evagination/invagination process. Finally, we showed that the scolex of an evaginated E. granulosus PSC reinvaginates in vitro without any treatment.

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Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería muestran mayores prevalencias de desgaste profesional emocional, por lo que contar con instrumentos válidos y fiables que permitan conocer su inteligencia emocional es una prioridad. Objetivos: Evaluar la validez de constructo del WLEIS en enfermeros en formación de su carrera en contexto peruano, así como examinar la ausencia de sesgo, identificar el nivel de varianza verdadera e interpretar las puntuaciones en base a correlaciones divergentes y convergentes con otros constructos. Métodos: Se le aplicaron una serie de instrumentos a una muestra de 154 estudiantes universitarios de Lima (Perú), con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos: WLEIS de inteligencia emocional; GAD-2 de ansiedad; PHQ-2 de depresión, SISE para la autoestima y SIMSS para evaluar el apoyo social tangible. Resultados: De acuerdo al análisis realizado, se indicó que el instrumento tiene una adecuada validez para expresar conductas específicas del modelo de inteligencia emocional, así como aceptables propiedades psicométricas respecto a la estructura interna, confiabilidad y relación con otros constructos. Conclusiones: El instrumento puede ser una herramienta importante para conocer la inteligencia emocional en profesionales de la enfermería peruanos. Las implicaciones en materia de prevención y creación de tratamientos de intervención en función de los resultados obtenidos en el instrumento que ha demostrado ser apropiado psicométricamente, podrían permitir mejorar la calidad de vida de dichos profesionales(AU)

Introduction: Nursing professionals show higher prevalence figures of emotional professional burnout, so having valid and reliable instruments that allow knowing their emotional intelligence is a priority. Objectives: To evaluate the construct validity of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in nurses in their major training in Peruvian context, as well as to examine the absence of bias, identify the level of true variance, and interpret the scores based on divergent and convergent correlations with other constructs. Methods: A series of instruments were applied to a sample of 154 university students from Lima, Peru, in order to reach the objectives. Those instruments were the WLEIS for emotional intelligence, the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression, the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale, and the Single Item Measure of Social Support. Results: According to the analysis, the instrument was indicated to have an adequate validity to express specific behaviors of the emotional intelligence model, as well as acceptable psychometric properties regarding the internal structure, reliability and relationship with other constructs. Conclusions: The instrument can be an important tool to know the emotional intelligence of Peruvian nursing professionals. The implications in terms of prevention and creation of intervention treatments based on the results obtained in the instrument that has been shown to be psychometrically appropriate could make it possible to improve the quality of life of these professionals(AU)

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Resumen Introducción: la proteinuria es marcador clásico de daño renal. La organización Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categoriza en 2012 la proteinuria de 24 h (PER) como mg/24 h o la relación proteinuria/creatininuria en muestra aislada (PCR) como mg/g así: A1, normal-levemente aumentada (<150); A2, moderadamente aumentada (150-500), y A3, severamente aumentada (>500). La PER es el gold standard y la PCR fue incorporada para evitar recolección de 24 h, pero la equivalencia numérica entre ambas es controvertida. El valor 150 mg/24 h tiene relevancia diagnóstica/pronóstica en enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivos: determinar, en una muestra de estudiantes argentinos, la correlación de PCR en primera orina matutina con PER, el valor de corte (VdC) de PCR predictor de PER=150 mg/24 h y la concordancia entre ambas metodologías para la categorización A según valores de PCR de la clasificación KDIGO 2012 y del VdC hallado. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, analítico y transversal realizado en una muestra de 51 estudiantes. Determinaciones en orina de 24 h y en la primera matutina. Proteínas: método rojo de pirogalol molibdato; creatinina: Jaffé cinético. Correlación: coeficiente de Spearman; concordancia: Bland-Altman y kappa. VdC: análisis ROC (receiver operating curve). Programas: Excel yMedcalc. IC95 %, p<0,05. Resultados: proteinuria (mediana/rango intercuartil), PER (mg/24 h): 106,00/83,64-137,82; PCR (mg/g): 58,00/50,50-87,00; p=0,025; coeficiente Spearman: 0,5540; Bland-Altman media de las diferencias (PER-PCR): 31,4. ABC=0,883 (IC95%: 0,762-0,956); VdC=82 mg/g; S=90 %; E=82,9 %; RP+=5,27; RP-=0,12. Concordancia en categorización A: kappa empleando PCR 150 mg/g: 0,106 (lC95%: -0, 1340,347), pobre-leve; kappa empleando VdC hallado: 0,4568 (IC95%: 0,2063-0,6505), leve-considerable. Conclusiones: la concordancia en categorización A mejora al utilizar el VdC. Destaca la importancia de no usar como equivalentes PCR=150 mg/g y PER=150 mg/24 h para diferenciar proteinuria normal de aumentada, sino la necesidad de establecer en cada laboratorio los VdC correspondientes.

