RESUMO
The presence of green areas in urbanized cities is crucial to reduce the negative impacts of urbanization. However, these areas can influence the signal quality of IoT devices that use wireless communication, such as LoRa technology. Vegetation attenuates electromagnetic waves, interfering with the data transmission between IoT devices, resulting in the need for signal propagation modeling, which considers the effect of vegetation on its propagation. In this context, this research was conducted at the Federal University of Pará, using measurements in a wooded environment composed of the Pau-Mulato species, typical of the Amazon. Two machine learning-based propagation models, GRNN and MLPNN, were developed to consider the effect of Amazonian trees on propagation, analyzing different factors, such as the transmitter's height relative to the trunk, the beginning of foliage, and the middle of the tree canopy, as well as the LoRa spreading factor (SF) 12, and the co-polarization of the transmitter and receiver antennas. The proposed models demonstrated higher accuracy, achieving values of root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.86 dB and standard deviation (SD) of 3.8614 dB, respectively, compared to existing empirical models like CI, FI, Early ITU-R, COST235, Weissberger, and FITU-R. The significance of this study lies in its potential to boost wireless communications in wooded environments. Furthermore, this research contributes to enhancing more efficient and robust LoRa networks for applications in agriculture, environmental monitoring, and smart urban infrastructure.
RESUMO
The nervous system is one of the first systems to be affected during sepsis. Sepsis not only has a high risk of mortality, but could also lead to cerebral dysfunction and cognitive impairment in long-term survival patients. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can interact with several ligands, and its activation triggers a series of cell signaling events, resulting in the hyperinflammatory condition related to sepsis. Recent studies show that elevated levels of S100B (RAGE ligand) are associated with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. They also participate in inflammatory brain diseases and may lead to an increased activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to neuronal death. This study aimed to determine the effect of S100B inhibition on the neuroinflammatory response in sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). There were three groups: Sham, CLP, and CLP +10 µg/kg of monoclonal antibody (Anti-S100B) administered intracerebroventricularly. The animals were killed 30 days after sepsis following behavioral evaluation by open field, novel object recognition, and splash test. The hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amydgala were used for the determination of S100B and RAGE proteins by western blotting and for the evaluation of cytokine levels and verification of the number of microglial cells by immunohistochemistry. On day 30, both the Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups were capable of recovering the habitual memory in the open field task. Regarding novel object recognition, Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups increased the recognition index during the test session in comparison to the training session. There was a significant increase in the time of grooming in CLP + anti-S100B in comparison to the CLP group. There was a modulation of cytokine levels and immunohistochemistry showed that the CLP + anti-S100B group had a decrease in the number of microglial cells only in the hippocampus. These results helped to understand the role of S100B protein in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and could be helpful to further experimental studies regarding this subject.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Subunidade beta da Proteína Ligante de Cálcio S100/metabolismo , Sepse/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Subunidade beta da Proteína Ligante de Cálcio S100/antagonistas & inibidores , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/psicologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of victims of cardiac arrest assisted using a nontransporting emergency medical service vehicle and to determine whether these patients met the criteria for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. METHODS: This study employed a retrospective, cohort, descriptive, and exploratory design. Data were collected in January 2018 in northern Portugal by consulting the records of nontransporting emergency medical service vehicles that provided assistance between 2012 and 2016. An observation grid was prepared that was supported by the instrument used for collecting data from the national registry of out-ofhospital cardiac arrests. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 36 victims. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could have been applied to 24 victims during the period analyzed, which might have increased the odds for transplantation, survival, or both, for either the victim or other individuals. CONCLUSION: Nontransporting emergency medical service vehicles have the potential for inclusion in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation network of the study area.
OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas assistidas pela Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação em paragem cardiorrespiratória e refletir se tinham critérios para utilizar a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, de coorte, descritivo e exploratório. A colheita de dados foi efetuada durante o mês de janeiro de 2018, na região Norte de Portugal, por meio da consulta à base de registos da Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação sobre assistências prestadas no período de 2012 a 2016. Foi elaborada uma grelha de observação suportada pelo instrumento utilizado para a colheita de dados do registo nacional de paragem cardiorrespiratória pré-hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Após aplicar critérios de inclusão, a amostra foi composta por 36 vítimas. Verificou-se que a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea poderia ter sido aplicada a 24 vítimas no período balizado da colheita de dados, o que resultaria em várias possibilidades de transplantação e/ou sobrevivência, quer da própria vítima quer de outras vidas. CONCLUSÃO: A Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação tem potencial para ser incluída na rede oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea da área em estudo.
Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Tratamento de Emergência , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas assistidas pela Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação em paragem cardiorrespiratória e refletir se tinham critérios para utilizar a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de coorte, descritivo e exploratório. A colheita de dados foi efetuada durante o mês de janeiro de 2018, na região Norte de Portugal, por meio da consulta à base de registos da Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação sobre assistências prestadas no período de 2012 a 2016. Foi elaborada uma grelha de observação suportada pelo instrumento utilizado para a colheita de dados do registo nacional de paragem cardiorrespiratória pré-hospitalar. Resultados: Após aplicar critérios de inclusão, a amostra foi composta por 36 vítimas. Verificou-se que a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea poderia ter sido aplicada a 24 vítimas no período balizado da colheita de dados, o que resultaria em várias possibilidades de transplantação e/ou sobrevivência, quer da própria vítima quer de outras vidas. Conclusão: A Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação tem potencial para ser incluída na rede oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea da área em estudo.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of victims of cardiac arrest assisted using a nontransporting emergency medical service vehicle and to determine whether these patients met the criteria for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Methods: This study employed a retrospective, cohort, descriptive, and exploratory design. Data were collected in January 2018 in northern Portugal by consulting the records of nontransporting emergency medical service vehicles that provided assistance between 2012 and 2016. An observation grid was prepared that was supported by the instrument used for collecting data from the national registry of out-ofhospital cardiac arrests. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 36 victims. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could have been applied to 24 victims during the period analyzed, which might have increased the odds for transplantation, survival, or both, for either the victim or other individuals. Conclusion: Nontransporting emergency medical service vehicles have the potential for inclusion in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation network of the study area.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Tratamento de Emergência , Parada Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objective: Based on the comparison of clinical markers, serologic and virologic of HIV infection, show its usefulness in early diagnosis and its ability to predict the progression of immunodeficiency. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with patients of public service with reference on HIV/AIDS (n=154). The study involved the analysis of recorded data in the medical records. Results: The study identified that most of the patients were male, single, heterosexual, with a mean age of 38 years and predominance of the white race. 123 subjects (79.8%) presented to the first consultation on the CTA with clinical signs, and most of them had laboratory evidence of immunosuppression - 54 (35.0%) patients had linfometria between 0-200 mm³ and 36 (23.3%) had a score above 30,000/mm³ viral copies. Conclusion: Early diagnosis based on clinical, in linfometria and viral load can facilitate the definition of AIDS installation. In the installed infections, preventing the immune deterioration and opportunistic infections, improves the prognosis and quality of life for living with the disease. (AU)
Objetivo: Com base na comparação de marcadores clínicos, sorológicos e virológicos da infecção por HIV, mostrar sua utilidade no diagnóstico precoce e sua capacidade de prever a progressão da imunodeficiência. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal com pacientes de serviço público com referência em HIV/AIDS (n=154). O estudo envolveu a análise de dados registrados nos prontuários médicos. Resultados: O estudo identificou que a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, solteiro, heterossexual, com idade média de 38 anos e predominância da raça branca. 123 indivíduos (79,8%) apresentaram à primeira consulta no CTA com sinais clínicos, e a maioria deles apresentou evidência laboratorial de imunossupressão - 54 (35,0%) pacientes apresentaram linfometria entre 0-200 mm³ e 36 (23, 3%) tiveram uma pontuação acima de 30.000/mm³ de cópias virais. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce baseado em clínica, linfometria e carga viral pode facilitar a definição de instalação de AIDS. Nas infecções instaladas, prevenindo a deterioração imune e as infecções oportunistas, melhora o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida para viver com a doença. (AU)