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Abstract The prevalence of depression varies from 1 to 17% in different geographic regions, and its incidence is 70% higher in women than men. Today, depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide, affecting twice as many women from adolescence to adulthood. In addition to this earlier onset, depression in women tends to be more severe. Cardiovascular disease and depression are chronic diseases that have a major impact on cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality, with evidence of a two-way relationship between them, in which depression is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and vice versa. In females, the degree of illness and prognosis are more severe when both diseases are present, than when diagnosed alone. In patients with acute or chronic cardiovascular disease, especially women, a systematic screening for depression should be considered as a preventive strategy of cardiovascular events, aiming to reduce the risk of future events. There are still no clinical studies designed to assess the impact of antidepressant treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in women.

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AIMS: The Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) has been considered as a diagnostic and prognostic Doppler marker for many different clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of traditional Pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD-MPI) and Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI-MPI) and the degree of agreement between these methods in patients with grade-I diastolic dysfunction (DDI) and a normal ejection fraction. METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive ambulatory patients with DDI were compared to 51 healthy subjects with normal echocardiograms. All subjects underwent measurement of time intervals and MPI with PWD and pulsed TDI. RESULTS: TDI-MPI and PWD-MPI were significantly higher in patients with DDI than in control subjects: 0.49 ± 0.14 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09 (P < 0.001) and 0.45 ± 0.11 vs. 0.37 ± 0.08 (P < 0.001), respectively. Cutoff values of TDI-MPI > 0.42 and PWD-MPI > 0.40 identified DDI subjects, with sensitivities of 74 and 64%; specificities of 61 and 69%; positive likelihood ratios of 1.9 and 2.0; and negative likelihood ratios of 0.42 and 0.53, respectively; no significant difference was noted between the areas under the ROC curves of TDI-MPI and PWD-MPI (P = 0.77). Bland-Altman plots showed wide limits of agreement between these indices: - 0.17 to 0.23 in healthy subjects and - 0.24 to 0.32 in DDI patients. CONCLUSION: PWD-MPI and TDI-MPI showed poor clinical agreement and were not reliable parameters for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function.

