RESUMO
In recent years, adsorption has been accepted as one of the most appropriate processes for decolorization of wastewaters. This paper presents experimental results on application of peat for removal of structurally diverse dyes (azo, oxazine, triphenylmethane, thiazine and others) with emphasis on relevant factors such as the adsorbate-adsorbent chemical properties and chemical interaction as well as adsorption conditions. The equilibrium experimental results were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum sorption capacity of basic dyes at 22 degrees C was 667 (mg g(-1)) for Basic Blue 24, 526 (mg g(-1)) for Basic Green 4 and 714 (mg g(-1)) for Basic Violet 4. On the other hand for Acid Black 1 it was only 25 (mg g(-1)). Batch kinetics studies were undertaken and the data evaluated in compliance with chemical sorption mechanisms. For all of the systems studied the pseudo-second order model provided the best correlation of the kinetic experimental data. A film-pore double resistance diffusion model for mass transfer has also been used in this study to determine the effective diffusivity, Deff, for the adsorption of basic dyes in to peat.
Assuntos
Corantes/isolamento & purificação , Solo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodos , Adsorção , Chile , Corantes/química , Modelos QuímicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease characterized by elevated triglyceride, low total cholesterol and quantitative and qualitative alterations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The aim of the present study was to explore HDL metabolic activities in a patient with LPL deficiency and in his family (n = 11). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were divided into four groups: proband (Ser447Stop/Arg170Leu carrier), Ser447Stop carriers, Arg170Leu carriers and silent mutation/wild-type carriers (controls). Cholesterol efflux from Fu5AH cells, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities were evaluated. RESULTS: Comparison between the proband and the control group revealed that the boy had significantly reduced cholesterol efflux (P < 0.001), conserved LCAT activity (P > 0.05) and increased CETP activity (P < 0.001). As regards antioxidant enzymes, while PON1 activity was higher in the proband than in the controls (P < 0.0001), PAF-AH activity was reduced (P < 0.05). The other groups did not show relevant differences in comparison with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of one mutation was not enough to introduce important modifications in HDL functions. Markedly reduced HDL levels can keep certain normal enzymatic activities, which probably tend to counteract the deleterious effects of LPL deficiency.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Lipase Lipoproteica/deficiência , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Apolipoproteína A-II/metabolismo , Arildialquilfosfatase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol , Feminino , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Lipase Lipoproteica/genética , Masculino , LinhagemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The case is reported of a 4-y-old boy with chylomicronaemia syndrome, under treatment with a low-fat diet and medium-chain triglycerides. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patient and 11 members of his family were studied. Lipoprotein profile, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mass and activity were evaluated. Nucleotide substitutions in LPL promoter and exons were screened. The proband presented with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (triglycerides = 13.25 mmol l(-1)) and non-detectable LPL activity and mass. The boy was a compound heterozygote for four molecular defects in the LPL gene, two of which have not been reported before (CGT764 CTT/Arg170 --> Leu; GGA1482 --> GGT/Gly409 --> Gly). Among the family members, the proband was the only one who carried two genetic variants that modify LPL amino acid composition. CONCLUSION: The association of different alterations in the LPL gene could be a key factor in causing the severe phenotype observed. Moreover, treatment with a low-fat diet and medium-chain triglycerides failed to normalize the patient's hypertriglyceridaemia.
Assuntos
Anemia/sangue , Anemia/genética , Quilomícrons/sangue , Quilomícrons/genética , Família , Lipase Lipoproteica/genética , Mutação/genética , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
We examined glandular kallikrein (GK), a putative prolactin processing protease, in the teleost Cyprinus carpio. When employing an anti-Centropristis striata GK antibody proteins of 39 kDa in muscle, 52 kDa in gill, 52 kDa in kidney, and two proteins of 46 and 72 kDa in pituitary gland were detected. Immunoreactive kallikreins were recognized in intermuscle cell tissue, epithelial gill cells, apical region of tubular cells, and prolactin producing lactotrophs in pituitary gland, suggesting a osmoregulatory role for this enzyme. We found three prolactin (PRL) variants using anti-tilapia PRL antibodies, in pituitary gland 23 and 16 kDa, and in plasma 23 and 22 kDa forms. Clearly co-localization of GK and PRL in lactotrophs could be demonstrated. In winter-acclimatized male carp, where the pituitary PRL level is low, 17beta-estradiol treatment increased PRL but not GK immunoreactivity. In contrast to GK and PRL co-regulation by estrogen in mammalian pituitary gland, no similar effect on immunoreactive PRL and GK was observed in the ichtyc pituitary. No changes in GK immunostaining occurred in gill or muscle tissue in response to estrogen treatment. These results, taken with the observation of significantly increased GK immunoreactivity in the apical region of kidney tubular cells in estrogen treated male carp, indicate that the regulation of GK expression in pituitary and kidney could be different in fish with respect to mammals.
