RESUMO
Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti-microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA-types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33-year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti-microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Variação Genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/genética , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella/genética , Animais , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/metabolismo , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
Salmonella spp. is the main originator of human foodborne diseases worldwide and is mainly transmitted by food containing eggs. In Brazil, as a result of the lack of studies and data collection very little is known about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs. Consequently the present study was elaborated and aimed at generating data about Salmonella spp. in part of the Brazilian egg production chain. Eight flocks of day-old chicks, eight flocks of adult laying hens (four vaccinated with bacterin against Salmonella Enteritidis and four unvaccinated) and commercial table eggs from four supermarkets were examined. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 50 % of the newly hatched chicks, 25 % of the adult flocks and 1.5 % of egg samples examined. S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,12:r:-, S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-, S. Enteritidis and S. Havana were the serovars isolated in birds. In commercial table-eggs S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:- and S. Braenderup were isolated. These results show that Salmonella spp. is present in laying hen flocks and consequently in eggs destined for human consumption. Probably, some of the Salmonella serovars are being introduced in egg farms by vertical via.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Salmonella/patogenicidade , Galinhas , Ovos/análise , Infecções por Salmonella/transmissão , Comercialização de ProdutosRESUMO
Salmonella spp. is the main originator of human foodborne diseases worldwide and is mainly transmitted by food containing eggs. In Brazil, as a result of the lack of studies and data collection very little is known about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs. Consequently the present study was elaborated and aimed at generating data about Salmonella spp. in part of the Brazilian egg production chain. Eight flocks of day-old chicks, eight flocks of adult laying hens (four vaccinated with bacterin against Salmonella Enteritidis and four unvaccinated) and commercial table eggs from four supermarkets were examined. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 50 % of the newly hatched chicks, 25 % of the adult flocks and 1.5 % of egg samples examined. S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,12:r:-, S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-, S. Enteritidis and S. Havana were the serovars isolated in birds. In commercial table-eggs S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:- and S. Braenderup were isolated. These results show that Salmonella spp. is present in laying hen flocks and consequently in eggs destined for human consumption. Probably, some of the Salmonella serovars are being introduced in egg farms by vertical via.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Salmonella/transmissão , Ovos/análise , Salmonella/patogenicidade , Comercialização de ProdutosRESUMO
The role of oestrogens in epididymal function is still unclear. Knockout of the oestrogen receptor ESR1 (Esr1(-/-) ) or treatment with the anti-oestrogen Fulvestrant affect epididymal milieu and sperm motility. We investigated the effect of in vivo treatment of rats with Fulvestrant on: (i) expression of genes that may be important for the architecture and function of the epididymal epithelium: prominins 1 and 2, metalloproteinase 7, claudin 7, beta-catenin and cadherin 13, and (ii) levels of oestradiol and testosterone, and expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors, in the initial segment (IS), caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. Fulvestrant (i) reduced gene expression of prominin 1 (variant 1) in the caput, reduced prominin 1 protein content in the caput epididymis and in the efferent ductules, and increased the localization of prominin 1 in microvilli of the caput and corpus; (ii) reduced gene expression of prominin 2 in the corpus and cauda epididymis; (iii) increased the metalloproteinase 7 content in the apical region of principal cells from IS/caput; (iv) reduced in the corpus epididymis, but increased in the efferent ductules, the cadherin 13 mRNA level; (v) reduced testosterone but increased oestradiol levels in the corpus and cauda; (vi) increased the androgen receptor protein content in all regions of the epididymis, and the oestrogen receptor GPER in the corpus and cauda epididymis. In conclusion, treatment with Fulvestrant induced regional-specific changes in hormonal and steroid receptor content, and affected expression of proteins important for epithelial organization and absorption/secretion. The mechanisms of oestrogen action may differ among epididymal regions, which may contribute to determine region-specific sperm functions.
Assuntos
Epididimo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Antagonistas do Receptor de Estrogênio/farmacologia , Antígeno AC133 , Animais , Antígenos CD/biossíntese , Epididimo/metabolismo , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Fulvestranto , Glicoproteínas/biossíntese , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 7 da Matriz/biossíntese , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Peptídeos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Sorogrupo , Bacteriologia , SalmonellaRESUMO
In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.
