RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Domestic violence (DV) encompasses a series of abusive behaviors, perpetrated in a family environment, against individuals of all ages and genders. Injuries to the head, neck, and face are frequent findings among victims of abuse, negatively impacting their quality of life. Although oral and maxillofacial injuries (OMFI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are commonly diagnosed among DV victims, their prevalence is still unknown. This systematic review was aimed to assess the prevalence of OMFI and TDI among victims of DV. METHODS: The protocol of the review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023424235). Literature searches were performed in eight electronic databases, up to August 7th, 2023. Observational studies published in the Latin-roman alphabet and reporting the prevalence of OMFI and/or TDI were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, checklist for prevalence studies, was used for quality assessment. Results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses. RESULTS: Seventeen studies, totaling 12,375 victims of domestic violence, were included. Meta-analyses showed an overall prevalence of 29% (95% CI: 15%-48%, I2 = 99%) and 4% (95% CI: 1%-10%, I2 = 98%) for OMFI and TDI, respectively. Higher pooled prevalence for OMFI (41%, 95% CI: 13%-46%, I2 = 99%) was demonstrated in samples with only women. OMFI was less prevalent (20%) among DV victims under 18, while TDI was lower among adults (1%). Hospital samples presented higher pooled prevalence of OMFI (32%), and forensic data from fatal victims presented higher prevalence of TDI (8%). CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of OMFI and TDI in DV victims was 29% and 4%, respectively. Women victims of DV presented higher rates of OFMI (41%) and TDI (6%).
Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais , Traumatismos Dentários , Humanos , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/etiologia , Prevalência , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Bioprótese , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Trombose , Humanos , Valva Mitral , Falha de PróteseRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in emergency dental services. METHODS: Seven electronic and two grey literature databases were searched, up to December 2021, for studies that reported the TDI prevalence among dental emergencies. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies, and The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were used to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence respectively. The R software was used to perform a proportion meta-analysis on a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence and respective 95% CI. RESULTS: From a total of 1476 studies identified after excluding duplicates, 38 met the inclusion criteria, and another five were identified through hand searching, summing 43 included observational studies with a total sample of 209099 individuals searching for emergency dental care. The overall pooled prevalence of TDI was 15.4% (95% CI: 11%-21%, I² = 100%). Paediatric dental emergency services and age group from 0 to 21 years presented the highest prevalence, 29% (95% CI: 22%-38%, I² = 99.5%) and 24% (95% CI: 15%-35%, I² = 98%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in emergency dental services was 15.4%, and 24% in the age group under 21 years. Considering the impact of prompt and correct emergency care in the long-term prognosis of TDI, such knowledge is relevant to organize emergency healthcare and support public policies in this area.
Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Traumatismos Dentários , Criança , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Assistência OdontológicaRESUMO
O avanço no campo da engenharia tecidual e biomateriais conduz ao aprimoramento dos tratamentos e tecnologias já existentes, visando otimizar a resolução de injúrias e permitir tratamentos cada vez mais eficientes para a população. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste estudo foi produzir e caracterizar scaffolds de policaprolactona (PCL) incorporadas com três formulações diferentes de vidro bioativo, bem como avaliar a influência destas na osteogênese in vitro e na neoformação óssea in vivo. Para isso, foram obtidos quatro grupos experimentais: PCL (P), PCL incorporado com o vidro bioativo 45S5 (P45), PCL incorporado com o vidro bioativo S53P4 (P53) e PCL incorporado com o vidro bioativo 58S (P58). A síntese de todos os vidros foi realizada pela rota Sol-Gel, os quais foram incorporados à solução de PCL previamente à produção dos scaffolds por meio do processo de eletrofiação. Posteriormente à caracterização morfológica e físico-química, os scaffolds foram submetidas aos testes biológicos in vitro e in vivo. Na etapa in vitro, células da medula óssea obtidas de fêmures de ratos foram isoladas e plaqueadas com os scaffolds, visando avaliar a influência destas na atividade e diferenciação celular na osteogênese. Para o ensaio in vivo, 30 ratos Wistar foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico para confecção de um defeito crítico de 3,0 mm nas tíbias direita e esquerda para avaliação dos scaffolds. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada após 4 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico, e as peças foram submetidas à análise histológica, imuno-histoquímica (IHC), histomorfométrica e ao teste biomecânico de flexão de três pontos. Os dados obtidos foram estatisticamente analisados pelo teste ANOVA um fator, com nível de significância adotado de 5%. A caracterização morfológica e físico-química evidenciou o sucesso da referida metodologia em confeccionar o novo biomaterial. Na análise in vitro, observou-se que os scaffolds não foram citotóxicos, e permitiram atividade e diferenciação celular, sendo que o grupo P exibiu maior conteúdo de proteína total (p<0,05) em ambos os períodos analisados, e os grupos P53 e P58 exibiram maior atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), não diferindo entre si (p>0,0001) enquanto P exibiu menor atividade, diferindo estatisticamente (p<0,05). Todos os grupos permitiram a formação de nódulos de mineralização, e foi observado maior quantificação de Alizarina nos grupos P45, P53 e P58 quando comparados ao grupo P (p<0,05). Na análise histológica foi observada a presença de neoformação óssea na região do defeito crítico em todos os grupos. A IHC evidenciou a imunomarcação por osteocalcina (OC) e TRAP. Na análise histomorfométrica foi observada maior formação nos grupos P45 e P53, os quais não diferiram entre si (p>0,0001). O teste biomecânico evidenciou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p>0,05) ao avaliar a força de ruptura das tíbias. Os resultados evidenciaram o sucesso na produção do novo compósito, sendo que os grupos contendo vidro bioativo, em especial o grupo P53, se mostraram mais osteoativos e osteocondutores quando comparado ao grupo P, e evidenciam o potencial uso na engenharia tecidual.(AU)
Advancements in the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials lead to the enhancement of existing treatments and technologies, aiming to optimize injury resolution and enable increasingly efficient treatments for the population. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds incorporated with three different formulations of bioactive glass, as well as to evaluate their influence on in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo bone neoformation. To achieve this, four experimental groups were established: PCL (P), PCL incorporated with 45S5 bioactive glass (P45), PCL incorporated with S53P4 bioactive glass (P53), and PCL incorporated with 58S bioactive glass (P58). The synthesis of all glasses was carried out via the Sol-Gel route, and they were subsequently integrated into the PCL solution prior to scaffold production through the electrospinning process. Following morphological and physicochemical characterization, the scaffolds underwent in vitro and in vivo biological testing. In the in vitro phase, bone marrow cells obtained from rat femurs were isolated and plated with the scaffolds to assess their influence on cellular activity and differentiation in osteogenesis. For the in vivo assay, 30 Wistar rats underwent a surgical procedure to create a 3.0 mm critical defect in the right and left tibias for the evaluation of the scaffolds. Euthanasia of the animals was performed after 4 weeks of the surgical procedure, and the specimens were subjected to histological analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histomorphometric analysis, and a three-point bending biomechanical test. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with a significance level set at 5%. Morphological and physicochemical characterization confirmed the success of the aforementioned methodology in fabricating the new biomaterial. In the in vitro analysis, it was observed that the scaffolds were not cytotoxic and allowed for cellular activity and differentiation. Group P exhibited a higher total protein content (p<0.05) in both analyzed periods, and groups P53 and P58 displayed greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with no significant difference between them (p>0.0001), while P exhibited lower activity, differing statistically (p<0.05). All groups supported the formation of mineralization nodules, with a higher quantification of Alizarin observed in the P45, P53, and P58 groups compared to the P group (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed the presence of bone neoformation in the critical defect region in all groups. IHC showed immunolabeling for osteocalcin (OC) and TRAP. Histomorphometric analysis revealed greater formation in the P45 and P53 groups, which did not differ from each other (p>0.0001). The biomechanical test indicated no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05) when evaluating tibial rupture strength. The results demonstrated the success in producing the new composite, with the bioactive glass-containing groups, especially the P53 group, showing greater osteoactivity and osteoconductivity compared to the P group, highlighting their potential for use in tissue engineering (AU)
Assuntos
Osteogênese , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Regeneração Óssea , Engenharia Tecidual , NanofibrasRESUMO
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vaginal molds, made with three-dimensional (3D) printing, for conservative treatment through vaginal dilation in patients with vaginal agenesis (VA). Methods A total of 16 patients with a diagnosis of VA (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, total androgen insensitivity syndrome, and cervicovaginal agenesis) from the Federal University of São Paulo were selected. Device production was performed in a 3D printer, and the polymeric filament of the lactic polyacid (PLA) was used as raw material. A personalized treatment was proposed and developed for each patient. Results There were 14 patients who reached a final vaginal length of 6 cm or more. The initial total vaginal length (TVL) mean (SD) was 1.81(1.05) and the final TVL mean (SD) was 6.37 (0.94); the difference, analyzed as 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 4.56 (5.27-3.84) and the effect size (95% CI) was 4.58 (2.88-6.28). Conclusion The 3D printing molds for vaginal dilation were successful in 87.5% of the patients. They did not present any major adverse effects and offered an economical, accessible, and reproducible strategy for the treatment of VA.