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Introdução: A pré-eclâmpsia com características graves (PECG) é uma síndrome específica da gravidez caracterizada por hipertensão grave e disfunção de órgãos-alvo e está associada a eventos cardiovasculares adversos a curto prazo, incluindo insuficiência cardíaca, edema pulmonar e acidente vascular cerebral. Objetivos: Os autores tiveram como objetivo caracterizar as alterações ecocardiográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais de curto prazo em mulheres com PEC, concentrando-se na pressão sistólica do ventrículo direito (PSVD) e nos parâmetros diastólico, sistólico e de rastreamento diastólico, sistólico e de salpicos derivados do ecocardiograma. Métodos: Neste estudo observacional prospectivo, os autores recrutaram 63 mulheres com PEC e 36 pacientes controle grávidas. Resultados: A coorte PEC apresentou maior PSVD (31,0 ± 7,9 mm Hg vs. 22,5 ± 6,1 mm Hg; p <0,001) e diminuição da tensão sistólica longitudinal global do VD (RVLSS) (19,6 ± 3,2% vs. 23,8 ± 2,9% [p < 0,0001]) quando comparado com a coorte controle. Para os parâmetros cardíacos do lado esquerdo, houve diferenças (p <0,001) na velocidade e 'septal mitral (9,6 ± 2,4 cm / s vs. 11,6 ± 1,9 cm / s), relação E / e' septal (10,8 ± 2,8 vs. 7,4 ± 1,6), tamanho da área atrial esquerda (20,1 ± 3,8 cm2 vs. 17,3 ± 2,9 cm2) e espessura da parede posterior e septal (mediana [intervalo interquartil]: 1,0 cm [0,9 a 1,1 cm] vs. 0,8 cm [0,7 a 0,9 cm] e 1,0 cm [0,8 a 1,2 cm] vs. 0,8 cm [0,7 a 0,9 cm]). Oito mulheres (12,7%) com PEC apresentaram disfunção diastólica grau II e 6 mulheres (9,5%) apresentaram edema pulmonar periparto. Conclusões: Mulheres com PEC apresentam maior PSVD, maiores taxas de função diastólica anormal, menor RVLSS global, maior remodelamento da câmara do lado esquerdo e maiores taxas de edema pulmonar periparto, quando comparadas a mulheres grávidas saudáveis.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia with severe features (PEC) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by severe hypertension and end-organ dysfunction, and is associated with short-term adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, pulmonary edema, and stroke. Objectives: The authors aimed to characterize the short-term echocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory changes in women with PEC, focusing on right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP) and echocardiographic-derived diastolic, systolic, and speckle tracking parameters. Methods: In this prospective observational study, the authors recruited 63 women with PEC and 36 pregnant control patients. Results: The PEC cohort had higher RVSP (31.0 ± 7.9 mm Hg vs. 22.5 ± 6.1 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and decreased global RV longitudinal systolic strain (RVLSS) (19.6 ± 3.2% vs. 23.8 ± 2.9% [p < 0.0001]) when compared with the control cohort. For left-sided cardiac parameters, there were differences (p < 0.001) in mitral septal e' velocity (9.6 ± 2.4 cm/s vs. 11.6 ± 1.9 cm/s), septal E/e' ratio (10.8 ± 2.8 vs. 7.4 ± 1.6), left atrial area size (20.1 ± 3.8 cm2 vs. 17.3 ± 2.9 cm2 ), and posterior and septal wall thickness (median [interquartile range]: 1.0 cm [0.9 to 1.1 cm] vs. 0.8 cm [0.7 to 0.9 cm], and 1.0 cm [0.8 to 1.2 cm] vs. 0.8 cm [0.7 to 0.9 cm]). Eight women (12.7%) with PEC had grade II diastolic dysfunction, and 6 women (9.5%) had peripartum pulmonary edema. Conclusions: Women with PEC have higher RVSP, higher rates of abnormal diastolic function, decreased global RVLSS, increased left-sided chamber remodeling, and higher rates of peripartum pulmonary edema, when compared with healthy pregnant women. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:1­11) © 2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

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INTRODUCTION: To report a single-institutional experience with the use of Superficial X-Ray Therapy (SXRT) for head and neck non-melanoma skin cancer (N-MSC) and to compare outcomes by prescribed fractionation schedules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 597 patients with 1021 lesions (720 BCC, 242 SCC, 59 SCC in situ) treated with kilovoltage radiation from 1979-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The majority of patients were treated according to 1 of 3 institutional protocols based on the discretion of the radiation oncologist: 1) 22 x 2.5 Gy; 2) 20 x 2.5 Gy; 3) 30 x 2.0 Gy. "T" stage at first presentation was as follows: Tis (59); T1 (765); T2 (175); T3 (6), T4 (9); Tx, (7). All patients were clinical N0 and M0 at presentation. Chi-square test was used to evaluate any potential association between variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival with the Log Rank test used for comparison. A Cox Regression analysis was performed for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median follow up was 44 months. No significant difference was observed among the 3 prescribed fractionation schemes (p = 0.78) in terms of RTOG toxicity. There were no failures among SCC in situ, 37 local failures (23 BCC, 14 SCC), 5 regional failures (all SCC) and 2 distant failures (both SCC). For BCC, the 5-year LC was 96% and the 10-year LC was 94%. For SCC the corresponding rates of local control were 92% and 87%, respectively (p = 0.03). The use of >2.0 Gy daily was significantly associated with improved LC on multivariate analysis (HR: 0.17; CI 95%: 0.05-0.59). CONCLUSION: SXRT for N-MSC of the head and neck is well tolerated, achieves excellent local control, and should continue to be recommended in the management of this disease. Fractionation schedules using >2.0 Gy daily appear to be associated with improved LC.

