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Ventilatory thresholds (VTs) are key physiological parameters used to evaluate physical performance and determine aerobic and anaerobic transitions during exercise. Current assessment of these parameters requires ergospirometry, limiting evaluation to laboratory or clinical settings. In this work, we introduce a wearable respiratory system that continuously tracks breathing during exercise and estimates VTs during ramp tests. We validate the respiratory rate and VTs predictions in 17 healthy adults using ergospirometry analysis. In addition, we use the wearable system to evaluate VTs in 107 recreational athletes during ramp tests outside the laboratory and show that the mean population values agree with physiological variables traditionally used to exercise prescription. We envision that respiratory wearables can be useful in determining aerobic and anaerobic parameters with promising applications in health telemonitoring and human performance.
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Background: This research characterizes the clinical and neuropsychological profiles and the quality of life in a group of Ecuadorian women who suffered physical violence, psychological violence, or sexual violence, exploring their relationships with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A battery of tests were used to explore the clinical and neuropsychological functions and quality of life in 120 participants who were selected from a population affected by violence. Results: Sixty percent of the participants showed clinical anxiety, 26.7% clinical depression, 40% post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, 15% moderate personality disorder, and 51.7% a low quality-of-life index. Their Z-scores in the neuropsychological domains evaluated were verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test = -1.35), working memory (Digits = -1.67), attention (D2 = -1.24), processing speed (Coding = -1.33; Trail Making Test A = 1.81), and executive function (Trail Making Test B = -1.15; Stroop = -0.20; verbal-semantic fluency test = 0.05; verbal fluency test = -1.23). Conclusions: The majority of women who suffered gender-based violence presented clinical levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms. The cognitive functions with lower scores (Z < -1.5) were working memory and processing speed, mediated by education factor.
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The alpaca is a very important social and economic resource for the production of fibre and meat for Andean communities. Peru is the main producer of alpacas. Group A rotavirus (RVA) has been sporadically detected in alpacas. In this study, a total of 1423 faecal samples from alpacas from different locations of the Puno department in Peru were collected and analysed by an antigen-capture ELISA in order to detect RVA. Four per cent of the samples were RVA-positive (57/1423). The genotype constellation of three selected alpaca RVA strains were G3/8 P[1/14]-I2-R2/5-C2/3-M2/3-A17-N2/3-T6-E3-H3. Two of the analysed strains presented a bovine-like genotype constellation, whereas the third strain presented six segments belonging to the AU-1-like genogroup (G3, M3, C3, N3, T3 and E3), suggesting reassorting events. Monitoring of the sanitary health of juvenile alpacas is essential to reduce the rates of neonatal mortality and for the development of preventive health strategies.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/virologia , Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral , Genótipo , Peru/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologiaRESUMO
Los defectos óseos post-traumáticos (DOPT), son por deï¬nición una entidad en donde existe pérdida de stock óseo en huesos largos, secundario a trauma de alta energía, infecciones o iatrogenia. Se deï¬ne como defecto óseo critico a aquel que no es capaz de sanar en forma espontánea, o a aquel que en longitud supera 2 veces el diámetro diaï¬sario del hueso afectado. Son una causa importante de menoscabo en la calidad de vida del que la padece debido a la importante pérdida de funcionalidad osteomuscular. Existe una variedad de técnicas que buscan tratar esta entidad, siendo el injerto de peroné vascularizado, la inducción de membrana y la osteogénesis por distracción las alternativas comúnmente usadas. El objetivo de este reporte es exponer una experiencia local con la técnica de osteogénesis por distracción en un paciente con defecto óseo critico producto de una fractura expuesta de tibia.
Post-traumatic osseous defects are, by deï¬nition, a condition in which there is loss of bone stock in the long bones secondary to high energy trauma, infections or iatrogenesis. Critical osseous defect is deï¬ned as that which cannot heal spontaneously, or where its length is more than twice the diaphyseal diameter of the aï¬ected bone. It is an important cause of impairment in the quality of life of the suï¬erer due to the signiï¬cant loss of musculoskeletal functionality. There are a variety of techniques used to treat this, vascularised ï¬bula grafting, membrane induction and distraction osteogenesis being the commonly used alternatives. The objective of this report is to relate local experience of distraction osteogenesis in a patient with a critical osseous defect, product of an exposed tibia fracture.