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de moldes dilatadores vaginais, confeccionados com impressão tridimensional (3D), para tratamento conservador através da dilatação vaginal em pacientes com agenesia vaginal (AV). Métodos Foram selecionadas 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de AV (síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser, síndrome de insensibilidade androgênica total e agenesia cervicovaginal), da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A produção dos dispositivos foi realizada em uma impressora 3D e, como matéria-prima, foi utilizado o filamento polimérico do poliácido lático (PLA). Um tratamento personalizado foi proposto e desenvolvido para cada paciente. Resultados Quatorze pacientes atingiram um comprimento vaginal final (CVF) de 6 cm ou mais. A média inicial do CVF (DP) foi de 1,81 (1,05) e a média final do CVF (DP) 6,37 (0,94); a diferença (IC 95%) foi de 4,56 (5,27-3,84) e o tamanho do efeito (IC 95%) foi de 4,58 (2,88-6,28). Conclusão Os moldes de impressão 3D para dilatação vaginal obtiveram sucesso em 87,5% das pacientes. Como impacto secundário, não apresentaram efeitos adversos importantes e ofereceram uma estratégia econômica, acessível e reprodutível para o tratamento da AV.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Vagina/anatomia & histologia , Impressão TridimensionalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vaginal molds, made with three-dimensional (3D) printing, for conservative treatment through vaginal dilation in patients with vaginal agenesis (VA). METHODS: A total of 16 patients with a diagnosis of VA (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, total androgen insensitivity syndrome, and cervicovaginal agenesis) from the Federal University of São Paulo were selected. Device production was performed in a 3D printer, and the polymeric filament of the lactic polyacid (PLA) was used as raw material. A personalized treatment was proposed and developed for each patient. RESULTS: There were 14 patients who reached a final vaginal length of 6 cm or more. The initial total vaginal length (TVL) mean (SD) was 1.81(1.05) and the final TVL mean (SD) was 6.37 (0.94); the difference, analyzed as 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 4.56 (5.27-3.84) and the effect size (95% CI) was 4.58 (2.88-6.28). CONCLUSION: The 3D printing molds for vaginal dilation were successful in 87.5% of the patients. They did not present any major adverse effects and offered an economical, accessible, and reproducible strategy for the treatment of VA.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de moldes dilatadores vaginais, confeccionados com impressão tridimensional (3D), para tratamento conservador através da dilatação vaginal em pacientes com agenesia vaginal (AV). MéTODOS: Foram selecionadas 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de AV (síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser, síndrome de insensibilidade androgênica total e agenesia cervicovaginal), da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A produção dos dispositivos foi realizada em uma impressora 3D e, como matéria-prima, foi utilizado o filamento polimérico do poliácido lático (PLA). Um tratamento personalizado foi proposto e desenvolvido para cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Quatorze pacientes atingiram um comprimento vaginal final (CVF) de 6 cm ou mais. A média inicial do CVF (DP) foi de 1,81 (1,05) e a média final do CVF (DP) 6,37 (0,94); a diferença (IC 95%) foi de 4,56 (5,273,84) e o tamanho do efeito (IC 95%) foi de 4,58 (2,886,28). CONCLUSãO: Os moldes de impressão 3D para dilatação vaginal obtiveram sucesso em 87,5% das pacientes. Como impacto secundário, não apresentaram efeitos adversos importantes e ofereceram uma estratégia econômica, acessível e reprodutível para o tratamento da AV.