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BACKGROUND: Despite being recommended as a compulsory part of the school curriculum, the teaching of basic life support (BLS) has yet to be implemented in high schools in most countries. OBJECTIVES: To compare prior knowledge and degree of immediate and delayed learning between students of one public and one private high school after these students received BLS training. METHODS: Thirty students from each school initially answered a questionnaire on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of the automated external defibrillator (AED). They then received theoretical-practical BLS training, after which they were given two theory assessments: one immediately after the course and the other six months later. RESULTS: The overall success rates in the prior, immediate, and delayed assessments were significantly different between groups, with better performance shown overall by private school students than by public school students: 42% ± 14% vs. 30.2% ± 12.2%, p = 0.001; 86% ± 7.8% vs. 62.4% ± 19.6%, p < 0.001; and 65% ± 12.4% vs. 45.6% ± 16%, p < 0.001, respectively. The total odds ratio of the questions showed that the private school students performed the best on all three assessments, respectively: 1.66 (CI95% 1.26-2.18), p < 0.001; 3.56 (CI95% 2.57-4.93), p < 0.001; and 2.21 (CI95% 1.69-2.89), p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Before training, most students had insufficient knowledge about CPR and AED; after BLS training a significant immediate and delayed improvement in learning was observed in students, especially in private school students.

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Background: Despite being recommended as a compulsory part of the school curriculum, the teaching of basic life support (BLS) has yet to be implemented in high schools in most countries. Objectives: To compare prior knowledge and degree of immediate and delayed learning between students of one public and one private high school after these students received BLS training. Methods: Thirty students from each school initially answered a questionnaire on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of the automated external defibrillator (AED). They then received theoretical-practical BLS training, after which they were given two theory assessments: one immediately after the course and the other six months later. Results: The overall success rates in the prior, immediate, and delayed assessments were significantly different between groups, with better performance shown overall by private school students than by public school students: 42% ± 14% vs. 30.2% ± 12.2%, p = 0.001; 86% ± 7.8% vs. 62.4% ± 19.6%, p < 0.001; and 65% ± 12.4% vs. 45.6% ± 16%, p < 0.001, respectively. The total odds ratio of the questions showed that the private school students performed the best on all three assessments, respectively: 1.66 (CI95% 1.26-2.18), p < 0.001; 3.56 (CI95% 2.57-4.93), p < 0.001; and 2.21 (CI95% 1.69-2.89), p < 0.001. Conclusions: Before training, most students had insufficient knowledge about CPR and AED; after BLS training a significant immediate and delayed improvement in learning was observed in students, especially in private school students. .

Fundamento: Embora recomendado como parte obrigatória do currículo escolar, o ensino de suporte básico de vida (SBV) ainda não foi implementado no ensino médio na maioria dos países. Objetivo: Comparar o conhecimento prévio e o grau de aprendizado imediato e tardio entre alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública e outra privada, após capacitação em SBV. Métodos: Inicialmente, trinta alunos de cada escola responderam a um questionário sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) e o uso do desfibrilador externo automático (DEA); em seguida, receberam treinamento teórico-prático de SBV e foram reavaliados imediatamente e seis meses após o curso. Resultados: As taxas de acertos dos alunos de ambas as escolas nas avaliações prévia, imediata e tardia apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes e melhor desempenho da escola privada em relação à escola pública nas três avaliações, respectivamente, 42% ± 14% vs. 30,2% ± 12,2%, p = 0,001; 86% ± 7,8% vs. 62,4% ± 19,6%, p < 0,001 e 65% ± 12,4% vs. 45,6% ± 16%, p < 0,001. A razão de chance do total das questões mostrou um melhor rendimento da escola privada em relação à pública nas três avaliações, respectivamente: 1,66 (IC95% 1,26-2,18), p < 0,001; 3,56 (IC95% 2,57-4,93), p < 0,001 e 2,21(1,69-2,89), p < 0,001. Conclusões: Antes do treinamento, a maioria dos estudantes tinha um conhecimento insuficiente sobre RCP e DEA; após o curso de SBV, observou-se uma melhora significativa tanto imediata como tardia no aprendizado dos estudantes, notadamente para os alunos da escola privada. .

