RESUMO
The present study determined the volatile chemical components of the essential oils (EA) of the Melinis minutiflora and Lantana camara species, by means of gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, the species were collected in the cantons of Quilanga and Loja, the extraction was carried out by steam distillation. In the essential oil (EA) of M. minutiflora, 20 compounds were identified, representing 93.21%, the compounds in the highest concentration: 1-tetradecanol (16.30%), (E) -cariophylene (12.44%), germacrene D (10.99%), (E) -nerolidol (8.28%), δ-cadinene (5.61%), α-humulene (5.36%), viridiflorol (4.78%) and (Z) -ß-farnesene (4.76%). In the AE of L. camara, 68 compounds were identified, representing 96.54%, the compounds with the highest concentration (E) -caryophyllene (15.46%), germacrene D (12.21%), α-humulene (9.92%), bicyclogermacrene (7.06 %), γ-terpinene (5.97%) and germacrene B (4.66%). The species M. minutifloraand L. Camarahave repellent, acaricidal properties in adult larvae of Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus (Boophylus) microplus.
El presente estudio determinó los componentes químicos volátiles de los aceites esenciales (AEs) de las especies Melinis minutiflora y Lantana camara, mediante cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrómetro de masas, las especies se recolectaron en los cantones de Quilanga y Loja, la extracción se hizo mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor. En el aceite esencial (AE) de M. minutiflora se identificaron 20 compuestos, representan el93,21%, los compuestos en mayor concentración: 1-tetradecanol (16,30%), (E)-cariofileno (12,44 %), germacreno D (10,99%), (E)-nerolidol (8,28 %), δ-cadineno (5,61 %), α-humuleno (5,36 %), viridiflorol (4,78 %) y (Z)-ß-farneseno (4,76 %). En el AE de L. camara se identificaron 68 compuestos, representan el 96,54%, los compuestos en mayor concentración (E)-cariofileno (15,46%), germacreno D (12,21%), α-humuleno (9,92%), bicyclogermacreno (7,06%), γ-terpineno (5,97%) y germacreno B (4,66%); las especies M. minutiflora y L. cámara, presentan propiedades repelentes, acaricidas en larvas, adultas de Amblyomma cajennense y Rhipicephalus (Boophylus) microplus.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Verbenaceae/química , Acaricidas/farmacologia , Melinis repens/química , Plantas Medicinais , Óleos Voláteis/química , EquadorRESUMO
Dissolution of anthropogenic CO2 modifies seawater pH, leading to ocean acidification, which might affect calcifying organisms such as bivalve mollusks. Along the Peruvian coast, however, natural conditions of low pH (7.6-8.0) are encountered in the habitat of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), as a consequence of the nearby coastal upwelling influence. To understand the effects of low pH in a species adapted to these environmental conditions, an experiment was performed to test its consequences on growth, calcification, dissolution, and shell mechanical properties in juvenile Peruvian scallops. During 28 days, scallops (initial mean height = 14 mm) were exposed to two contrasted pH conditions: a control with unmanipulated seawater presenting pH conditions similar to those found in situ (pHT = 7.8) and a treatment, in which CO2 was injected to reduce pH to 7.4. At the end of the experiment, shell height and weight, and growth and calcification rates were reduced about 6%, 20%, 9%, and 10% respectively in the low pH treatment. Mechanical properties, such as microhardness were positively affected in the low pH condition and crushing force did not show differences between pH treatments. Final soft tissue weights were not significantly affected by low pH. This study provides evidence of low pH change shell properties increasing the shell microhardness in Peruvian scallops, which implies protective functions. However, the mechanisms behind this response need to be studied in a global change context.