Assuntos
Transtornos 46, XX do Desenvolvimento Sexual , Anormalidades Congênitas , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Tratamento Conservador , Vagina/anormalidades , Resultado do Tratamento , Transtornos 46, XX do Desenvolvimento Sexual/terapia , Ductos Paramesonéfricos/anormalidades , Anormalidades Congênitas/terapiaRESUMO
Introdução: As doenças crônicas configuram importante problema de saúde coletiva no Brasil, principalmente hipertensão arterial, doenças cardiovasculares, acidentes vasculares cerebrais e diabetes, sendo um dos principais fatores de risco, as dislipidemias. Numerosos estudos clínicos mundiais estabeleceram a associação entre dislipidemia e aumento da mortalidade. O Brasil acompanha este fenômeno internacional. Observa-se uma pobre cultura sanitária sobre o problema, bem como hábitos de vida da população e pouca informação sobre o tema. Considerando este cenário, o presente estudo avaliou a melhoria do perfil lipídico dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Clínica Médica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal em uso de terapia tripla combinada (sinvastatina, ezetimiba e ômega 3). Resultados: apresentou-se uma grande redução do perfil lipídico dos pacientes analisados. A síndrome metabólica foi a comorbidade a qual apresentou a queda mais expressiva do perfil lipídico, chegando ao valor de redução do LDL em 43,99%, colesterol total 33,06% e triglicerídeos 38,77%. Discussão: foi visto uma redução no perfil lipídico de forma significativa, levantando a possibilidade que a terapia tripla pode ter efeitos sinérgicos na redução do colesterol e triglicerídeos. Conclusão: administração da terapia tripla combinada com sinvastatina 40mg, ezetimiba 10mg e ômega 3 (EPA e DHA 900mg 1000mg), não induziu algum efeito tóxico ou evento cardiovascular, assim como efeito adverso novo. Além disso, demonstrou uma redução significante do perfil lipídico. Palavras-chave: Dislipidemia. Estatinas. Doenças crônicas. Promoção da saúde.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Comorbidade , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Colesterol , Doença Crônica , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Sinvastatina/administração & dosagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Síndrome Metabólica , Diabetes Mellitus , Dislipidemias/prevenção & controle , Ezetimiba/administração & dosagem , Promoção da Saúde , HipertensãoRESUMO
Purpose To analyze changes in the thermal pattern in the skin graft receptor bed, after the use of therapeutic ultrasound through the thermographic images. Methods Eighteen Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar, separated into two groups: GST groups (without tumor and without treatment with ultrasound) and GT (with tumor and treatment with ultrasound). In the GT group, induction of carcinogenesis was performed by single intradermal application of 0.05 ml DMBA at 0.5%, diluted in acetone. Subsequently, a technique of reconstructive grafting surgery of the mesh type was performed in both groups and treatment with therapeutic ultrasound was performed in the GT group the alternate day protocol at 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after the procedure. The thermographic evaluation occurred on days 3, 6, 10 and 15 after the grafting. Results There was a significant difference between the statistical evaluation of the temperature of the control group when compared to the treated group, on the different evaluation days (p <0.0001). Conclusion The thermographic analysis of the images was effective in evaluating the healing process, being the use of thermography feasible to evaluate changes in the thermal standard in the surgical bed, besides the beneficial effects of the US.
Assuntos
Termografia , Terapia por Ultrassom , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transplante de Pele , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Environmental pollution caused by antipsychotic residues is a relevant ecological problem. Studies revealed that residues of these drugs are present in a wide range of different ecosystems and can have adverse effects on non-target organisms even in low environmental concentrations. Among these antipsychotic drugs, aripiprazole (APPZ) is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic that is a partial agonist of dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptors. APPZ is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety or panic disorders. Thus, in this study we posed the following question: "What will be the behavioral effects of waterborne APPZ on fish?" To answer this question, we exposed adult zebrafish to different APPZ concentrations (0.556, 5.56, and 556 ng/L) for 15 min and evaluated their exploratory, anxiety-like, social, and anti-predatory behaviors. Our results showed that, despite the apparent beneficial reversal of stress-induced social impairment and anxiety-like behavior, APPZ exposure impaired the anti-predatory reaction of adult zebrafish. Taken altogether, our results show that APPZ-exposed zebrafish may have a decreased perception of predators, even at concentrations lower than those already detected in the environment. A failure to exhibit an antipredatory response may favor the predator, decrease the fitness of the prey species, and, consequently, affect the food chain. Our results highlight the risks and consequences associated with APPZ residues in water, which may affect aquatic life and endanger species that depend on appropriate behavioral responses for survival.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Aripiprazol/farmacologia , Cadeia Alimentar , Comportamento Predatório/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Social , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Animais , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Ansiedade/etiologia , Aripiprazol/administração & dosagem , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Feminino , Carpa Dourada/fisiologia , Masculino , Estresse Fisiológico , Poluição Química da ÁguaRESUMO