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BACKGROUND: The Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) has been used in the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function in several diseases. In patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction, the diagnostic utility of this index remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of MPI in patients with systemic hypertension, impaired LV relaxation, and normal ejection fraction. METHODS: Thirty hypertensive patients with impaired LV relaxation were compared to 30 control subjects. MPI and its components, isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), and the ejection time (ET), were measured from LV outflow and mitral inflow Doppler velocity profiles. RESULTS: MPI was higher in patients than in control subjects (0.45 +/- 0.13 vs 0.37 +/- 0.07 P < 0.0029). The increase in MPI was due to the prolongation of IRT without significant change of ICT and ET. MPI cutoff value of > or =0.40 identified impaired LV relaxation with a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 70% while an IRT >94 ms had a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 80%. Multivariate analysis identified relative wall thickness, mitral early filling wave velocity (E), and systolic myocardial velocity (Sm) as independent predictors of MPI in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: MPI was increase in patients with hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, and normal ejection fraction but was not superior to IRT to detect impaired LV relaxation.

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O folheto acessório da valva mitral é uma malformação cardíaca congênita, extremamente rara em adultos. Neste artigo, é descrito o caso de um paciente de 21 anos, do sexo masculino, com precordialgia atípica e essa malformação. O ecocardiograma transesofágico mostrou insuficiência discreta da valva aórtica e uma estrutura móvel, com morfologia semelhante a um pára-quedas, com abaulamento sistólico para a via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo, aderido ao folheto anterior da valva mitral e à parede lateral do ventrículo e sem obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the importance of symptoms as a reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases (CHD) in the newborn (NB). METHODS: Prospective study on live NB referred for cardiac evaluation, with performance of electrocardiogram, chest radiography and echocardiography. Cardiology consultation was requested by means of a multiple-choice form including signs and symptoms suggestive of CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) without clinical and/or hemodynamic consequences was not considered a heart disease. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, 358 out of 3716 NB were studied, and 49 cases of CHD and 128 of PDA were found. The prevalence of CHD was 13.2:1000 NB. The main reason for referral to the cardiologist was heart murmur in 256 (72%) NB, of which 39 (15%) had CHD, and in 91% of the 128 cases of PDA. In 14 (4%) NB, the reason for referral was cyanosis, and eight of these patients (57%) had a CHD. Heart failure was the reason for referral in 37 (10%) NB, of whom 17 (46%) had CHD. Arrhythmia, associated congenital malformations, or chromosome disorders were the reasons for referral in 14% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The main reason for referral was detection of a heart murmur on cardiac auscultation. Although cyanosis and heart failure were uncommon reasons for referral, their presence indicated a high probability of the diagnosis of heart disease. Pediatric screening plays a key role in this diagnosis.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar a importância dos sintomas, como motivo de interconsulta com o cardiologista pediátrico, no diagnóstico de cardiopatias congênitas (CC) em recém-nascidos (RN). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de RN vivos encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica, com realização de eletrocardiografia, radiografia de tórax e ecocardiografia. Solicitação de interconsulta mediante preenchimento de ficha de múltipla escolha, constando os sintomas e sinais sugestivos de CC. Persistência do canal arterial (PCA) sem repercussão clínica e/ou hemodinâmica não foi considerada cardiopatia. RESULTADOS: Entre 1999 e 2002, foram estudados 358 dentre 3.716 RN, demonstrando 49 casos de CC e 128 de PCA. A prevalência de CC foi de 13,2:1.000 RN. O principal motivo para interconsulta com o cardiologista foi sopro em 256 (72 por cento) dos RN, dentre os quais 39 (15 por cento) eram portadores de CC e 91 por cento dos 128 casos, de PCA. Em 14 (4 por cento) dos RN, o motivo de interconsulta foi cianose, dentre os quais 8 (57 por cento) eram portadores de CC. Insuficiência cardíaca foi o motivo de interconsulta em 37 (10 por cento) dos RN, dentre os quais 17 (46 por cento) eram portadores de CC. Arritmia, malformações congênitas associadas ou cromossomopatias foram os motivos de interconsulta em 14 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: O principal motivo da interconsulta foi ausculta de sopro. Apesar de cianose e insuficiência cardíaca serem pouco freqüentes como motivo de interconsulta, sua presença indicou alta probabilidade de diagnóstico de cardiopatia. A triagem pediátrica tem papel importante para o diagnóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the importance of symptoms as a reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases (CHD) in the newborn (NB). METHODS: Prospective study on live NB referred for cardiac evaluation, with performance of electrocardiogram, chest radiography and echocardiography. Cardiology consultation was requested by means of a multiple-choice form including signs and symptoms suggestive of CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) without clinical and/or hemodynamic consequences was not considered a heart disease. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, 358 out of 3716 NB were studied, and 49 cases of CHD and 128 of PDA were found. The prevalence of CHD was 13.2:1000 NB. The main reason for referral to the cardiologist was heart murmur in 256 (72 percent) NB, of which 39 (15 percent) had CHD, and in 91 percent of the 128 cases of PDA. In 14 (4 percent) NB, the reason for referral was cyanosis, and eight of these patients (57 percent) had a CHD. Heart failure was the reason for referral in 37 (10 percent) NB, of whom 17 (46 percent) had CHD. Arrhythmia, associated congenital malformations, or chromosome disorders were the reasons for referral in 14 percent of the cases. CONCLUSION: The main reason for referral was detection of a heart murmur on cardiac auscultation. Although cyanosis and heart failure were uncommon reasons for referral, their presence indicated a high probability of the diagnosis of heart disease. Pediatric screening plays a key role in this diagnosis.