Assuntos
Animais , Bacteriologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Salmonella , SorogrupoRESUMO
Varicocoele is an important cause of male infertility. Normal male reproductive function and fertility depends on a delicate balance between androgen receptor (AR) and the classic oestrogen receptors ESR1 (ERα) and ESR2 (ERß). Using a model of surgically induced varicocoele in rats, this study aimed to investigate the effects of varicocoele on the expression of AR, ESR1, ESR2 and G-protein coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER). Varicocoele did not affect the mRNA and protein expression of ESR1 and ESR2 in both testes. Varicocoele did not affect the mRNA and protein expression of GPER in the right testis, but slightly reduced the mRNA and increased the protein levels in the left testis. Varicocoele did not affect the mRNA for AR, but reduced the protein levels in both testes. A proteomic approach was used in an attempt to find differentially expressed targets with possible correlation with AR downregulation. Varicocoele caused the differential expression of 29 proteins. Six proteins were upregulated, including the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), and 23 were downregulated, including dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase and pyrophosphatase 1. Western blot analysis confirmed that varicocoele upregulated the expression of RACK1, a protein involved with tyrosine phosphorylation and regulation of AR transcriptional activity, AR metabolism and dynamics of the blood-testis barrier. In conclusion, this study suggests that varicocoele affects mechanisms that control AR expression and function. This regulation of AR may play an important role in the varicocoele-induced testicular dysfunction. Furthermore, varicocoele downregulates several other proteins in the testis that may be useful markers of spermatozoa function and male infertility.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Varicocele/metabolismo , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/biossíntese , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Fosforilação , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Quinase C Ativada , Receptores Androgênicos/biossíntese , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/biossíntese , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangue , Varicocele/cirurgiaRESUMO
This study proposed to investigate further the role of oestrogens during pubertal growth of rat ventral prostate, by analysing the effect of anti-oestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) on the expression of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and expression of Ki-67, a biomarker for cell proliferation. Ventral prostates were obtained from 90-day-old rats treated once a week for 2 months with vehicle (control) or ICI 182,780 (10 mg/rat, s.c.). Transcripts for AR, ESR1 and ESR2 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of AR, ESR1, ESR2, total and phospho-ERK1/2 was analysed by Western blot or immunofluorescence. Ki-67-positive cells and myosin heavy chain were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cylindrical epithelial cells slightly taller, epithelial dysplasia and an increase in smooth muscle layer were observed in the ventral prostate from ICI 182,780-treated rats. ICI 182,780 did not change the mRNA, but decreased the protein levels for AR in the ventral prostate. The expression of ESR1 (mRNA and protein) was upregulated by ICI 182,780, but no changes were observed on ESR2 expression (mRNA and protein). ICI 182,780 decreased the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2, with no changes in total ERK1/2 levels. Ki-67-positive cells in the ventral prostate were also decreased by ICI 182,780. In conclusion, ICI 182,780 induces downregulation of AR expression and may block the translocation of ESR1 and ESR2 from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, decreasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and prostatic epithelial cell proliferation. These findings provide a basis for physiological roles of oestrogen in the ventral prostate. Further studies with fulvestrant are necessary in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatic cancer models.
