Assuntos
Proteína ADAMTS13/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/genética , Nefropatias/genética , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Recent studies have shown an association between thrombosis and factor VII (FVII), tissue factor (TF), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This suggests that individuals with FVII-402 G/A, FVII-401 G/T, TF+5466 A/G, and ACE-287 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms present an increased risk of venous thrombosis, heart disease, and ischemic stroke compared with controls. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of these polymorphisms and their association with arterial and venous thrombosis. For the FVII-402 G/A polymorphism, there were 57.3% heterozygote (HT) genotypes and 8.3% homozygote (HM) genotypes in the patients, and 45.2% HT genotypes and 15.4% HM genotypes in the controls. For the FVII-401 G/T polymorphism, there were 37.5% HT genotypes and 3.1% HM genotypes in the patients, and 32.7% HT genotypes and 4.8% HM genotypes in the controls. The polymorphism TF+5466 A/G was not found in any of the samples analyzed. For the ACE-287 I/D polymorphism, there were 43 (40.6%) HT genotypes and 63 (59.4%) HM genotypes in the controls and 28 (45.2%) HT genotypes and 34 (54.8%) HM genotypes in the patients. No significant difference was observed by comparing patients and controls. In this study, no association was found between the presence of the evaluated polymorphisms and the occurrence of thrombotic events.
Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Trombose/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Fator VII/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de Risco , Tromboplastina/genética , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of Portland cement associated with different radio pacifying agents on pulp treatment of human primary teeth by clinical and radiographic exams and microscopic analysis. Thirty mandibular primary molars were randomly divided into the following groups: Group I - Portland cement; Group II - Portland cement with iodoform (Portland cement + CHI3 ); Group III - Portland cement with zirconium oxide (Portland cement + ZrO2 ); and treated by pulpotomy technique (removal of a portion of the pulp aiming to maintain the vitally of the remaining radicular pulp tissue using a therapeutic dressing). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis. Data were tested using statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%. The microscopic findings were descriptively analysed. All treated teeth were clinically and radiographically successful at follow-up appointments. The microscopic analysis revealed positive response to pulp repair with hard tissue barrier formation and pulp calcification in the remaining roots of all available teeth. The findings of this study suggest that primary teeth pulp tissue exhibited satisfactory biological response to Portland cement associated with radio pacifying agents. However, further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to determine the safe clinical indication of this alternative material for pulp therapy of primary teeth.
Assuntos
Cimentos Dentários/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulpotomia/métodos , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologia , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , RadiografiaRESUMO
AIMS: The polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis and its complications. METHODS: We investigated in 102 T2D patients the association of the cytokine polymorphisms in the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and IFN-γ genes with the T2D microvascular complications and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity). Cytokine genotypes were determined by PCR using Cytokine Genotyping Tray kit. RESULTS: Diabetic retinopathy was associated with GG genotype and G allele in TGF-ß1 codon 25C/G polymorphism (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018) and the nephropathy was associated the lower frequency of GG genotype in IL-10 -1082G/A polymorphism (p = 0.049). Hypertension was associated with the CC genotype and C allele for IL-10 -592C/A polymorphism (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009) and higher frequencies of T (p = 0.047) and C (p = 0.033) alleles of the TGF-ß1 codon 10T/C and IL-10 -819T/C polymorphisms, respectively. The TGF-ß1 codon 10T/C polymorphism was associated with the BMI groups (p = 0.026): the CC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI < 25 Kg/m(2), while the TC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI = 30 Kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that TGF-ß1 and IL-10 polymorphisms are involved in complications and comorbidities in T2D patients.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Interferon gama/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Idoso , Alelos , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
AIM: This was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Portland cement (PC) added to radiopacifying agents in primary molar pulpotomies. METHODS: Thirty primary mandibular molars of children aged between 5 and 9 years were randomly assigned to the following groups: PC; PC with iodoform (PC + CHI(3)); PC with zirconium oxide (PC + ZrO(2)) and treated by pulpotomy technique. Clinical and radiographic follow-up assessments were performed at 6, 12 and 24 months. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The clinical and radiographic evaluations showed 100 % success rates, and the results showed no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, PC added to radiopacifying agents exhibited satisfactory clinical and radiographic results in primary molar pulpotomies.
Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/química , Cimentos Dentários/uso terapêutico , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Agentes de Capeamento da Polpa Dentária e Pulpectomia/uso terapêutico , Pulpotomia/métodos , Dente Decíduo/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Cimentos Dentários/química , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos Iodados/química , Masculino , Metilmetacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Agentes de Capeamento da Polpa Dentária e Pulpectomia/química , Pulpotomia/instrumentação , Radiografia Interproximal , Cimentos de Resina/uso terapêutico , Silicatos/química , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/uso terapêutico , Zircônio/químicaRESUMO
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of subfertility associated to metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to correlate metabolic and proinflammatory factors in women with PCOS. The frequency of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter 4 G/5 G polymorphism was also compared to healthy controls. We evaluated 79 PCOS and 79 healthy women. PAI-1 levels are positively correlated with proinflammatory factors in PCOS group. 4 G allele in PAI-1 gene was more frequent in PCOS and the 4G/4 G genotype was associated with increased PAI-1 levels. A correlation between insulin resistance and proinflammatory and overweight was also observed. C-reactive protein, serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and vitamin D are good tools to evaluated factors associated to cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We investigated the relative frequencies of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma sp. in cervical samples. PCR analyses were performed in ectocervical and endocervical samples from 224 patients attending public health services in Belo Horizonte and Contagem, Minas Gerais Brazil. A high prevalence of colonisation of the cervix (6.3% for C. trachomatis, 4.0% for N. gonorrhoeae, 0.9% for M. genitalium, 21.9% for M. hominis, 38.4% for Ureaplasma sp.) was demonstrated not only for pathogens classically associated to cervicitis (C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae), but also for M. hominis and Ureaplasma sp. These findings may be useful to guide more adequate diagnosis to interrupt transmission and to avoid negative impacts on the female reproductive tract.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Mycoplasma genitalium/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma hominis/isolamento & purificação , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Ureaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil , Colo do Útero/patologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Mycoplasma genitalium/genética , Mycoplasma hominis/genética , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Neutrófilos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ureaplasma/genética , Infecções por Ureaplasma/microbiologia , Infecções por Ureaplasma/patologia , Cervicite Uterina/microbiologiaRESUMO
Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) play important roles in the metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides. The aim of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic distributions of the APOA5-1131T>C (rs 662799) and the APOE HhaI polymorphisms and to identify the association of both individual and combined APOA5-APOE genetic variants and the risk for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. We genotyped 53 dyslipidemic and 77 normolipidemic individuals. The total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were determined enzymatically. For APOA5 polymorphism, the presence of the allele C confers an individual risk for dyslipidemia (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.15-4.89; P = 0.018). No significant differences were observed for lipid parameters among the APOA5 groups, except for a higher value of HDLc (P = 0.024) in C-carriers. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of APOE polymorphism were similar between groups and did not increase the susceptibility for dyslipidemia. None of the combined APOA5-APOE polymorphisms increased risk for dyslipidemia. We demonstrated an association between APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. This finding may be useful to guide new studies with genetic markers down a path toward a better characterization of the genetic risk factors for dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic diseases.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas A/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Dislipidemias/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adolescente , Apolipoproteína A-V , Criança , Demografia , Dislipidemias/sangue , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TNFa-e microsatellites and the promoter region (TNF-308 and TNF-238) in HIV/AIDS-infected patients presenting or not lipodystrophy syndrome (LS). The design is the genetic case-control association study. Microsatellite and the TNF promoter region polymorphisms were amplified by PCR and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotypes and allele frequencies for 67 HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy were compared with 50 HIV-positive patients with no evidence of lipodystrophy and with 131 healthy HIV-negative individuals. The presence of the TNFa5 allele could provide HIV/AIDS patients with protection against developing LS. The presence of TNF-308G allele, as well as of its homozygote TNF-308GG, were associated with susceptibility to developing LS. In addition, the presence of the haplotype TNFe3-d3-238G-308A-c1-a5-b7 suggests protection against developing that syndrome. This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with LS development in HIV/AIDS patients.