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Objetivo: Descrever o padrão da velocidade de fluxo da aorta abdominal em crianças com coarctação da aorta(CoAo). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo dos segmentos torácicos e abdominal da aorta em crianças com CoAo, comparadas com um grupo controle de crianças normais. Foram analisados o padrão de velocidade de fluxo e a velocidade máxima do fluxo sistólico da aorta abdominal ao Doppler pulsátil, e o gradiente de pressão máximo através da coarctação pelo Doppler contínuo. Resultados: Dez pacientes com coarctação da aorta e idade média de 5,1 mais ou menos 2,7 anos foram incluídos. A média do gradiente de pressão sistólico máximo dos pacientes foi de 60,2 mais ou menos 12,5 mmHg e de 4,9 mais ou menos 1,0 mmHg (p menor 0,0001) no grupo controle. Os pacientes com diagnóstico de CoAo apresentavam componente diastólico anterógrado evidente na aorta torácica, e na aorta abdominal, fluxo sanguíneo contínuo anterógrado turbulento, com predomínio sistólico de baixa amplitude, sem retorno à linha de base do traçado durante a diástole. Nas crianças do grupo controle, o fluxo sempre foi laminar, similar ao observado na aorta torácica, com onda sistólica anterógrada dominante, com nítido delineamento do consumo do contorno e com discreto componente diastólico antérogrado de baixa amplitude. A média das velocidades aobservadas na aorta abdominal foi de 0,35 mais ou menos 0,1 m/s no grupo de estudo e de 1,1 mais ou menos 0,1 m/s no grupo controle (p menor 0,0001). Em quatro crianças, após tratamento da doença, houve normalização do fluxo na aorta abdominal. Conclusão: O fluxo da aorta abdominal em crianças com corctação aórtica apresenta alterações importantes e pode alertar para a presença desta malformação.

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