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PURPOSE: Our aim was to describe the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) detected following increased education about pharmacovigilance and drug toxicity in children in Camagüey Province, Cuba. METHODS: Over a period of 24 months (January 2009 to December 2010), all reports of suspected ADRs in children to the Provincial Pharmacovigilance Centre in Camagüey Province were analysed. ADRs were classified in relation to causality and severity. RESULTS: There were 533 reports involving suspected ADRs in children in the period. Almost one third of the reports received were classified as moderate (155, 29%) or severe (10, 2%). There was one fatality in association with the use of ceftriaxone. Vaccines and antibiotics were responsible for most of the ADR reports (392, 74%) and for all ten severe ADRs. After an intensive educational package, both within the community and the Children's Hospital, the number of reports increased from 124 in 2008 to 161 in 2009 and 372 in 2010. This was equivalent to a reporting rate of 879 and 2,031 reports per million children per year for 2009 and 2010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ADRs in children Camagüey Province, Cuba, is greater than previously reported. An educational intervention about pharmacovigilance and drug toxicity in children can improve the reporting of ADRs.

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Objective To determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children in Camagüey Province, Cuba. Methods A national pharmacovigilance programme has been established in Cuba and involves suspected ADRs being reported to provinces. All suspected ADRs reported to Camagüey Province during 2008 were analysed and classified in relation to causality and severity. Results Over a 12-month period, there were 124 reports of 152 suspected ADRs in children. Most ADRs were mild (98, 79 por ciento), but two were fatal and five others were severe. Antibiotics were the group of medicines most likely to be associated with ADRs. The overall report rate of suspected ADRs was 634 per million children per year, which is considerably higher than previously reported rates. Conclusions ADRs in children are more frequent than previously reported. A successful pharmacovigilance programme can be established in lower middle income countries(AU)

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) en los niños en la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Métodos Se realizó un programa de farmacovigilancia nacionales se ha establecido en Cuba y consiste en sospecha de reacciones adversas que se informa a las provincias. Todos los ADR sospechosos notificados a la provincia de Camagüey durante el año 2008 fueron analizados y clasificados en relación a la causalidad y la gravedad. Resultados Durante un período de 12 meses, había 124 informes de reacciones adversas de 152 sospechosos en los niños. La mayoría de las RAM fueron leves (98, 79 percent), pero dos de ellos mortales y otros cinco fueron graves. Los antibióticos fueron el grupo de medicamentos más probable que esté asociado a la ADR. El tipo de informe general de las ADR se sospecha fue 634 por cada millón de niños al año, que es considerablemente más alta que la publicada tarifas. Conclusiones ADR en los niños son más frecuentes que lo reportado anteriormente. Un programa de farmacovigilancia éxito se puede establecer en los países de ingreso medio(AU)

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To compare the bronchodilator effects of high-dose inhaled furosemide, we studied 80 patients who were nonsmokers presenting some degree of bronchial obstruction. Of these patients, 40 were given salbutamol (1%) aerosol and the remaining 40 were given furosemide aerosol (100 mg). Respiratory functional tests were conducted at 10 min and 30 min, as well as measurement of pulse and blood pressure. Patients in the salbutamol group showed an improvement in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 7.9% at 10 min and 30 min, and the group given furosemide improved 6.9% (p > 0.05). Systolic blood pressure showed a slight increase of 2 mmHg in the salbutamol group and a decrease of 6 mmHg in the furosemide group (p < 0.05). The same occurred for diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Pulse increased from 73.7 to 75.2 beats per min in the salbutamol group; however, in the furosemide group, pulse declined from 73.7 to 71.8 beats per min (p < 0.05). We conclude that furosemide at a dose of 100 mg has the same bronchodilator effect as salbutamol, as measured by FEV1 and forced expiratory flow of 25% to 75%. Furosemide was also related with a mild hypotensive effect and drop in pulse.

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Se realiza una revision actualizada de algunos metodos anticonceptivos, que se utilizan actualmente sobre todo los hormonales y aquellos que se encuentran en fase de experimentacion. En muchos de los metodos anticonceptivos se exponen sus efectos favorables y desfavorables.Como la mayoria de los metodos anticonceptivos revisados, de tipo hormonal, antes de analizar cada uno de ellos se hace una breve resena de la fisiologia de la menstruacion

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Se realiza una revision actualizada de algunos metodos anticonceptivos, que se utilizan actualmente sobre todo los hormonales y aquellos que se encuentran en fase de experimentacion. En muchos de los metodos anticonceptivos se exponen sus efectos favorables y desfavorables.Como la mayoria de los metodos anticonceptivos revisados, de tipo hormonal, antes de analizar cada uno de ellos se hace una breve resena de la fisiologia de la menstruacion

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Se revisan los aspectos clínicos de la afección tumoral ovárica, y se insiste en realizar las clasificaciones, frecuencia y diagnóstico. Se revisan los distintos medios terapéuticos, y se enfatiza en las medidas profilácticas y procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se presenta una paciente de 70 años de edad, portadora de un tumor de células granulosas, así como otra de 27 con un arrenoblastoma que evolucionó hacia la muerte. Se presentan ilustraciones fotográficas macro y microscópicas de los tumores (AU)

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