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A thermal neutron system intended to be used in neutron activation analysis has been designed by Monte Carlo methods. The device is based on a241Am/9Be neutron source of 111 GBq, placed inside a cylindrical cavity open inside a parallelepiped of moderator material. Three different moderator materials, water, graphite and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were simulated to check what is the most suitable for the detection system, concluding that HDPE reach the better performance. The device achieves an increased thermal neutron flux by taking advantage of neutron moderation in the polyethylene and the neutron scattering in the irradiation chamber walls. The thermal fluence rates obtained were 904â¯cm-2⯠s-1, i.e. 8.144â¯cm-2â¯s-1 GBq-1, with a fraction of thermal neutrons at the best point of 83% of pristine fast neutrons emitted by the source. The device has been designed by Monte Carlo techniques using the MCNP6 code, and the main tasks developed were to select the moderator material and to maximize the thermal neutrons flux in the irradiation chamber.
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Neutron techniques to characterize materials have a wide range of applications, one of the major developments being the identification of terrorist threats with chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosives (CBRNE) materials. In this work, a thermal neutron irradiation system, using a241Am/9Be source of 111 GBq inside polyethylene cylindrical moderators, has been designed, built and tested. The geometry of moderator and the neutron source position were fixed trying to maximize the thermal neutrons flux emitted from the system. Therefore, the system is in fact a thermalized neutron source taking advantage of the backscattered neutrons, achieving thermal fluence rates of up to 5.3x102â¯cm-2â¯s-1, with dominantly thermal spectra. Samples can be placed there for several hours and thereafter be measured to identify their component elements by NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). Through Monte Carlo techniques employing the MCNP6 code (Pelowitz et al., 2014), four different configurations with polyethylene cylinders were simulated to choose the most adequate geometry. The theoretical model was then replicated in the neutronics hall of the Neutron Measurements Laboratory of the Energy Engineering Department of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (LMN-UPM), carrying out experimental measurements using a BF3 neutron detector. A high agreement between MCNP6 results and the experimental values measured was observed. Consequently, the system developed could be employed in future laboratory experiments, both for the identification of trace substances by NAA and for the calibration of neutron detection equipment.
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A total of 350 faecal samples from unweaned alpacas over 3 months of age were collected from 23 herds in order to determine the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Southern Peru and to identify the risk factors associated to Eimeria infection in young alpacas. Samples were examined by a flotation technique and the identification of risk factors was assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Sixty four percent of the examined animals shed Eimeria oocysts; herd prevalence was 96%, with an intra-herd prevalence of 60% (range 5.9-100%). Five different Eimeria species were identified, being E. lamae (91%), E. alpacae (87%) and E. punoensis (78%) the most prevalent; E. macusaniensis (35%) and E. ivitaensis (13%) were less common. Mixed-species infections were more frequent (78%) than single infections (22%). E. lamae was the most common monospecific infection and E. lamae/E. alpacae the most frequent association. The geographical area has a significant effect on Eimeria infection rates (74.9% wet Puna vs 37.4% dry Puna) as well as the breeding system (65.1% traditional vs 63.8% modern). In contrast, the sex of the animals (64.6% males vs 64.0% females) showed no influence on the prevalence of infection by Eimeria. The high prevalence found at both individual and herd level and the common presence of highly pathogenic Eimeria species may lead to important economic losses for alpaca breeders and could require the implementation of suitable control measures.