Assuntos
Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/farmacologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Western Blotting , Estradiol/farmacologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Imunofluorescência , Fulvestranto , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Fosforilação , Próstata/enzimologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
The steps to produce, purify and control an immunogenic Brazilian conjugate vaccine against group C meningococcus (MenCPS-TT) using hydrazide-activated tetanus toxoid were developed. The conjugation methodology reduced the reaction time easily allowing scale-up. One freeze-dried pilot vaccine lot purified by tangential filtration, showed satisfactory quality control results including safety and stability. The pilot vaccine was immunogenic in mice in a dose-dependent fashion generating a 10-20-fold rise in IgG response in mice. The vaccine also induced high bactericidal titers. Vaccine concentrations of 1 and 0.1 microg showed higher avidity indices, suggesting induction of immunologic memory. These results support initiation of Phase I clinical studies with the MenCPS-TT conjugate vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Filtração/métodos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacinas Meningocócicas/química , Vacinas Meningocócicas/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas Meningocócicas/toxicidade , Camundongos , Viabilidade Microbiana , Toxoide Tetânico/química , Toxoide Tetânico/metabolismoRESUMO
Two hundred fecal samples of calves from dairy herds presenting diarrhea were analyzed in group age of one to 90 days, of the region of Ribeirão Preto-SP, aiming at isolating and identifying the main enteropathogens and also to determine the resistence profile to several antimicrobial drugs. Of the analysed samples, 173 (86.5%) strains of E. coli were isolated, being 53 (26.5%) strains enterotoxigenics E. coli (ETEC), whose more frequent serotypes were:O9:K35:K99 (39.6%) and O8K85:K99 (32.0%). The 120 (60.0%) others strains of E. coli were non enterotoxigenic, being more frequent the sorogroups O114 (23.3%), O119 (22.5%) and O111 (15.0%). Also were isolated 12 (6.0%) strains of Clostridium perfringens, five (2.5%) strains of Salmonella Dublin and 86 (43.0%) strains of Cryptosporidium sp. The test of sensibility for antibiotics and chemotherapics, determined for the E. coli strains disclosed a resistence of 100.0% for lincomicin, 99.4% for penicillin G and 85.5% for novobiocin. The S. Dublin strains were resistant to the penicillin G (100.0%), novobiocin and eritromicin (80.0%), lincomicin and cefalotin (60.0%). KEY-WORDS: Calf. Diarrhea. Escherichia coli. Salmonella. Clostridium. Cryptosporidium.
Foram analisados 200 espécimes fecais de bezerros leiteiros com diarréia na faixa etária de um a 90 dias, da região de Ribeirão Preto/SP, com objetivo de isolar e identificar os principais enteropatógenos e também se caracterizar o perfil de resistência a diferentes antibióticos e quimioterápicos. Foram isoladas cepas de Escherichia coli de 173 (86,5%)espécimes, das quais 53 eram de E. coli enterotoxigênicas(ETEC), cujos sorotipos mais freqüentes foram: O9K35:K99(39,6%) e O8:K85:K99 (32,0%). As 120 cepas restantes eram de E. coli não enterotoxigênicas, sendo mais freqüentes os sorogrupos O114 (23,3%), O119 (22,5%) e O111 (15,0%). Também foram isoladas de 12 espécimes (6,0%) cepas de Clostridium perfringens, de cinco (2,5%), cepas de Salmonella Dublin e de 86 (43,0%), cepas de Cryptosporidium sp. O teste de sensibilidade frente a antibióticos e quimioterápicos determinou para as cepas de E.coli uma resistência de 100,0% para lincomicina, 99,4% para penicilina G e 85,5% para novobiocina. As cepas de S. Dublin foram resistentes à penicilina G (100,0%), à novobiocina e à eritromicina (80,0%), à lincomicina e à cefalotina (60,0%).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bezerro. Diarréia. Escherichia coli. Salmonella. Clostridium. Cryptosporidium.
RESUMO
Our aim was to assess the importance of dunging gutters filled with water in finishing barns for the prevalence of pigs shedding Salmonella enterica. Some finishing barns in Brazil are provided with a dunging-gutter system which consists of a continuous water flow at the back of solid-floored adjacent pens. Because there is transfer of faecal material between adjacent pens by water in this system and the faecal-oral route of transmission is so important for enteric pathogens, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of this kind of dunging-gutter system in finishing barns affects the prevalence of slaughter-age pigs shedding salmonella organisms in their faeces. The cross-sectional study was conducted on six farms each having barns with and barns without a dunging-gutter system. Breeding, management, nutritional and seasonal factors were similar in both barns on each farm. The two systems did not differ in prevalence of pigs shedding salmonella organisms. Five S. enterica serotypes were isolated: S. Agona, S. Javiana, S. Rissen, S. Sandiego and S. Senftenberg.