Assuntos
Pectinidae , Água do Mar , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Peru , Água do Mar/químicaRESUMO
Different strategies have been used to degrade the molecular structure of lignins in natural fibers. Both chemical and biological processes can obtain different types of lignins for industrial use. In this study, a variation of the spectral intensity of the thermo-mechanical and fungi-modified Bambusa oldhamii (giant bamboo) and Guadua angustifolia Kunt fibers were examined via Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. The giant bamboo and Guadua angustifolia Kunt specimens were modified using a non-chemical alternative steam pressure method for degrading lignins, followed by mechanical sieving to obtain fibers of different lengths. The obtained fibers were treated with the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti MF18MH45591 strain in a 21 d degradation process. The samples were subjected to Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy before and after the strain treatment. The intensity variation was found to be in the spectral range of 1200 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1, in which lignin components are commonly found in most plant species. A multivariate analysis of the principal components of the treated and untreated control samples confirmed the changes in the spectral region of interest, which were associated with the thermo-mechanical and fungal treatment.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Valorar la efectividad del vídeojuego en educandos que padecen ambliopía funcional. Métodos: Se confeccionó la historia clínica de cada paciente, la cual incluyó la revisión oftalmológica completa, la evaluación de la agudeza visual con la prueba adecuada a cada edad, y se evaluó la presencia de supresión mediante la prueba de filtro rojo y las luces de Worth. Cada prueba se realizó de forma individual según el tipo y la severidad de la ambliopía, y se le indicó la refracción correspondiente. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: al grupo A se le aplicó la terapia tradicional de la ambliopía, y al grupo B se le siguió la misma pauta que un tratamiento tradicional de ambliopía, pero con la introducción de vídeojuegos. Resultados: Se observó en el grupo A un predominio de los pacientes con agudeza visual inicial entre 0,2 - 0,4 (50 %), la cual se incrementó en dos líneas o más en el (55 %); sin embargo, en el grupo B la agudeza inicial entre 0,2 - 0,4 fue de 56,5 %. Los resultados sensoriales seis meses posteriores al tratamiento, según cada grupo de estudio, mostraron en el grupo B una reducción de la supresión en el 91,3 %, y en el grupo A de un 75 %. Conclusión: La terapia visual combinada con vídeojuego es efectiva; mejora la agudeza visual; elimina y reduce la supresión, por lo que constituye una herramienta que complementa la terapia visual tradicional de la ambliopía.
ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the effectiveness of videogames for students suffering from functional amblyopia. Methods: A clinical record was developed for each patient, which included complete ophthalmological examination, visual acuity evaluation with the suitable test for each age, and determination of the presence of suppression by the red filter test and the Worth lights test. Each test was conducted individually according to the type and severity of amblyopia, and the corresponding refraction was indicated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A received traditional amblyopia therapy, whereas Group B underwent traditional amblyopia treatment combined with the incorporation of videogames. Results: Group A showed a predominance of patients with initial visual acuity between 0.2 - 0.4 (50%), which increased two lines or more in 55%. However, in Group B initial visual acuity ranged between 0.2 - 0.4 in 56.5%. Six months after treatment, sensory results were 91.3% suppression reduction in Group B and 75% in Group A. Conclusion: Visual therapy proved effective when combined with videogames: visual acuity improved and suppression was reduced. It is thus a suitable tool to complement the traditional visual therapy for amblyopia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Ambliopia/diagnóstico , Prontuários Médicos , Jogos de Vídeo/efeitos adversos , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas y los criterios quirúrgicos en el síndrome de Brown. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a 15 pacientes con el diagnóstico de síndrome de Brown, quienes acudieron a la Consulta de Visión Binocular del Hospital Infantil Sur "Dr. Antonio María Béguez César". Se incluyeron los niños con edades entre 2 a 7 años, con el diagnóstico definido de síndrome de Brown; se realizó exploración motora y sensorial completa y se evaluó el ojo afectado, el tipo de síndrome de Brown que tenía el paciente, las características clínicas y los criterios quirúrgicos tenidos en cuenta para resolver una conducta adecuada. Resultados: En la muestra estudiada el 66,5 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo afectado el ojo derecho con un síndrome de Brown leve; el 73 por ciento estuvo en ortotropía y el 73,3 por ciento no fue quirúrgico. Conclusión: Los pacientes con síndrome de Brown leve que permanecen en ortotropía, sin tortícolis y sin depresión en aducción, no requieren intervención quirúrgica(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the clinical characteristics of and surgical criteria for Brown syndrome. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of 15 patients diagnosed with Brown syndrome attending the binocular vision service at Dr. Antonio María Béguez César South University Children's Hospital. The sample included children aged 2-7 years with a definite diagnosis of Brown syndrome. Complete motor and sensory exploration was done, and evaluation was performed of the affected eye, Brown syndrome type, clinical characteristics and surgical criteria considered to select the appropriate management. Results: 66.5 percent of the study sample had their right eye affected by mild Brown syndrome, 73 percent were orthotropic, and 73.3 percent were not surgical cases. Conclusion: Patients with mild Brown syndrome who remained orthotropic, without torticollis or adduction depression, did not require surgical intervention(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estrabismo/cirurgia , Estrabismo/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
La clamidiosis es una enfermedad cosmopolita muy conocida en aves de la familia Psitacidae, cuyo agente etiológico es Chlamydophila psittaci. Puede causar desde una leve neumonía hasta la muerte del animal; además es posible su transmisión a otros animales y al humano a través de la inhalación del microorganismo, produciendo cuadros severos de neumonía y otras patologías. Las poblaciones con mayor riesgo de adquirir esta zoonosis son veterinarios, criadores de aves y toda persona en contacto con aves infectadas. En Venezuela no existen registros epidemiológicos de esta enfermedad en psitácidos ni en humanos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la presencia de anticuerpos contra Chlamydophila psittaci en aves psitácidas del parque Zoológico Las Delicias y el Zoocriadero Canaima por medio de la técnica de ELISA en fase sólida. Para ello se analizaron 24 muestras de suero de aves encontrándose 17 positivas, lo que se traduce en una prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG contra Cp. psittaci de 71%. Con estos resultados se pretende llamar la atención de las autoridades sanitarias respectivas sobre el impacto e importancia de la enfermedad en Venezuela.
Chlamydiosis is a well known cosmopolitan disease in birds belonging to the Psittacidae family whose etiologic agent is Chlamydophila psittaci. It can produce from mild pneumonia to the death of the animal; its transmission to other animals and to humans is also possible through the inhalation of the microorganism, producing severe pneumonia episodes, as well as other pathologies. The populations with the highest risk of acquiring this zoonosis are those of veterinaries, bird keepers and all persons in contact with infected birds. In Venezuela there are no epidemiologic registries of this disease in psittacine birds or in humans. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of antibodies against Chlamydophila psittaci in psittacine birds from the Las Delicias zoo and the Canaima Zoogrower through a solid phase ELISA technique. Twenty-four serum samples taken from birds were analyzed and 17 were found to be positive, which results in a 71% prevalence of IgG antibodies against C. psittaci. With these results we intend to call the attention of the respective public health authorities on the impact and importance of this disease in Venezuela.
RESUMO
La ingestión de sustancias no digeribles puede formar cuerpos extraños en el estómago denominados bezoares. Es una circunstancia poco frecuente generalmente vinculada a trastornos de conducta. Las manifestaciones principales son: desnutrición, anemia, palidez, síntomas digestivos vagos, dispepsia post-plandial y tumoración abdominal. Presentamos una niña de 13 años que consultó por edema facial y de miembros inferiores. Ingresó con signos de enfermedad crónica, palidez cutánea y de mucosas y cabellos quebradizos y signos de enfermedad crónica. Al examen se palpó en epigastrio una masa de consistencia duro-pétrea en forma de herradura, de aproximadamente 20 x 15cms.; se realizó radiografía simple de abdomen con insuflación gaseosa del estómago observándose una masa intragástrica. El diagnóstico de tricobazoar fue corroborado por endoscopía. El tratamiento fue la exéresis quirúrgica...