Purpose To analyze changes in the thermal pattern in the skin graft receptor bed, after the use of therapeutic ultrasound through the thermographic images. Methods Eighteen Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar, separated into two groups: GST groups (without tumor and without treatment with ultrasound) and GT (with tumor and treatment with ultrasound). In the GT group, induction of carcinogenesis was performed by single intradermal application of 0.05 ml DMBA at 0.5%, diluted in acetone. Subsequently, a technique of reconstructive grafting surgery of the mesh type was performed in both groups and treatment with therapeutic ultrasound was performed in the GT group the alternate day protocol at 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after the procedure. The thermographic evaluation occurred on days 3, 6, 10 and 15 after the grafting. Results There was a significant difference between the statistical evaluation of the temperature of the control group when compared to the treated group, on the different evaluation days (p <0.0001). Conclusion The thermographic analysis of the images was effective in evaluating the healing process, being the use of thermography feasible to evaluate changes in the thermal standard in the surgical bed, besides the beneficial effects of the US.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Termografia/métodos , Ferida Cirúrgica , Cicatrização , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Abstract Purpose To analyze changes in the thermal pattern in the skin graft receptor bed, after the use of therapeutic ultrasound through the thermographic images. Methods Eighteen Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar, separated into two groups: GST groups (without tumor and without treatment with ultrasound) and GT (with tumor and treatment with ultrasound). In the GT group, induction of carcinogenesis was performed by single intradermal application of 0.05 ml DMBA at 0.5%, diluted in acetone. Subsequently, a technique of reconstructive grafting surgery of the mesh type was performed in both groups and treatment with therapeutic ultrasound was performed in the GT group the alternate day protocol at 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after the procedure. The thermographic evaluation occurred on days 3, 6, 10 and 15 after the grafting. Results There was a significant difference between the statistical evaluation of the temperature of the control group when compared to the treated group, on the different evaluation days (p <0.0001). Conclusion The thermographic analysis of the images was effective in evaluating the healing process, being the use of thermography feasible to evaluate changes in the thermal standard in the surgical bed, besides the beneficial effects of the US.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Terapia por Ultrassom , Termografia , Cicatrização , Transplante de Pele , Ratos WistarRESUMO
CONTEXT: Zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) is frequently used due to its satisfactory biological response, sedative effect on the pulp, and easy removal. However, literature is very controversial about the influence of the temporary cement-containing eugenol on the bond strength properties. AIMS: This study aims to clarify the literature controversy by evaluating the bond strength of ZOE or ZOE-free applied before bonding procedures and the 7-day resting period after the first session. SETTINGS AND DESIGNS: Twelve recently extracted third molars were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1: Control (without treatment), Group 2: Temp-Bond NE; Group 3: Temp-Bond. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After temporary restorations, the teeth were immersed in distilled water and stored for 7 days at 37°C. The temporary cement was mechanically removed, and prophylaxis was performed. The adhesive procedures were performed, and a 6-mm-high composite resin block was built. The teeth were immediately stored at 100% relative humidity at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens with 0.7 (±0.2) mm2 of cross-sectional area were obtained and subjected to a microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test at 1 mm/min until failure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: ZOE or ZOE-free cement did not interfere in the µTBS between resin composite and dentine when used with a two-step-etch-rinse adhesive material, considering 7 days of resting period after the first session, by the ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend the removal of the temporary cementation at least seven days after the first session and suggest that the clinicians follow-up further studies to use the cement in case its removal is recommended within a longer period.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol , Resinas Compostas , Cimentos Dentários , Restauração Dentária Temporária , Dentina , Adesivos Dentinários , Eugenol , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos de Resina , Resistência à Tração , ZincoRESUMO
Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus which causes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. In fungi, cell signaling and cell wall plasticity are crucial for maintaining physiologic processes. In this context, Msb2 is an important signaling mucin responsible for activation of a variety of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling pathways that regulate cell growth in several organisms, such as the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Here, we aimed to characterize the MSB2 homologue in A. fumigatus Our results showed that MsbA plays a role in the vegetative and reproductive development of the fungus, in stress adaptation, and in resistance to antifungal drugs by modulating the CWI pathway gene expression. Importantly, cell wall composition is also responsible for activation of diverse receptors of the host immune system, thus leading to a proper immune response. In a model of acute Aspergillus pulmonary infection, results demonstrate that the ΔmsbA mutant strain induced less inflammation with diminished cell influx into the lungs and lower cytokine production, culminating in increased lethality rate. These results characterize for the first time the role of the signaling mucin MsbA in the pathogen A. fumigatus, as a core sensor for cell wall morphogenesis and an important regulator of virulence.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus with great medical importance. During infection, Aspergillus grows, forming hyphae that colonize the lung tissue and invade and spread over the mammal host, resulting in high mortality rates. The knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for regulation of fungal growth and virulence comprises an important point to better understand fungal physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Msb2 is a mucin that acts as a sensor and an upstream regulator of the MAPK pathway responsible for fungal development in Candida albicans and Aspergillus nidulans Here, we show the role of the signaling mucin MsbA in the pathogen A. fumigatus, as a core sensor for cell wall morphogenesis, fungal growth, and virulence. Moreover, we show that cell wall composition, controlled by MsbA, is detrimental for fungal recognition and clearance by immune cells. Our findings are important for the understanding of how fungal sensors modulate cell physiology.
Assuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Aspergillus fumigatus/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Mucinas/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/imunologia , Animais , Aspergilose/imunologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Feminino , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/imunologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mucinas/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , VirulênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antibacterial effects, cytotoxicity and microtensile bond strength of an adhesive containing low concentrations of silver nanoparticles (NAg). METHODS: Various concentrations of NAg (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) were incorporated into the primer of the Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system (SBMP). Antibacterial activity was examined using a broth microdilution assay to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), agar diffusion assay and the MTT assay was used to examine the biofilm metabolic activity (S. mutans). The Microtensile Bond Test (µTBS) was performed after 24 h, followed by 6-months storage in distilled water. Cytotoxicity was assessed with an MTT reduction assay in human dental pulp stem cells viability after exposure to Nag-conditioned culture media during 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results were statistically analyzed (α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: MIC was found between NAg 25 and 50 ppm MBC was determined at 50 ppm of NAg. Bacterial activity inhibition was higher than control in all NAg groups compared to control in agar diffusion assay. Biofilm inhibition was statistically higher in 250 ppm NAg than control. All NAg groups and SBMP presented similar cytotoxicity in each period. Adhesives with NAg 200 and 250 ppm and SBMP (control) presented the highest µTBS values, similar to that of SBMP control, in both instances (24 h and 6 months) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The commercial primer containing NAg 250 ppm showed both antibacterial effect and reliable bond strength with no cytotoxicity increase. The addition of NAg to primers seems promising for the improvement of conventional dental adhesives efficacy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of low concentrations of NAg (250 ppm) to primers were effective to improve antibacterial effect preserving the bond strength and the biocompatibility of the commercial product. NAg/primer association could protect the tooth-adhesive interface increasing dental restoration longevity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Colagem Dentária , Cimentos Dentários , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Prata , Biofilmes , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos de Resina , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Piroplasmoses are one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne diseases of animals. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of piroplasmid in wild mammals, domestic dogs and ectoparasites in southern Pantanal region, central-western Brazil. For that purpose, blood or tissue samples from 31 Nasua nasua, 78 Cerdocyon thous, 7 Leopardus pardalis, 42 dogs, 110 wild rodents, and 30 marsupials, and 1582 ticks were submitted to PCR assays for piroplasmid targeting 18SrRNA and hps70 genes. Seven dogs, one C. thous, five L. pardalis, three N. nasua, six wild rodents, eight Amblyomma parvum, two Amblyomma sculptum and one Amblyomma ovale were positive for piroplasmid-PCR assays. Genotypes closely related to Babesia vogeli were detected in six dogs and five wild rodents. While genotypes closely related to Babesia caballi were detected in one C. thous, one dog, one A. ovale and one A. sculptum, genotypes closely related to Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis were detected in four A. parvum ticks. Four sequences obtained from A. parvum, three coatis and one wild rodent were closely related to Theileria equi. Cytauxzoon spp. was detected in four ocelots. The present study revealed that wild and domestic animals in Brazilian southern Pantanal are exposed to different piroplasmid species.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Ixodidae/parasitologia , Piroplasmida/classificação , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Sifonápteros/parasitologia , Animais , Biodiversidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/análise , Filogenia , Prevalência , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/análise , RNA de Protozoário/análise , RNA Ribossômico 18S/análise , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Hepatozoon parasites comprise intracellular apicomplexan parasites transmitted to vertebrate animals by ingestion of arthropods definitive hosts. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of Hepatozoon spp. in wild animals, domestic dogs and their respective ectoparasites, in southern Pantanal region, central-western Brazil, by molecular techniques. Between August 2013 and March 2015, 31 coatis (Nasua nasua), 78 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), seven ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), 42 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), 110 wild rodents (77 Thichomys fosteri, 25 Oecomys mamorae, and 8 Clyomys laticeps), 30 marsupials (14 Thylamys macrurus, 11 Gracilinanus agilis, 4 Monodelphis domestica and 1 Didelphis albiventris), and 1582 ticks and 80 fleas collected from the sampled animals were investigated. DNA samples were submitted to PCR assays for Hepatozoon spp. targeting 18S rRNA gene. Purified amplicons were directly sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. A high