Assuntos
Abrigo para Animais , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/transmissão , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/microbiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/transmissão , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissãoRESUMO
The detection and identification of Salmonella spp. is still troublesome and time consuming to the food industry. Employing the modified semi-solid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (MSRV), presumptive results for Salmonella can be obtained in 48 h, representing an interesting alternative to the standard methods. The specificity and sensitivity of the MSRV method were evaluated in this research. The efficiency of this method was also compared with the methodology recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) using bismuth sulfite agar, XLT4 agar and Rambach agar. A total of 146 food samples comprised of 41 chicken thighs, 35 Brazilian fresh pork sausages, 35 samples of cocoa powder and/or granulated cocoa and 35 samples of grated fresh coconut, were examined. Overall, the rapid method (direct + indirect) and the standard culture detected 96.1% and 84.6% of the positive samples, respectively. No Salmonella was detected in the coconut or cocoa samples by any of the methods. Eighteen (43.9%) chicken thigh samples were contaminated with the microorganism. The rapid method (direct + indirect) and the standard culture detected 94.4% and 88.9% of these, respectively. Salmonella was detected in eight (22.8%) fresh pork sausage samples. The MSRV method detected Salmonella in all eight samples, while the standard gave positive results in six (75%). When compared with the standard method, the indirect method showed 86.4% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity, while the direct MSRV showed a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 99.2%. Combined, both MSRV methods showed 95.5% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity. The MSRV medium also reduces the time necessary for the isolation of Salmonella from foods.
Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Cacau/microbiologia , Galinhas , Cocos/microbiologia , Meios de Cultura , Carne/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Suínos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.
Assuntos
Diarreia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Salmonella is the leading cause of human foodborne infections in Latin America, and poultry meat is one of the main vehicles. Small poultry slaughterhouses (fewer than 200 birds slaughtered per day) represent an important economic activity in certain regions. The slaughtering process in these abattoirs is manual and rudimentary, and frequently the hygienic conditions are poor. This study reports results of a detailed evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in carcasses, utensils, and environmental samples collected in 60 small Brazilian slaughterhouses. In the second step of the study, one of these slaughterhouses was selected to monitor the dissemination of Salmonella along the slaughtering process. For testing, conventional procedures were used: preenrichment in buffered peptone water (35 degrees C for 24 h), selective enrichment in Selenite-cystine (35 degrees C for 24 h), tetrathionate and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broths (42 degrees C for 24 h), plating on bismuth-sulfite and brilliant green agars (35 degrees C for 24 h), proper biochemical testing, and complete serotyping. Forty-one percent of samples harbored Salmonella spp., including 42% of carcasses, 23.1% of utensils, 71.4% of water, and 71.4% of freezers and refrigerators. Seventeen serotypes were detected. Salmonella Enteritidis predominated (30%), followed by Salmonella Albany (12%), Salmonella Hadar (12%), Salmonella Indiana (10%), and I 4,12:z:- (8%). All samples collected along the slaughtering process in the selected slaughterhouse were Salmonella positive. Five serotypes were detected, including Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Emek, and Salmonella Indiana. More than 30% of the samples contained more than one serotype, and 12.5% presented three serotypes. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella in small slaughterhouses reinforces the need for implementation of effective control measures.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Galinhas/microbiologia , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Produtos Avícolas/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Manipulação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Prevalência , Salmonella/classificação , SorotipagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: It is to describe outbreaks of salmonellosis reported from July 1993 through June 1997 in the Northwest region of S. Paulo State, Brazil, one of the areas where several foodborne outbreaks of salmonellosis have been recently detected. METHOD: Data of 19 epidemiological investigations were analysed; 87 stool specimens and 38 food samples (including 12 of shell eggs) were processed for microbiological analysis. Salmonella strains were identified by serotyping, phagetyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS: There were 906 ill persons including 295 hospitalized patients. Phage type 4 (PT 4) Salmonella Enteritidis strains were isolated from 80.5% of stool samples, from all food samples and from 41.7% of eggs. Of the outbreaks, 95.7% were associated with the consumption of food containing raw or undercooked eggs. All strains were susceptible to the 13 antimicrobials, except the strains from the nosocomial outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show the need for the implementation of control measures regarding egg and storage, as well as for guidance to the public as to the risks involved in the consumption of inadequately prepared eggs.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella enteritidis , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Ovos/microbiologia , Manipulação de Alimentos , HumanosRESUMO