Assuntos
Carpas/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Calicreínas/análise , Calicreínas/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Aclimatação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Western Blotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Calicreínas/química , Rim/enzimologia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Hipófise/enzimologia , Prolactina/análise , Ratos , Estações do Ano , Alinhamento de Sequência , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
El presente trabajo es resultado de un reanálisis de los datos presentados anteriormente por Fernández, Jiménez & Vargas (2000) con el objetivo de cuantificar el aporte del comedor escolar a la alimentación de 11 familias de Finca San Juan de Pavas. El método usado para recolectar los datos dietéticos fue el recordatorio de 24 horas. El consumo de alimentos del niño en el comedor escolar fue medido aparte y su consumo en el hogar fue incluido en el consumo familiar. Los resultados demostraron que durante los días de semana cuando el niño va a la escuela, recibe del comedor más de una tercera parte de sus necesidades nutricionales en cuanto a energía y 10 nutrientes. Además, se encontró que la alimentación ofrecida en las escuelas tenía una concentración mayor de calcio; riboflavina; vitaminas A, C y B6 , y menor de grasa total y saturada. Se concluye que el comedor de la escuela de Finca San Juan de Rincón Grande de Pavas, contribuye de forma importante a las necesidades nutricionales y formación de hábitos alimentarlos adecuados en un grupo de niños escolares de familias de bajos recursos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ingestão de Alimentos , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Apoio Nutricional , Alimentação Escolar , População Urbana , Costa RicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies concerning the relative infectiousness of HIV-1-positive individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis have produced conflicting results. Thus, we assessed the effect of HIV-1 on the infectiousness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prospective study. METHODS: We organised in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, a cohort study of household contacts of HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative individuals with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Household contacts were assessed at their houses at baseline and followed up for 14 months for evidence of M tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis with a multi-step tuberculin skin test, anergy skin test, physical examinations, chest radiographs, and sputum smears. FINDINGS: Tuberculin induration of 5 mm or greater was seen in 153 (61%) of 252 household contacts of HIV-1-positive index cases and in 418 (76%) of 551 household contacts of HIV-1-negative index cases (odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.35-0.67], p=0.00001). In multivariate logistic-regression analysis after allowance for between-household variation in tuberculin response, HIV-1 infection of the index case remained inversely associated with the tuberculin response of the household contacts (0.52 [0.29-0.93], p=0.02). When the analysis was restricted to household contacts aged between 2 years and 15 years the adjusted association remained significant (0.37 [0.14-0.98], p=0.04). Among household contacts who had a negative tuberculin skin test at baseline, conversion to tuberculin skin test positivity was less frequent among household contacts of HIV-1-positive index cases (cut-off > or =5 mm: 32/131 [24%] vs 71/204 [35%], p=0.05; cut-off > or =10 mm: 23/153 [15%] vs 55/245 [22%], p=0.07). INTERPRETATION: These data suggest that HIV-1-positive individuals with tuberculosis are less likely than HIV-1-negative individuals with tuberculosis to transmit M tuberculosis to their close contacts. No changes in the current policy regarding tuberculosis contact tracing are needed in the presence of HIV-1.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Busca de Comunicante , Infecções por HIV/complicações , HIV-1 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/transmissãoRESUMO
Actually the nutrition programmes had become into a fundamental resource for people living in low social conditions, to cover their feeding requires. The elderly retired persons with high socio-economic vulnerability are the direct beneficiaries of a social programme that includes a nutritional intervention executed by the PAMI. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the ProBienestar programme at Córdoba Capital city during 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive and transversal study. TARGET GROUP: Older aged persons from 60 years old or more (n = 330) and assistance units (n = 26) TECHNIQUES: Survey observation VARIABLES: Focal criterions, accessibility, food assistance nutritional quality, socio-economic status, nutrition specialists participation, beneficiaries satisfaction assessed into the following dimensions "satisfaction with the including requirements", "food assistance regularity", "adjustment to the beneficiaries food consumption standard", "food quality". RESULTS: The beneficiaries are between 60 and 74 years aged; most of them are widows and separated women that live with their sons or/and daughters or/and grandchildren. The most are owners of the house they live in. There is a different opinion between beneficiaries and assistance units' responsible at the moment of establish the including criterions. The food assistance is regular and geographic and administrative accessible. There is some difficult by the way of the older aged beneficiaries to recall the food aid boxes. The nutritional quality of the complement for one-person box was assessed as good, while for the two-persons boxes the quality downs. It is adequate to the food consumption standard of the older aged beneficiaries. CONCLUSION: The satisfaction degree of the beneficiaries is high. (73%).