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Neoplasias Abdominais , Bezoares , Hipoalbuminemia , ArgentinaRESUMO
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal y prospectiva de 13 pacientes con isotropía parcialmente acomodativa, después de una corrección total de la hipermetropía, tratados en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Policlínico Pediátrico Sur de Santiago de Cuba desde mayo del 2006 hasta septiembre del 2008. La ejecución de este estudio se justificó por el insuficiente conocimiento existente sobre el alineamiento ocular en las endotropías parcialmente acomodativas, luego de aplicar la técnica de debilitamiento bilateral de los músculos rectos medios. En la serie estudiada, la edad media fue de 6,3 años y el alineamiento ocular logrado en el período posoperatorio resultó exitoso, además de que no estuvo relacionado con la ametropía. La ambliopía encontrada contribuyó al pronóstico de la afección.
A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective investigation of 13 patients with partially accommodative esotropia was carried out, after a total correction of the hypermetropy, treated in the Ophthalmology Service of the Southern Pediatric Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba from May, 2006 to September, 2008. The implementation of this study was justified for the insufficient existent knowledge on the ocular alignment in the partially accommodative endotropia, after applying the technique of bilateral attenuation of medial rectus muscles. In the studied series, the mean age was of 6,3 years and the ocular alignment achieved in the posoperative period was successful besides that was not related with the ametropia. The amblyopia found contributed to the prognosis of the disorder.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Acomodação Ocular , Ambliopia/cirurgia , Oftalmopatias , Esotropia/cirurgia , Visão Binocular , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Enterocutaneous fistulas arise as complications in 0.8%-2% of abdominal operations. The global mortality rate is 5%-37%, yet it may exceed 60% in the case of high-output fistulas and when sepsis and malnutrition are involved. The objective of this prospective cohort study with retrospective data analyses was to analyze our ten-year experience with a vacuum-compaction device for the management of high-output, postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas at the Department of General Surgery, E. Tornú Hospital, and the Intensive Care Unit, Churruca Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-one patients presented 179 fistulas; 73 (69.2%) were men whose mean age was 48 years. Sepsis and malnutrition were present in 66 (72.5%). The mean initial fistula output was 1,485 ml/day. Conservative management was carried out according to diagnostic and therapeutic priority staging. A vacuum-compaction system (SIVACO; Spanish acronym) was used to control output. RESULTS: Output was entirely suppressed in 37 (40.7%) patients after 1-7 days of treatment, and reduced to less than 500 ml/day (average=138) in 52 (57.1%) patients. Spontaneous closure was achieved in 42 (46.2%) patients, whereas 37 (40.7%) patients did not improve after 20-380 (average=111) days of treatment. Those patients required surgical correction, which had an 83.8% success rate. Overall mortality was 16.5% (15 patients). CONCLUSIONS: The vacuum-compaction device proved effective for reducing fistula output in 89 of 91 patients (97.8%).
Assuntos
Fístula Cutânea/cirurgia , Fístula Intestinal/cirurgia , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos Clínicos , Estudos de Coortes , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Fístula Cutânea/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Fístula Intestinal/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa/instrumentação , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa/métodos , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Animais , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Aves/virologia , Galinhas/virologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos/virologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Mediante una investigación a lo largo del sector suburbano de la ciudad de Loja-Ecuador, dedicada al cultivo de plantas medicinales, se aíslaron los hongos endófitos asociados a Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Baccharis obtusifolia Kunth, Piper barbatum Kunth, Borreria laevis (Lam.) Grises, Chuquiragua jussieui J.F. Gmel y Bidens andicola Kunth. Los taxa fúngicos más frecuentes fueron: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Phoma, además de algunos representantes de los grupos: coelomycetes, sinnematosos y Zygomycota. La mayor dominancia fúngica correspondió a integrantes de los denominados Mycelia sterilia, siendo de particular interés como posibles endófitos. Se evaluó además la interacción antagónica de siete aislados fúngicos frente a bacterias: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumomiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. La mayoría de las cepas fúngicas estudiadas presentaron actividad, pero los resultados más prometedores se evidenciaron en un aislado de Mycelia sterilia.