prevalence of Hepatozoon among carnivores (C. thous [91.02%], dogs [45.23%], N. nasua [41.9%] and L. pardalis [71.4%]) was found. However, ticks and fleas were negative to Hepatozoon PCR assays. By phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA sequences, Hepatozoon sequences amplified from crab-eating foxes, dogs, coatis and ocelots clustered with sequences of H. canis, H. americanum and H. felis. The closely related positioning of Hepatozoon sequences amplified from wild rodents and T. macrurus marsupial to Hepatozoon from reptiles and amphibians suggest a possible transmission of those Hepatozoon species between hosts by ectoparasites or by predation. Hepatozoon haplotypes found circulating in wild rodents seem to present a higher degree of polymorphism when compared to those found in other groups of animals. Although rodents seem not to participate as source of Hepatozoon infection to wild carnivores and domestic dogs, they may play an important role in the transmission of Hepatozoon to reptiles and amphibians in Pantanal biome.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Sifonápteros/parasitologia , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Anfíbios , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Eucoccidiida/classificação , Eucoccidiida/genética , Feminino , Geografia , Masculino , Mamíferos , Filogenia , Prevalência , Répteis , Roedores , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
Pesquisa epidemiológica, descritiva com recorte transversal teve por objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico de homens com câncer de próstata assistidos em Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista a 54 homens, empregando-se formulário estruturado abordando características sociodemográficas, comportamento de saúde e história da doença. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o Programa SPSS versão 19. Os resultados apontaram idade média de 74,8 anos, predomínio de brancos; baixa escolaridade; aposentados e coabitação familiar; foram identificados como comportamentos de risco para o câncer de próstata: alimentação inadequada; tabagismo; ingestão de bebida alcoólica; e tempo médio da procura por cuidados superior a 30 dias. Estratégias devem ser adotadas por gestores públicos e equipe multiprofissional para informar o homem sobre a importância de atitude positiva de prevenção.
This epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional research aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of men with prostate cancer assisted in a Teaching Hospital in the south of Brazil. The data were collected through interviews with 54 men, using a structured questionnaire addressing socio-demographic characteristics, health behavior and history of the disease. The SPSS Program, version 19, was used for analysis of the data. The results indicated a mean age of 74.8 years old; the prevalence of Caucasians; low educational level; retirees and living with family members. Behaviors of risk for prostate cancer were identified: poor food; smoking; alcoholic drinks; and a mean time taken to seek treatment of over 30 days. Public managers and the multi-professional team must adopt strategies in order to inform men about the importance of a positive preventive attitude.
Investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva con corte transversal que tuvo la finalidad de trazar el perfil epidemiológico de hombres con cáncer de próstata asistidos en Hospital Universitario del Sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de entrevista con 54 hombres, utilizándose el formulario estructurado que cuestionaba las características sociodemográficas, comportamiento de salud y historia de la enfermedad. Para el análisis de los datos, fue usado el Programa SPSS versión 19. Los resultados apuntaron edad media de 74,8 años, predominio de blancos; poca escolaridad; jubilados y que vivían con familiares; fueron identificados como comportamientos de riesgo para el cáncer de próstata: alimentación inadecuada; tabaquismo; ingestión de bebida alcohólica; y tiempo medio de busca por cuidados superior a 30 días. Estrategias deben ser adoptadas por gestores públicos y equipo multiprofesional para informar al hombre sobre la importancia de actitud positiva de prevención.
Assuntos
Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata , Enfermagem , Saúde do HomemRESUMO
Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) constitui uma das principais causas de internações e mortalidade, causando, em cerca de 90% dos sobreviventes, algum tipo de deficiência, seja ela parcial ou total. Os comprometimentos funcionais variam de um indivíduo para o outro e o desempenho das habilidades de atividades de vida diária (AVD) são fortemente prejudicados. Objetivos: Avaliar a independência funcional de indivíduos na fase crônica após AVE e verificar a sua relação com a realização de tratamento fisioterapêutico. Materiais e métodos: A amostra constou de 69 hemiparéticos crônicos com média de idade de 64-65 anos. Para avaliar a funcionalidade, utilizou-se a Medida de Independência Funcional(MIF) e foram determinados os efeitos chão e teto. A análise estatística incluiu o teste de normalidadede Kolmogorov-Smirnov, média e desvio-padrão, e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Segundo o domínio motor da MIF, o item controle de esfíncteres (fezes) apresentou o maior número de indivíduos realizando de forma totalmente independente (88,4%) e o item subir e descer escadas foi o que obteve menor escore. Todos os itens do domínio cognitivo obtiveram médias superiores a 6,4 pontos. Foi encontrado elevado efeito teto para ambos os domínios, motor e cognitivo. Apenas a dimensão transferências diferiu significativamente entre os que faziam e os que não faziam fisioterapia (p = 0,01). Conclusão: De modo geral, não houve relação entre a independência funcional e a realização da fisioterapia. Entretanto,o elevado efeito teto pode ter interferido nos resultados, sugerindo limitação da MIF em discriminar osindivíduos avaliados
INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality, causing some type of disability in approximately 90% of survivors, whether partial or total. The functional impairment varies from one individual to the other and the performance skills of activities of daily living (ADLs) are strongly affected. OBJECTIVES: To assess the functional independence of individuals in the chronic phase after stroke and to determine its relation with the treatment by physiotherapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 69 chronic hemiparetic individuals with a mean age of 64-65 years old. In order to evaluate the functionality, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used and the floor and ceiling effects were determined. Statistical analysis included the normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, mean and standard deviation and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: According to the FIM motor domain, the item "sphincter control (feces)" had the highest number of individuals performing totally independently (88.4%) and the item "going up and down the stairs" showed the lowest scores. All items in the cognitive domain had means higher than 6.4 points. Ceiling effect for both motor and cognitive areas was found. Only the transfer dimension differed significantly between those who did and those who did not do physical therapy (p = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no relation between functional independence and physical therapy. However, the ceiling effect may have influenced the results, suggesting MIF restriction in discriminating the evaluated individuals.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Canal Anal , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Paresia , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMO
O presente estudo é descritivo de análise situacional e teve objetivo relatar a experiência da aplicação da escala de Coelho e Savassi como instrumento para a priorização das visitas domiciliares da ESF (Estratégia Saúde da Família). A escala consiste em uma lista de indicadores com escores cuja somatória assim classifica o risco familiar: R0 = sem risco; R1 = menor risco; R2 = risco médio; e R3 = risco máximo. Foi realizado um treinamento com profissionais da saúde de duas equipes da ESF de uma unidade de saúde com o objetivo de capacitá-los e sensibilizá-los. Esses profissionais avaliaram 1.810 famílias acompanhadas pela ESF daquela unidade através de dados contidos na ficha cadastral existente. Os resultados apontaram que 86% das famílias foram consideradas sem risco e 14% apresentaram algum risco. Das consideradas com risco 63% foram classificadas como R1, 22% como R2 e 15% como R3. Essa classificação viabilizou o planejamento das ações, dando prioridade àquelas famílias que apresentaram maior risco e determinando a frequência das visitas domiciliares. Ao final deste trabalho foi possível perceber a importância da classificação de risco familiar para direcionar e otimizar os trabalhos das equipes da ESF junto às famílias vulneráveis.
This is a descriptive study with a situational analysis approach. The aim was to report the experience of applying Coelho and Savassi's as a tool for priorization of home visits enrolled into the Family Health Strategy (FHS). This scale has a list of index scores that indicates the family risk classification by the sum of the scores. R0 indicates no risk, R1 indicates low risk, R2 indicates mild risk, and R3 indicates high risk. Health professionals from two FHS teams were trained to apply the scale. The professionals assessed 1810 families enrolled in the FHS of a Health Center using data from the enrollment profile form. Results pointed that 86% families were not exposed to any risk and 14% were exposed to some risk. Out of the families exposed to risk, 63% were classified as R1, 22% as R2 and 15% as R3. This classification allowed to develop plans giving priority to families at high risk, and also determining frequency of home visits. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of family risk classification in focusing and improving health care actions of FHS teams toward vulnerable families.
El presente estudio es descriptivo de análisis situacional, cuyo objetivo fue relatar la experiencia de la aplicación de la escala de Coelho y Savassi como instrumento para la priorización de las visitas domiciliarias de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). La escala consiste en una lista de indicadores con puntuación, cuya sumatoria clasifica el riesgo familiar, siendo R0 = sin riesgo; R1 = riesgo menor; R2 = riesgo medio y R3 = riesgo máximo. Fue realizado un entrenamiento con los profesionales de salud de dos equipos de la ESF de una unidad de salud, con la finalidad de capacitarlos y sensibilizarlos. Estos profesionales evaluaron 1810 familias acompañadas por la ESF de la unidad a través de datos contenidos en la ficha de registro existente. Los resultados señalaron que 86% de las familias fueron consideradas sin riesgo y 14% presentaron algún riesgo. De las consideradas en riesgo, 63% fueron clasificadas como R1, 22% como R2 y 15% como R3. Esta clasificación posibilitó planear acciones, dando prioridad a aquellas familias que presentaron mayor riesgo y determinando la frecuencia de las visitas domiciliarias. Al final de este trabajo, fue posible percibir la importancia de la clasificación del riesgo familiar para dirigir y mejorar los trabajos de los equipos de la ESF junto a las familias vulnerables.