RESUMO
This article presents a study of vanillin encapsulation inside multilamellar liposomes, with emphasis on the evaluation of antioxidant activity, the hemolytic effect, and the antisickling properties of these products. Egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol and egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-1-O-decylglycerol liposomes were prepared by mechanical dispersion, all with vanillin included. Vesicles were characterized by determination of encapsulation efficiency and vanillin retention capacity. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The hemolytic effect of liposomes was also evaluated by spectrophotometry, as well as the antisickling activity by the Huck test using optical microscopy. Results showed that the lipid composition of liposomes did not significantly affect the encapsulation efficiency. Stable vesicles were obtained with a high retention percentage of vanillin. Liposomes exhibited a high capture of the DPPH radical compared to free vanillin and 1-O-decylglycerol (C10) in solution. Vesicles caused no significant hemolisys in normal erythrocytes, nor in those coming from patients with sickle cell anemia. Vanillin encapsulated in liposomes retained its antisickling activity, with a greater effect for C10-containing vesicles. Our results show that vanillin encapsulation in liposomes is a way to enhance the pharmacologic properties of this molecule using a suitable vehicle.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antidrepanocíticos/farmacologia , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Anemia Falciforme/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/química , Antidrepanocíticos/química , Benzaldeídos/química , Química Farmacêutica , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Composição de Medicamentos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lipossomos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Vanilla/químicaRESUMO
The delay time of the Hb S polymerization process was investigated in 63 patients with sickle cell disease during steady state and 10 during painful crisis starting from spin-spin proton magnetic resonance (PMR) time behavior measured at 36 degrees C and during spontaneous deoxygenation. We found a significant decrease of delay time as a result of the crisis (36 +/- 10%) and two well-differentiated ranges of values for each state: 273-354 min for steady state and 166-229 min for crisis with an uncertainty region of 15%. It is possible to use PMR as an objective and quantitative method in order to differentiate both clinical conditions of the sickle cell patient, but a more clear differentiation can be established comparing the delay time (td) value of one patient during crisis with his own td value during steady state.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/patologia , Hemoglobina Falciforme/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Criança , Hemoglobina Falciforme/química , Humanos , Oxigênio/química , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
About 30 studies from the published literature were reviewed to determine the pollution status regarding heavy metals and organic compounds of the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR). The literature revealed that most studies were performed in the South and Central American Caribbean Region with sparse reports on the small island states. Collectively, the most frequently analyzed heavy metals were Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Mn and Cr while DDT and its metabolites were the most frequently reported organic pollutants. The samples which were analyzed vary in terms of sampling schemes, parameters and analytical techniques, as well as differences in data reporting presentation (i.e. dry weight versus wet weight, sediment fraction analyzed, or % lipids). These differences make meaningful comparisons of the available data very difficult. Furthermore, there is limited data available for most of these contaminants from the majority of nations in the WCR. Therefore, any attempt to create a regional scale assessment from contaminants data available in the open literature is limited by the scarcity of available information.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Oligoelementos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Região do Caribe , América Central , Geografia , Oceanos e Mares , Praguicidas/análise , População , Medição de Risco , América do SulRESUMO
Se presentó la determinación y posición sistemática de la ictiofauna que habita en sistemas acuáticos del municipio Guamá, en el oriente de Cuba. Se colectaron 8 especies de peces, una valorada como larvífaga, del resto no se tienen datos al respecto; sin embargo se ha demostrado que cuando existen las condiciones físicas adecuadas todos los peces presentes mantienen el control de los mosquitos en los sitios estudiados. Se incluyó información sobre algunas características biológicas y ecológicas de la ictiofauna y se sugirió la necesidad de estudiar las especies que aún no han sido valoradas como controladores biológicos, para determinar su aporte en el consumo de los estadios inmaduros de los culícidos.