Assuntos
Alelos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Brasil , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV/etiologia , Haplótipos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polymorphism of apoE is also one of the most important genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD). The allelic variation in the apoE gene has a significant effect on inter-individual variation of lipids and lipoprotein plasma levels as well. This study investigated whether apoE polymorphism affects the plasma levels of apoE and the possible association to CAD extent and cognitive functions. METHODS: Plasma apoE levels and apoE genotypes were evaluated of subjects with normal coronary arteries, and individuals with angiographycally confirmed mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis. The cognitive performance of the volunteers was also measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Out of the 6 expected genotypes, only 5 were detected in participants: E3/3 (56.0%), E3/4 (23.6%), E4/4 (8.2%), E2/4 (3.3%), E2/3 (8.9%). The ε3 allele (72%) was the most frequent, followed by ε4 (22%) and ε2 (6%). No difference was found in plasma levels of either apoE or in apoE genotype frequencies among the groups, however MMSE scores of CAD patients irrespective of their atheromatosis extent were significantly lower than that seen in the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: Although neither apoE plasma levels, nor apoE polymorphism in patients presenting with mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis showed to be associated with CAD severity, the presence of atheromatosis in the heart vessels positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Placa Aterosclerótica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Apolipoproteína E4/sangue , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Transtornos Cognitivos/sangue , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangue , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologiaRESUMO
Cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy syndrome (LS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -607(C/A) and -137(C/G) in the promoter region of the interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene and at position +874(T/A) of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene are related to the expression of these cytokines. To examine whether IL-18 and IFN-gamma polymorphisms are associated with LS, these SNPs were genotyped in 88 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients presenting LS, 79 HIV-infected without LS, and 133 healthy controls. The -607A allele, -607AA genotype, and -137G/-607A and -137C/-607A haplotypes in the IL-18 gene were over-represented in HIV patients presenting LS. The -137G/-607C haplotype was associated with protection against LS. These results indicate that the -607(C/A) SNP is associated with LS development in HIV-infected patients.
Assuntos
HIV-1 , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV/genética , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV/imunologia , Interferon gama/genética , Interleucina-18/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV/etiologia , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Hereditary hemochromatosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases; it is characterized by excess absorption of iron. Clinically, the major challenge is to diagnose increased iron deposition before irreversible tissue damage has occurred. C282Y and H63D are the main mutations related to hereditary hemochromatosis; these mutations have been reported to be associated with increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). We investigated whether these mutations are associated with increased risk for the development of DM2 in women in Brazil. Seventy-two women with clinical diagnosis of DM2 under treatment with hypoglycemic agents and a control group composed of 72 women with no clinical history of diabetes were studied. The C282Y and H63D mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP. Significant differences were not observed for C282Y and H63D, when we compared diabetic and non-diabetic women. We suggest that mutations C282Y and H63D in the HFE gene are not significant risk factors for the development of DM2 in Brazilian women.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutação , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) or Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome (BSCL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a nearly-complete absence of adipose tissue from birth and severe metabolic alterations. The 669insA mutation in exon 4 of the BSCL2 gene was identified as the major genetic alteration leading to BSCL in a group of 22 patients from the northeastern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Aiming to investigate the causes of the high frequency of BSCL in this region, a molecular genetic study was conducted using eight microsatelite markers located in chromosome 11. Additional investigations concerning the proportion of expected homozygous and heterozygous individuals, genetic diversity, fixation index and coefficient of endogamy were undertaken, and indicated significant differences by comparing the allelic and haplotypic frequencies observed for the BSCL affected families and the control group. It was concluded that a founder effect, genetic drift and consanguineous marriages have significantly affected the structure of this population, resulting in the highest frequency of BSCL in Brazil.