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Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Geografia , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Parasitologia/métodos , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: On the basis of morphological evidence, the species involved in South American Pacific coast harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been traditionally recognized as Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae). However, these observations have not been confirmed using evidence based on genomic sequence variability. Our principal objective was to accurately determine the species of Alexandrium involved in local HABs in order to implement a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for its rapid and easy detection on filter-feeding shellfish, such as mussels. METHODOLOGY: For species-specific determination, the intergenic spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S subunit, ITS2 and the hypervariable genomic regions D1-D5 of the large ribosomal subunit of local strains were sequenced and compared with two data sets of other Alexandrium sequences. Species-specific primers were used to amplify signature sequences within the genomic DNA of the studied species by conventional and real-time PCR. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis determined that the Chilean strain falls into Group I of the tamarensis complex. Our results support the allocation of the Chilean Alexandrium species as a toxic Alexandrium tamarense rather than A. catenella, as currently defined. Once local species were determined to belong to Group I of the tamarensis complex, a highly sensitive and accurate real-time PCR procedure was developed to detect dinoflagellate presence in Mytilus spp. (Bivalvia) samples after being fed (challenged) in vitro with the Chilean Alexandrium strain. The results show that real-time PCR is useful to detect Alexandrium intake in filter-feeding molluscs. CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that the classification of local Alexandrium using morphological evidence is not very accurate. Molecular methods enabled the HAB dinoflagellate species of the Chilean coast to be assigned as A. tamarense rather than A. catenella. Real-time PCR analysis based on A. tamarense primers allowed the detection of dinoflagellate DNA in Mytilus spp. samples exposed to this alga. Through the specific assignment of dinoflagellate species involved in HABs, more reliable preventive policies can be implemented.
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Se reporta el caso clínico de un paciente con antecedentes de VIH/SIDA etapa C3, con TBC pulmonar tratada, con un absceso pulmonar antiguo y múltiples hospitalizaciones previas por un cuadro de varios meses de evolución, caracterizado por tos con expectoración purulenta, hemoptisis, fiebre y compromiso del estado general. Dentro del estudio destacaron 3 muestras de expectoración positivas para Aspergillus fumigatus, con estudio bacteriológico negativo y radiografía de tórax sin cambios en relación a las tomadas con anterioridad. Con estos elementos, se diagnosticó una aspergilosis pulmonar no invasiva y, considerando su estado de inmunosupresión, las múltiples hospitalizaciones por este cuadro y la mala condición social del paciente, se decidió iniciar un tratamiento con Itraconazol, además de reiniciar terapia antiretroviral. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente, con cultivos negativos de expectoración después de 3 meses de tratamiento.
A clinic report of an HIV/SIDA patient in his C3 phase, bearing a previous TBC pulmonary disease already treated, together with an old pulmonary abscess as well as multiple previous hospitalizations due to symptoms meaning several months of evolution, and which were characterized by purulent expectoration cough, hemoptisis, fever and general health complications is discussed. Results of the study revealed that 3 samples of expectoration were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus, yielding negative for bacteriologic exam while thorax x-ray seemed unchanged as compared to those taken earlier. Based on this information, a non invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed; besides considering his immunesuppression state, his multiple hospitalizations caused by these symptoms as well as the bad social condition of the patient, it was determined to treat him with Itraconazol together with a restart of a retroviral therapy. The patient had a favorable evolution and after a three-month treatment he showed negative cultures of expectoration.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Aspergilose , Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergilose Broncopulmonar Alérgica/diagnóstico , Aspergilose Broncopulmonar Alérgica/terapia , HIV , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tuberculose Pulmonar , ChileRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo para demostrar que la técnica de Phemister modificada es una opción de tratamiento quirúrgico en las luxaciones acromioclaviculares. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes con esta lesión que fueron ingresados en el servicio de ortopedia y traumatología del Hospital Universitario Provincial Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey y se utilizó la técnica de Phemister modificada para intervenirlos quirúrgicamente. Predominó el sexo masculino y la edad entre 26 y 35 años, en la mayoría de los pacientes el mecanismo de producción fue indirecto. La incidencia de la lesión fue ligeramente mayor en la articulación derecha. Se señalaron las complicaciones frecuentes en el postoperatorio, así como las lesiones asociadas encontradas. El método de tratamiento mostró buenos resultados en la mayoría de los pacientes.
A prospective study to demonstrate that the modified Phemister technique is an option to surgical treatment in the acromioclavicular luxations was conducted. Forty patients with this lesions who were admitted in the traumatology and orthopedics service were studied at Manuel Ascunce Domenech Universitary Provincial Hospital of Camagüey and the modified Phemister technique was used for been surgically intervene. Male sex predominated and the age between 26 and 35 years old, in the majority of patients the production mechanism was indirect. The incidence of the lesion was mildly greater in the right articulation. Frequent complications in the postoperatory were showed, as well as the associated lesions found. The treatment method in the majority of patients showed good results.
