RESUMO

Cyclophosphamide (CP or CTX) is a widely used antineoplastic agent, and the evaluation of its efficacy and its impacts on the environment are dependent on tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) techniques. Because there is no dedicated experimental study to characterize the actual molecular nature of the CP fragments upon collision-induced dissociation, this work evaluated the chemical structure of the fragments of protonated and sodiated CP and CP protonation sites by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy supported by density functional theory calculations. This study allowed us to propose a new fragment structure and confirm the nature of multiple fragments, including those relevant for transitions used for CP quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results also show that there is no spectroscopic evidence that can rule out the existence of aziridinium fragments, making it clear that further studies on the nature of iminium/aziridinium fragments in the gas phase are necessary.

RESUMO

The Neotropical Dryopidae genus Platyparnus Shepard and Barr, 2018 was recently established based on three species originally described in Helichus Erichson, 1847: Platyparnus bollowi (Hinton, 1939), Platyparnus frater (Hinton, 1939) and Platyparnus gibbicollis (Hinton, 1939). Until now, the genus and its species have been reported solely in the Guiana Shield area (in French Guiana and Guyana). Based on the examination of material from several localities in Brazil, we report Platyparnus for the first time in the country and describe two new species based on males and females: Platyparnus beatriceae sp. nov. and Platyparnus glaucoi sp. nov. We also propose an amendment to the original diagnosis of Platyparnus, present an updated key to the species, and provide new records for P. frater. Since the new species described here and P. frater were found to occur below the Equator and far south the Amazon River, the geographic distribution of the genus is extended to outside the Guiana Shield.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O gênero Stenhelmoides compreende 15 espécies espalhadas por toda a América Central e do Sul e sua maior riqueza de espécies está claramente relacionada às regiões amazônicas. Com base no estudo de espécimes-tipo e material adicional, nós descrevemos e ilustramos a genitália verdadeira do macho de Stenhelmoides strictifrons, que, até então, estava representada de maneira equivocada na literatura. Nós também reportamos novos registros de Stenhelmoides para o Brasil e Guiana. Além de imagens do habitus das espécies, fornecemos fotografias dos espécimes-tipo de Stenhelmoides grandis, S. grouvellei, S. guyanensis; S. strictifrons e S. submaculus. De acordo com as regras e recomendações do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, reconhecemos paralectótipos adicionais das espécies S. guyanensis e S. grouvellei. (AU)

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RESUMO

Elmidae is one of the most diverse families of aquatic beetles, with more than 1500 species in 151 genera. The Neotropical genus Portelmis formerly comprised five species known from Central and northern South America, divided into two species groups. Three new Brazilian species from the nevermanni group are described and illustrated here: Portelmis vanini sp. nov., Portelmis krolowi sp. nov. and Portelmis fusariae sp. nov. New species records for the North, Central-West and Southeast of Brazil are presented. We also provide first SEM images and an updated key for Portelmis species.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Stenhelmoides comprises 15 species spread over all Central and South America and its greatest species richness is clearly associated with Amazonian regions. Based on examination of type specimens and additional material, we describe and illustrate the true male genitalia of Stenhelmoides strictifrons, which had until now been incorrectly illustrated in the literature. We also report new records of the genus Stenhelmoides from Brazil and Guyana. In addition to pictures of the species habitus, we provide pictures of the type specimens of Stenhelmoides grandis, S. grouvellei, S. guyanensis; S. strictifrons and S. submaculus. Based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we recognize additional paralectotypes for S. guyanensis and for S. grouvellei(AU)

O gênero Stenhelmoides compreende 15 espécies espalhadas por toda a América Central e do Sul e sua maior riqueza de espécies está claramente relacionada às regiões amazônicas. Com base no estudo de espécimes-tipo e material adicional, nós descrevemos e ilustramos a genitália verdadeira do macho de Stenhelmoides strictifrons, que, até então, estava representada de maneira equivocada na literatura. Nós também reportamos novos registros de Stenhelmoides para o Brasil e Guiana. Além de imagens do habitus das espécies, fornecemos fotografias dos espécimes-tipo de Stenhelmoides grandis, S. grouvellei, S. guyanensis; S. strictifrons e S. submaculus. De acordo com as regras e recomendações do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, reconhecemos paralectótipos adicionais das espécies S. guyanensis e S. grouvellei(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A taxonomic key for the genera of Elmidae (Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea) occurring in Goiás State, Brazil, including new records and distributional notes. Despite their great diversity and high abundance in Neotropical aquatic environments, the fauna of Elmidae remains practically unknown in some areas and even entire biomes in this region. In this work we bring, for the first time, faunistic data for the Elmidae of central Brazil. The aim of this work was to inventory the Elmidae fauna in central, southwestern and southeastern Goiás State, Brazil and to produce a taxonomic key, at genus level, for adults from the studied region. The taxonomic key presented herein offers means for the identification of all the 13 genera known to occur in Goiás, 11 of them being new records for the State. Moreover, the number of named species registered for Goiás increased from one to nine.