Assuntos
Efeito Fundador , Subunidades gama da Proteína de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Lipodistrofia Generalizada Congênita/genética , Mutação , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Cromossomos Humanos Par 11/genética , Consanguinidade , Éxons , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genes Recessivos , Deriva Genética , Haplótipos , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , LinhagemRESUMO
A comparative analysis of the distribution of tubulin types in apyrene and eupyrene sperm of Euptoieta hegesia butterflies was carried out, also verifying the presence of tubulin in lacinate appendages of the eupyrene sperm. Ultrathin sections of LR White embedded spermatids and spermatozoa were labeled for alpha, beta, gamma, alpha-acetylated and alpha-tyrosinated tubulins. Apyrene and eupyrene spermatids show the same antibody recognition pattern for tubulins. All tubulin types were detected in axonemal microtubules. Alpha and gamma tubulins were also detected on the cytoplasmic microtubules. However, for beta and tyrosinated tubulins only scattered labeling was detected on cytoplasmic microtubules and acetylated tubulin was not detected. In apyrene and eupyrene spermatozoa only the axoneme labeling was analyzed since cytoplasmic microtubules no longer exist in these cells. Alpha, beta and tyrosinated tubulins were easily detected on the apyrene and eupyrene axoneme; gamma tubulin was strongly marked on eupyrene axonemes but was scattered on the apyrene ones. Acetylated tubulin appeared with scattered labeling on the axoneme of both sperm types. Our results demonstrate significant differences in tubulin distribution in apyrene and eupyrene axonemal and cytoplasmic microtubules. Extracellular structures, especially the lacinate appendages, were not labeled by antibodies for any tubulin.
Assuntos
Borboletas/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Espermátides/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Animais , Borboletas/citologia , Borboletas/ultraestrutura , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Microtúbulos/ultraestrutura , Espermátides/citologia , Espermátides/ultraestrutura , Espermatozoides/citologia , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Tubulina (Proteína)/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) syndrome is characterized by a near-total congenital absence of fat and predisposition to develop diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that 22 patients from 16 consanguineous pedigrees living in the northeastern region of Brazil had a homozygous 669insA mutation in the Seipin gene (BSCL2 locus), while all of the 10 investigated subjects from the southeastern region were homozygous for a 1036 bp deletion in the AGPAT2 gene (BSCL1 locus). In this study, we compared the serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA), leptin, triglyceride and fasting glucose levels in individuals of these two genetically distinct clusters of BSCL subjects. The onset of diabetes was also estimated. The fasting glucose and triglyceride levels were not significantly different in these groups. Significant differences were detected for leptin, insulin and insulin resistance. BSCL1 patients presented lower serum leptin levels compared to BSCL2 patients. BSCL2 subjects had earlier onset of diabetes and higher insulin levels. In agreement, BSCL2 patients were more insulin resistant, as detected by HOMA. These results indicate phenotypic heterogeneity between BSCL1 and BSCL2 Brazilian subjects.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Lipoatrófica/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Lipoatrófica/genética , Subunidades gama da Proteína de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Brasil , Criança , Consanguinidade , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Homozigoto , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , Mutação , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Síndrome , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The progression of immunosuppression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ women has been correlated with elevated incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), probably indicating the role of local immune milieu. In this study, we analysed S100, and HLA class II molecule expression in cervical biopsies according to HIV status, to the severity of SIL and to human papillomavirus (HPV) type. METHODS: Biopsies from 34 HIV+ and 44 HIV- patients with normal cervix or low- or high-grade SIL were studied. Langerhans' cells (LC) (S100), HLA class II and HLA-DQ molecules were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. HPV detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For statistical analysis Mann-Whitney (P< or =0.05) and Spearman test were used. RESULTS: Epithelial S100 and HLA class II density were significantly increased with the severity of lesion (P=0.032; P=0.005). Epithelial S100+ increased in HPV+ (P=0.038), and HLA class II density decreased in HPV 16+ (P=0.035) or 18+ (P<0.0001) samples. HIV infection was associated with increased stromal S100+ (P=0.0005) and decreased HLA class II densities (P=0.0001). Decreased stromal S100+ was observed in women with CD4<500 cells/microl (P=0.050). Among HIV+ patients with SIL, the lowest S100 and epithelial HLA class II densities were detected in women with CD4<200 cells/microl (P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: After the establishment of AIDS, increased numbers of immature LCs and a reduction in HLA class II occurred, possibly turning the cervical milieu more favourable to HPV persistence. HPV 16 and 18 infections may interfere with the antigen presenting activity, possibly as an evasion mechanism.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/análise , Células de Langerhans/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/imunologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto , Contagem de Células , Colo do Útero/patologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Antígenos HLA-DP/análise , Antígenos HLA-DQ/análise , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Proteínas S100/análise , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
