RESUMO

Objective To identify the predictive factors for the need for transfusion during and after surgery to treat hip fractures in the elderly and to evaluate a protocol to guide the request for blood reserves for surgery. Methods The medical records of 172 elderly patients undergoing surgical treatment for proximal femoral fractures were collected. Data on sex, age, preoperative hemoglobin level, diagnosis, and type of surgery were tested for correlation with blood transfusion. In our sample, we determined the number of units of packed red blood cells reserved, the transfusion rate, and the cross-test:transfusion ratio. We made the same calculations in a hypothetical situation in which the request for blood reserves for our sample followed the criteria of a defined protocol. Results We found a correlation between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and the occurrence of transfusions, and an inverse correlation between the hemoglobin level on admission and the number of bags transfused. A reserve of 328 units of packed red blood cells was requested for 167 surgeries. Had the proposed protocol been applied, 72 units would have been requested for 61 surgeries. Conclusion We found a correlation regarding the variables ASA classification and preoperative hemoglobin level and the occurrence of transfusion. Applying a proposed protocol to decide between requesting a reserve and only typing for elderly individuals undergoing surgical treatment for hip fracture proved suitable to reduce the number of packed red blood cell reserves.

RESUMO

Abstract Objective To identify the predictive factors for the need for transfusion during and after surgery to treat hip fractures in the elderly and to evaluate a protocol to guide the request for blood reserves for surgery. Methods The medical records of 172 elderly patients undergoing surgical treatment for proximal femoral fractures were collected. Data on sex, age, preoperative hemoglobin level, diagnosis, and type of surgery were tested for correlation with blood transfusion. In our sample, we determined the number of units of packed red blood cells reserved, the transfusion rate, and the cross-test:transfusion ratio. We made the same calculations in a hypothetical situation in which the request for blood reserves for our sample followed the criteria of a defined protocol. Results We found a correlation between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and the occurrence of transfusions, and an inverse correlation between the hemoglobin level on admission and the number of bags transfused. A reserve of 328 units of packed red blood cells was requested for 167 surgeries. Had the proposed protocol been applied, 72 units would have been requested for 61 surgeries. Conclusion We found a correlation regarding the variables ASA classification and preoperative hemoglobin level and the occurrence of transfusion. Applying a proposed protocol to decide between requesting a reserve and only typing for elderly individuals undergoing surgical treatment for hip fracture proved suitable to reduce the number of packed red blood cell reserves.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores preditivos da necessidade de transfusão durante e após a cirurgia para o tratamento de fratura do quadril em idosos e avaliar um protocolo para orientar a solicitação de reserva de sangue para a cirurgia. Métodos Foram levantados os prontuários de 172 pacientes idosos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de fratura proximal do fêmur. Os dados relativos a sexo, idade, nível pré-operatório de hemoglobina, diagnóstico e tipo de cirurgia foram testados para a verificar a existência de correlação com a transfusão sanguínea. Determinamos o número de unidades reservadas de concentrado de hemácias, o índice de transfusão e a razão prova cruzada:transfusão em nossa casuística, e fizemos os mesmos cálculos em uma situação hipotética em que a solicitação de reserva de sangue para a nossa amostra seguisse os critérios de um protocolo definido. Resultados Encontramos correlação entre a classificação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e a ocorrência de transfusão, e correlação inversa entre o nível de hemoglobina de entrada e o número de bolsas transfundidas. Foi solicitada reserva de 328 unidades de concentrado de hemácias para 167 cirurgias. Caso se tivesse aplicado o protocolo proposto, teriam sido solicitadas 72 unidades para 61 cirurgias. Conclusão Encontramos correlação entre as variáveis classificação da ASA e nível pré-operatório de hemoglobina e a ocorrência de transfusão. A aplicação de um protocolo proposto para decidir entre a solicitação de reserva e apenas a tipagem para indivíduos idosos que serão submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de fratura do quadril mostrou-se adequada para diminuir o número de reservas de concentrado de hemácias.