This paper presented the determination and systematic position of fish fauna living in water systems of Guama municipality in the Eastern part of Cuba. Eight fish species were collected, one of them was considered larviphagic but no data was available about the other seven. However, it has been demonstrated that when physical conditions are adequate, all fishes present in the studied sites are able to keep the control of mosquitoes. Information was given about biological and ecological characteristics of this fish fauna. It was suggested that those species that have not been yet assessed as biological controllers should be studied so as to determine their contribution to the consumption of Culicidae larvae.
RESUMO
Surface sediments throughout Montego Bay, Jamaica were collected in 1995 and analyzed for their trace metal and trace organic contaminant content. A variety of trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coprostanol as well as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected and provide evidence for several anthropogenic inputs to the bay. Two main sources of these chemicals are the Montego River and the North Gully, the latter being more significant. Particle-associated pollutants were found to be distributed along the Montego River plume, as well as being transported by the prevailing water currents to the South-Western sections of the bay, probably through re-suspension of enriched fine sediments from the North Gully outfall area.
Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Oligoelementos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Jamaica , Praguicidas/análise , Água do Mar/química , Esgotos/químicaRESUMO
Afirma que la cuenca del río Matanza sufre una contaminación hídrica importante porque reconoce dos fuentes: actividades civiles e industriales. Presenta un estudio hidrológico de dicha cuenca y explica cómo pueden contaminarse los acuíferos. Recomienda la implementación de una red de muestreo en distintos puntos del río y en los desag³es pluviales más importantes
Assuntos
Argentina , Poluição de Rios , Bacias HidrográficasRESUMO
El trabajo tuvo por objeto responder al requerimiento de asistencia tecnica,por parte de las autoridades de la Base Naval de Puerto Belgrano,para ubicar dos perforaciones que permitan satisfacer en forma autonoma,la demanda de agua para la misma.El documento incluye la caracterizacion geohidrologica e hidrogeoquimica,mediciones de campo de los caudales de las perforaciones de interes y recomendaciones para la ubicacion y diseño de la obra requerida
Assuntos
Argentina , Captação de Águas SubterrâneasRESUMO
El trabajo tuvo por objeto responder al requerimiento de asistencia tecnica,por parte de las autoridades de la Base Naval de Puerto Belgrano,para ubicar dos perforaciones que permitan satisfacer en forma autonoma,la demanda de agua para la misma.El documento incluye la caracterizacion geohidrologica e hidrogeoquimica,mediciones de campo de los caudales de las perforaciones de interes y recomendaciones para la ubicacion y diseño de la obra requerida
Assuntos
Argentina , Captação de Águas SubterrâneasRESUMO
Afirma que la cuenca del río Matanza sufre una contaminación hídrica importante porque reconoce dos fuentes: actividades civiles e industriales. Presenta un estudio hidrológico de dicha cuenca y explica cómo pueden contaminarse los acuíferos. Recomienda la implementación de una red de muestreo en distintos puntos del río y en los desag³es pluviales más importantes
Assuntos
Argentina , Bacias Hidrográficas , Poluição de RiosRESUMO
Describe los ensayos de acuíferos realizados en el campus de la Universidad. Expone los resultados de dos ensayos por bombeo y uno de recuperación. Presenta conclusiones sobre las características hidrogeológicas del sitio estudiado y magnitudes de caudales disponibles. Finalmente, propone actividades para aumentar conocimientos sobre el recurso, en relación a la ubicación de nuevas obras de captación, así como el incremento de la oferta de aguas
Assuntos
Argentina , Captação de Águas Subterrâneas , Hidrogeologia , Água SubterrâneaRESUMO
Describe los ensayos de acuíferos realizados en el campus de la Universidad. Expone los resultados de dos ensayos por bombeo y uno de recuperación. Presenta conclusiones sobre las características hidrogeológicas del sitio estudiado y magnitudes de caudales disponibles. Finalmente, propone actividades para aumentar conocimientos sobre el recurso, en relación a la ubicación de nuevas obras de captación, así como el incremento de la oferta de aguas