To evaluate the expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DR and DQ) molecules on lymphomononuclear cells involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, we studied 20 patients and 20 controls matched to patients for age, sex and HLA class II profile. The coexpression of HLA and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD14 molecules was evaluated by flow cytometry. HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles were assigned using amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific primers. The fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR and -DQ molecules observed on the surface of the lymphomononuclear cells of patients did not differ significantly from controls. Patients presented decreased percentage of double-positive CD4(+)/DQ(+) cells and increased percentage of CD19(+)/DR(+) cells, irrespective of the HLA class II profile; however, the more dramatic alteration of the lymphomononuclear phenotype profile was observed for patients possessing the HLA-DQB1*0201 allele. These patients exhibited decreased percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD19(+) and CD14(+) cells bearing HLA-DQ molecules and decreased fluorescence intensity for HLA-DQ molecules on CD19(+) cells compared to patients without the DQB1*0201 allele. Although type 1 diabetes patients shared CD4/DQ or CD19/DR phenotype abnormalities, patients typed as DQB1*0201 presented additional abnormalities in terms of DQ expression and cell phenotypes bearing DQ molecules.
Assuntos
Alelos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD19 , Complexo CD3/imunologia , Antígenos CD8/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Antígenos HLA-DQ/biossíntese , Antígenos HLA-DQ/imunologia , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Antígenos HLA-DR/biossíntese , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/imunologia , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Haplótipos , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Lactente , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologiaRESUMO
The sperm ultrastructure of Bufo schineideri and B. granulosus consists of entwined seminiferous tubules formed by groups of germ cells and Sertoli cells. The spermatozoa of B. schineideri and B. granulosus measure about 66.7 microm and 85.4 microm in length, respectively. The head measures approximately 24.8 microm in B. schineideri and 17.7 microm in B. granulosus and consists of a single vesicle acrosomal, subacrosomal cone and nucleus. The midpiece measures approximately 3.8 microm in B. schineideri and 2.5 microm in B. granulosus and presents a mitochondrial collar around the tail. The tail consists of a typical axoneme, 9 + 2 microtubules, paraxonemal rod, axial sheath and axial fiber. The axial fiber extends through an electrondense structure that supports the undulating membrane. The structure and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the species here described are similar to the majority of sperm found in the other bufonids and may be a contribution for future phylogenetic analysis.
Assuntos
Bufonidae/anatomia & histologia , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Testículo/ultraestrutura , Acrossomo/ultraestrutura , Animais , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Mitocôndrias/ultraestruturaRESUMO
HLA class II profile was evaluated in 64 Brazilian patients presenting with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although the Brazilian population is highly miscegenated, HLA-DRB1*301, DRB1*04, DQB1*0302, and DQB1*0201 alleles, which are associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in several Western populations, were also overrepresented in Brazilian patients. In addition to HLA-DRB1*15 and DQB1*0602 alleles, DRB1*11, DRB1*13, and DQA1*01 allele groups were associated with protection against the development of type 1 diabetes in Brazilian patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Criança , Variação Genética , Cadeias alfa de HLA-DQ , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The ultrastructural detection of calcium using pyroantimonate, and the immunocytochemical localization of calmodulin using monoclonal antibody were carried out during the spermiogenesis of phytophagous bugs. The presence of calcium was observed on the Golgi apparatus during the initial phases of spermiogenesis. In the other stages the calcium was observed in association with the nucleus and in some regions of acrosome. Indeed, it was detected surrounding the mitochondrial derivatives and specific axonemal microtubules on the tail region. The immunocytochemical detection of calmodulin showed the presence of this protein approximately in the same regions where the calcium was detected, indicating that calcium and calmodulin could work together during spermiogenesis of this phytophagous bugs, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of flagellar beating, nuclear compactation and acrosome formation.