Abstract Introduction: Proteinuria is a kidney damage marker. KDIGO 2012 categorizes 24h proteinuria (PER), mg/ 24h, or proteinuria / creati-ninuria ratio in isolated sample (PCR), mg / g, in: A1, normal-slightly increased: <150; A2, moderately increased: 150-500; A3, severely increased:> 500. PER is the gold standard, PCR was incorporated to avoid 24h collection but the numerical equivalence between both is controversial. The maximum normal value, 150 mg / 24h, has diagnostic / prognostic relevance in Chronic Kidney Disease. Objectives: to determine in a sample of students: a) correlation of PCR in first morning urine with PER, b) cut-off value (VdC) of PCR predictor of PER = 150 mg / 24h, c) concordance between both methodologies for categorization A according to the PCR values of KDIGO 2012 and the VdC found. Methodology: Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study. Sample: 51 students. Determinations in 24h urine and first morning. Proteins: Red Pirogalol-Molybdate method; creatinine: Jaffé kinetic. Correlation: Spearman coefficient; Concordance: Bland-Altman and kappa. VdC: ROC analysis (receiver operating curve). Programs: Excel and Medcalc. 95% CI, p <0.05. Results: Proteinuria (median / interquartile range), PER (mg / 24h): 106.00 / 83.64-137.82; PCR (mg / g): 58.00 / 50.50-87.00; p = 0.025; Spearman coefficient: 0.5540; Bland-Altman mean of the differences (PER-PCR): 31.4. ABC = 0.883 (95% CI 0.762-0.956), VdC = 82 mg / g, S=90 %, E=82.9 %, RP + = 5.27, RP- = 0.12. Concordance in categorization A: kappa using PCR 150 mg / g: 0.106 (IC95% -0.134-0.347), poor-mild; kappa using VdeC found: 0.4568 (IC95% 0.2063-0.6505), mild-considerable. Conclusions: The concordance in categorization A improves using the VdC. It emphasizes the importance of not using as equivalent PCR = 150 mg / g and PER = 150 mg / 24h to differentiate normal from increased proteinuria but to establish in each laboratory the corresponding VdeC.

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Resumen El presente artículo de resultados de investigación se llevó a cabo en el marco de la neuropsicología aplicada a la educación. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la creatividad, atención visual y auditiva y el rendimiento escolar. Método: Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental y correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por 85 niños y niñas escolarizados, con edad igual o mayor a 9 años y que se encontraran cursando entre cuarto y sexto grado académico. La atención fue evaluada con las subpruebas del dominio de atención, de la batería ENI, correspondientes a atención auditiva y visual, la creatividad a través del test CREA, y el rendimiento académico fue suministrado por la institución educativa por medio del boletín de calificaciones. Resulta dos: No puntuaron una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la atención y el rendimiento académico, asimismo con la creatividad, diferiendo Tos hallazgos de León (2008), quien propone los procesos atencionales como predictores del rendimiento académico y de igual manera, los de Corbalán, Martínez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina y Limiñana (2003), quienes manifiestan que la inteligencia creativa influye en el procesamiento de información y aprendizaje y, como conse cuencia, en el rendimiento; sin embargo, estos resultados pueden obedecer a diferentes variables asociadas al desempeño escolar. Conclusiones: El presente estudio puede ser una vía importante para el reconocimiento del valor de la atención en los procesos creativos. Además, sugiere la rea lización de estudios más amplios y centrados en la relación entre la creatividad y el rendimiento para esclarecer más el tipo de relación que tienen.

Abstract This research paper was conducted based on neuropsychology criteria applied to education. Ob jective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between creativity, attention (visual and auditory attention) and school performance. Method: It is a quantitative, experimental and cor relational study. For data collection, 85 school children, aged 9 years or more, fourth and sixth grade students were sampled. In order to assess auditory and visual attention, subtests related to attention domain, through ENI battery was used; also, creativity was assessed through CREA test, and the academic performance was based on scores reports supplied by the educational institution. Results: statistically, there were no a significant relationship between attention and academic performance, as well as creativity, differing in this way from Leon findings (2008), who proposes attention processes as academic performance predictors and also, from those ones such as: Corbalán, Martinez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina and Limiñana (2003), who consider that information and learning process are influenced by creative intelligence; however, these results may obey different variables associated with school performance. Conclusion: This study may be an important tool in order to recognize the value of the attention and creative processes. Also, it suggests broader studies focus on the relationship between creativity and academic performance.