Foram avaliados os sorotipos de 5.490 cepas de Salmonella isolados no periodo, 1991-95, de infeccoes humanas (2.254 cepas) e de materiais de origem nao humana (3.236 cepas) bem como o perfil de sensibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos de 131 cepas de S. enteritidis (92 de origem humana e 39 de origem nao humana). No periodo estudado, foram determinados 81 diferentes sorotipos. S. Enteritidis correspondeu a 1,2 por cento em 1991, 2 por cento em 1992, 10,1 por cento em 1993, 43,3 por cento em 1994 e 64,9 por cento em 1995. Um aumento significativo no isolamento de S. enteritidis foi verificado em 1993 associado a ocorrencia de surtos de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos. E relatado tambem o aumento deste sorotipo a partir de hemoculturas, principalmente daquelas oriundas de pacientes com sindrome de imunodeficiencia. S. enteritidis foi tambem o sorotipo prevalente em materiais de origem nao humana, particularmente em ovos, aves (matrizes) e em amostras do meio ambiente. Ressalta-se a importancia da contaminacao, das materias primas, componentes de racao de aves, pela S. enteritidis, o que representa um preocupante problema para a avicultura brasileira
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Sorotipagem , Brasil , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Serovars of a total of 5,490 Salmonella strains isolated during the period of 1991-95, from human infections (2,254 strains) and from non-human materials (3,236 strains) were evaluated. In the studied period, 81 different serovars were determined among human isolates. Salmonella Enteritidis corresponded to 1.2% in 1991, 2% in 1992, 10.1% in 1993, 43.3% in 1994, and 64.9% in 1995 of all isolates. A significant rise on the isolation of this serovar was seen since 1993 linked to food poisoning outbreaks. It is reported also an increase on the isolation of S. Enteritidis from blood cultures, associated mainly with patients with immunodeficiency syndrome. S. Enteritidis was prevalent among one hundred and thirty different serovars isolated from non-human sources. Increasing number of isolation of this serovar was seen from shell eggs, breeding flocks and from environmental samples. It is also reported a contamination of commercial feed stuffs by S. Enteritidis which represents a major concern for Brazilian poultry industry.
Assuntos
Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Microbiologia Ambiental , Contaminação de Alimentos , Humanos , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Salmonella/classificação , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , SorotipagemRESUMO
A total of 574 S. Enteritidis strains (383 from human sources and 191 from non-human sources) isolated between 1975-95, in São Paulo State, Brazil, were phagetyped. Among the strains isolated during the period of 1975-92, 80.9 of them belonged to phage type 8 (PT-8), but in 1993 strains of PT-4 accounted for 65.2 of all the S. Enteritidis isolates. In the following years, PT-4 strains accounted for 99.7 and 98.4 of phagetyped S. Enteritidis strains. The results obtained suggested that the current epidemic of S. Enteritidis in São Paulo State is clearly associated with the progression of PT-4 strains.
Assuntos
Humanos , Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Salmonella enteritidis , Brasil , Salmonella enteritidisRESUMO
A total of 574 S. Enteritidis strains (383 from human sources and 191 from non-human sources) isolated between 1975-95, in São Paulo State, Brazil, were phagetyped. Among the strains isolated during the period of 1975-92, 80.9% of them belonged to phage type 8 (PT-8), but in 1993 strains of PT-4 accounted for 65.2% of all the S. Enteritidis isolates. In the following years, PT-4 strains accounted for 99.7% and 98.4% of phagetyped S. Enteritidis strains. The results obtained suggested that the current epidemic of S. Enteritidis in São Paulo State is clearly associated with the progression of PT-4 strains.
Assuntos
Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Salmonella enteritidis/classificação , Bacteriófago T4 , Brasil , Humanos , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
No periodo de 1950-90 foram identificadas 45.862 cepas de Salmonella, sendo 31.517 provenientes de infeccoes humanas e 14.345 de materiais de origem nao humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as alteracoes ocorridas quanto a frequencia dos sorotipos isolados neste periodo. No periodo 1950-66, nao houve predominio evidente de nenhum sorotipo; entretanto, no perido 1970-76, com inicio em 1968, a S. Typhimurium passou a ser o sorotipo predominante, representando 77,7 por cento dos sorotipos isolados. Observou-se um aumento significativo da S. Agona, bem como de uma grande variedade de sorotipos. Quanto as salmonelas de origem nao humana, chama a atencao o grande numero (mais de 100) de sorotipos...