Assuntos
Programas Governamentais , Planejamento em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Idoso , Argentina , Comportamento do Consumidor , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Actually the nutrition programmes had become into a fundamental resource for people living in low social conditions, to cover their feeding requires. The elderly retired persons with high socio-economic vulnerability are the direct beneficiaries of a social programme that includes a nutritional intervention executed by the PAMI. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the ProBienestar programme at Córdoba Capital city during 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive and transversal study. TARGET GROUP: Older aged persons from 60 years old or more (n = 330) and assistance units (n = 26) TECHNIQUES: Survey observation VARIABLES: Focal criterions, accessibility, food assistance nutritional quality, socio-economic status, nutrition specialists participation, beneficiaries satisfaction assessed into the following dimensions [quot ]satisfaction with the including requirements[quot ], [quot ]food assistance regularity[quot ], [quot ]adjustment to the beneficiaries food consumption standard[quot ], [quot ]food quality[quot ]. RESULTS: The beneficiaries are between 60 and 74 years aged; most of them are widows and separated women that live with their sons or/and daughters or/and grandchildren. The most are owners of the house they live in. There is a different opinion between beneficiaries and assistance units responsible at the moment of establish the including criterions. The food assistance is regular and geographic and administrative accessible. There is some difficult by the way of the older aged beneficiaries to recall the food aid boxes. The nutritional quality of the complement for one-person box was assessed as good, while for the two-persons boxes the quality downs. It is adequate to the food consumption standard of the older aged beneficiaries. CONCLUSION: The satisfaction degree of the beneficiaries is high. (73
).
RESUMO
This syndrome is a pathological entity of low incidence which mainly affects high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. We here show the first case reported in our country, observed in a 63-year-old woman who showed bilateral corneal opacity and eruptive xanthomas in both arms. The lipoprotein profile disclosed severe hypertriglyceridemia and normocholesterolemia, although the percentage of cholesteryl esters was low. Plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL major apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were markedly decreased. The patient also showed glucose intolerance and hematological alterations related to abnormal lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes. As evaluated by the exogen substrate method, LCAT activity proved to be 82% lower in the patient than in a control subject. It is noteworthy that the patient had experienced cardiac events and presented hypertension, neither of which has been commonly documented in partial LCAT deficiency syndromes.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Deficiência da Lecitina Colesterol Aciltransferase/sangue , Feminino , Fenofibrato/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Deficiência da Lecitina Colesterol Aciltransferase/diagnóstico , Deficiência da Lecitina Colesterol Aciltransferase/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SíndromeRESUMO
This syndrome is a pathological entity of low incidence which mainly affects high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. We here show the first case reported in our country, observed in a 63-year-old woman who showed bilateral corneal opacity and eruptive xanthomas in both arms. The lipoprotein profile disclosed severe hypertriglyceridemia and normocholesterolemia, although the percentage of cholesteryl esters was low. Plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL major apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were markedly decreased. The patient also showed glucose intolerance and hematological alterations related to abnormal lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes. As evaluated by the exogen substrate method, LCAT activity proved to be 82
lower in the patient than in a control subject. It is noteworthy that the patient had experienced cardiac events and presented hypertension, neither of which has been commonly documented in partial LCAT deficiency syndromes.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: A long-standing controversy exists regarding the proper timing for vitrectomy in a traumatized eye. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of timing on the final visual acuity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 45 consecutive patients who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy procedure for repair of ocular trauma. The patients were divided into two groups according to the timing of the surgery post-trauma: those operated before or after 14 days. Type of trauma and pre- and postoperative visual acuities were compared. RESULTS: A contusion type of trauma was more frequent in the late surgery group. Sharp, penetrating injuries were more common in the early vitrectomy group. No significant difference was found though visual acuity was worse in the patients with a contusion component to their injury. Timing of surgery seems to have very little effect on the final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Final visual acuity is determined by the type and extent of trauma rather than the timing of surgery.
Assuntos
Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/cirurgia , Traumatismos Oculares/cirurgia , Vitrectomia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
A fin de evaluar la percepción que tienen las madres sobre la calidad de atención a los niños hospitalizados se realizó una encuesta especialmente diseñada. Se aplicó en 100 madres, en forma aleatoria, al egreso de los niños. La atención fue encontrada excelente o buena en 96%, regular o mala en 4%; 74%de las madres vio a alguien del personal, en su mayoría auxiliares de enfermería, actuar cariñosamente con sus hijos. Sólo el 2%afirmó que su hijo fue alguna vez retado o castigado. Al mismo tiempo, se detectaron diversos déficit materiales, de recursos humanos y de la atención y el trato. Se concluye que la atención fue percibida de modo satisfactorio. Se estima necesario continuar este tipo de estudios para perfeccionar la atención en salud