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Titikani Takaka es una comunidad del altiplano norte que atraviesa procesos simultaneos de cambio y resistencia, de modernidad y de regreso al pasado, de reconstruccion y dispersion de su identidad, de afirmacion y negacion de su propia esencia. Este trabajo es un esfuerzo por analizar y entender las razones profundas que explican la construccion de los tejidos sociales comunitarios y familiares en su relacion con la tierra. El libro demuestra que la tierra esta al centro de toda la vida comunal. La relacion de las familias con la tierra y de los comunarios con el territorio comun, determina todo lo demas. Pero esta relacion no es estatica, sino que se transforma y acomoda a los cambios de un contexto mayor. No existe persona si no tiene tierra, y no se puede ser miembro de la comunidad si no se la retribuye con servicios comunales
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El libro demuestra que la tierra está al centro de toda la vida comunal. La relación de las familias con la tierra y de los comunarios con el territorio común, determina todo lo demás. Pero esta relación no es estática, sino que se transforma y acomoda a los cambios de un contexto mayor. No existe persona si no tiene tierra, y no se puede ser miembro de la comunidad si no se la retribuye con servicios comunales.
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Características de Residência , Economia , LegislaçãoRESUMO
Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Among adolescents, physical activity is associated with benefits in the prevention and control of emotional distress, and improvement of self-esteem. Countries in transitional epidemiological scenarios, such as Chile, need to develop effective strategies to improve physical activity as a way to face the epidemic of chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based physical activity program on physical fitness and mental health status of adolescents living in a low socioeconomic status area in Santiago, Chile. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of the program over one academic year. The study included 198 students aged 15 years old. Two ninth grade classes were randomly selected as the intervention group, with two classes of the same grade as controls. A social planning approach was used to develop the intervention. The program was designed and implemented based on student preferences, teachers' expertise and local resources. Changes in physiological and mental health status were assessed. After the intervention, maximum oxygen capacity achieved a significant increase of 8.5% in the intervention versus 1.8% in the control group (p < 0.0001). Speed and jump performance scores improved significantly more in the intervention versus the control group (p > 0.01). Anxiety score decreased 13.7% in the intervention group versus 2.8% in the control group (p < 0.01), and self-esteem score increased 2.3% in the intervention group and decreased 0.1% in the control group after the end of the program (p < 0.0001). No significant change was observed in the depressive score. Student participation and compliance with the program was > 80%. To conclude, a school-based program to improve physical activity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status, obtained a high level of participation and achieved significant benefits in terms of physical fitness and mental health status.
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Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Pobreza , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Aptidão Física/psicologia , Psicologia do AdolescenteRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 40 pacientes inestables con fracturas de columna toracolumbar, con el objetivo de disminuir el elevado número de complicaciones y secuelas que sufren estos pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Manuel Ascunce Domenech, los cuales fueron tratados precozmente por un equipo multidisciplinario. Predominó el sexo masculino y la edad entre 3155 años. El nivel de localización topográfica más frecuente fue T10 a L2, en la mayoría de los pacientes la causa del trauma fue la caída de altura. Se señalaron las complicaciones frecuentes en el posoperatorio, así como las lesiones asociadas encontradas. Se relacionaron los pacientes de acuerdo con los grados neurológicos de la escala de Asociación Americana de Lesión Espinal inicialmente y su variación posterior al tratamiento. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en la mayoría de los pacientes. El método de tratamiento mostró buenos resultados
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Adulto , Humanos , Fraturas da Coluna VertebralRESUMO
Se define la intoxicación alcoholica, sus grados, formas y causas desde la perspectiva del ordenamiento jurídico-penal vigente en el Uruguay. Se analizan las distintas hipótesis de intoxicación alcohólica y las consecuencias de su asociación con conductas punibles, particularmente en el plano de la responsabilidad, la imputabilidad y la peligrosidad del agente, y en tanto circunstancia modificadora de la pena. Se discute la eventualidad del alcoholismo como delito(AU)
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Humanos , Alcoolismo , Direito Penal , Uruguai , Intoxicação AlcoólicaRESUMO
Se define la intoxicación alcoholica, sus grados, formas y causas desde la perspectiva del ordenamiento jurídico-penal vigente en el Uruguay. Se analizan las distintas hipótesis de intoxicación alcohólica y las consecuencias de su asociación con conductas punibles, particularmente en el plano de la responsabilidad, la imputabilidad y la peligrosidad del agente, y en tanto circunstancia modificadora de la pena. Se discute la eventualidad del alcoholismo como delito
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Humanos , Direito Penal , Alcoolismo , Uruguai , Intoxicação AlcoólicaRESUMO
Se efectuó un estudio prospectivo sobre 31 casos de "genuinas" colangitis agudas sépticas con la finalidad de establecer 1) frecuencia de bili y hemocultivos positivos para germenes aeróbicos y anaeróbicos; 2) bacterias presentes en los bili y hemocultivos; 3) establecer cual es la antibioticoterapia racional "según el foco" 4) determinar se existe una relación entre la mortalidad y la presencia de un gérmen o la asociación de ellos, la existencia de hemocultivos positivos, el número de sistemas fisiológicos mayores afectados o la etiología en causa o ambos. 100 por ciento de los bilicultivos y 54 por ciento de los hemocultivos fueron positivos. Los gérmenes predominantes fueron las bacterias aeróbicas Gram negativos. Anaeróbicos fueron constatados en 13,6 por ciento y Enterococo en 8,5 por ciento. No se debería renunciar a efectuar hemocultivos aún cuando los dos primeros fueran negativos. Es recomendable realizar los hemocultivos durante un "chucho de frío solemne" (bacteriemia). Una antibioticoterapia racional de inicio "según el foco" debería cubrir a las bacterias aeróbicas y anaeróbicas identificadas. No se demostró que un germen o una asociación de ellos, así como la presencia de hemocultivos positivos influyeran en la mortalidad. Sin embargo, el número de sistemas fisiológicos mayores afectados es un factor determinante en el pronóstico de las colangitis agudas sépticas, así como la etiología tumoral
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bile/microbiologia , Colangite/microbiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Colangite/tratamento farmacológico , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Peptostreptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Sepse/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se efectuó un estudio prospectivo sobre 31 casos de genuinas colangitis agudas sépticas con la finalidad de establecer 1) frecuencia de bili y hemocultivos positivos para germenes aeróbicos y anaeróbicos; 2) bacterias presentes en los bili y hemocultivos; 3) establecer cual es la antibioticoterapia racional según el foco 4) determinar se existe una relación entre la mortalidad y la presencia de un gérmen o la asociación de ellos, la existencia de hemocultivos positivos, el número de sistemas fisiológicos mayores afectados o la etiología en causa o ambos. 100 por ciento de los bilicultivos y 54 por ciento de los hemocultivos fueron positivos. Los gérmenes predominantes fueron las bacterias aeróbicas Gram negativos. Anaeróbicos fueron constatados en 13,6 por ciento y Enterococo en 8,5 por ciento. No se debería renunciar a efectuar hemocultivos aún cuando los dos primeros fueran negativos. Es recomendable realizar los hemocultivos durante un chucho de frío solemne (bacteriemia). Una antibioticoterapia racional de inicio según el foco debería cubrir a las bacterias aeróbicas y anaeróbicas identificadas. No se demostró que un germen o una asociación de ellos, así como la presencia de hemocultivos positivos influyeran en la mortalidad. Sin embargo, el número de sistemas fisiológicos mayores afectados es un factor determinante en el pronóstico de las colangitis agudas sépticas, así como la etiología tumoral(AU)
Assuntos
INFORME DE CASO , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colangite/microbiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Bile/microbiologia , Colangite/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Peptostreptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Clostridium/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Dos antiguos coledocotomizados hicieron estenosis tardías de la vía biliar principal (3 años y 1 año). Ambos fueron tratados con resección de la estrictura y anastomosis hepático-yeyunal. El estudio histológico mostró neuromas de amputación en los dos casos. Esta rara lesión ha sido comunicada en muy pocas ocasiones en la literatura que se refieren en el texto