As a result of an investigation carried out along the suburban zone of the city of Loja-Ecuador, engaged in the growing of medicinal plants, endophytic fungi associated to Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Baccharis obtusifolia Kunth, Piper barbatum Kunth, Borreria laevis (Lam) Grises, Chuquiragua jussieui J.F. Gmel and Bidens andicola Kunth were isolated. Fungal taxa most frequently appearing were: Alternaria, Aspergillus,Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Phoma besides some representatives of the groups: coelomycetes, synnematousand Zygomycota. Major fungal dominance was found in elements of the so-called Mycelia sterilia, which hada special interest as possible endophyte. Besides the antagonic interaction of seven fungal isolations in front of bacteria was assessed: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumomiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Most of fungal strains investigated revealed activity , however most promising results could be seen in an isolation of Mycelia sterilia.
Assuntos
Antibiose , Bactérias/patogenicidade , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Medicinais/microbiologia , EquadorAssuntos
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/efeitos da radiação , Benzofuranos/metabolismo , Raios Ultravioleta , Ascomicetos/química , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Oxirredução , FotóliseRESUMO
Lichens synthesize and accumulate photoprotective compounds against possible damage induced by UV radiation in the photobiont. A biological model has been recently formulated that allows the use of lichens to evaluate changes at different UV radiation levels. The thermodynamics, photophysical and photochemical properties of lobaric acid were studied in acetonitrile, ethanol and Brij 35(3%) micelles at different pH values. Also the sun protector factor (SPF) was determined by in vitro methods. Lobaric acid was extracted from Stereoculon alpinum Laur. and characterized by means of standard procedures. Solutions were irradiated in oxygen and under nitrogen conditions with a UV medium pressure lamp. Lobaric acid absorbs at 287, 303 nm, and no fluorescence emission was observed. The maximum value of the molar extinction coefficient (5479.6 M(-1) cm(-1)) was obtained in Brij 35 at pH 12. Solubility is pH dependant and is highest in Brij 35 at pH 12 (4.45 x 10(-4) M). Photoconsumption quantum yields ranged between 10(-4) and 10(-5) in aerobic and anaerobic experimental conditions. Lobaric acid SPF was very low (0.5) compared with homosalate (4.0), (reference solar filter). Two pKa values, 5.05 (carboxylic acid group deprotonation) and 9.75 (phenolic OH deprotonation), were determined.
Assuntos
Lactonas/química , Lactonas/efeitos da radiação , Líquens/química , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Depsídeos , Cinética , Estrutura Molecular , Fotoquímica , Análise EspectralRESUMO
Boldine hydrochloride was more photounstable than boldine after irradiation with UVB (lambda = 300 nm). However, photoconsumption quantum yields, for glaucine hydrochloride (6.5 x 10(-2)) and boldine hydrochloride (6.7 x 10(-2)) in air, were quite similar. The photolysis was oxygen dependent in both cases, and the effect over the kinetics after the addition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy suggested free radicals participation. The fact that the antioxidative capacity of boldine and boldine hydrochloride did not change during the photolysis, suggests that the phenolic structure remains unchanged in the photoproducts, corroborated with the photoproducts analysis. The photoprotection capacity was evaluated before and after irradiation. Results indicate that the values before irradiation are similar for all three compounds, only glaucine increasing its capacity with length of irradiation time.
Assuntos
Aporfinas/farmacologia , Aporfinas/efeitos da radiação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Aporfinas/química , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
Entre 1985 y 1990 se trataron 14 pacientes con 27 fístulas enterocutáneas postcirugía, mediante un sistema original por vacío y compactación(SIVACO). Se basa en el uso de muy bajas presiones atmosféricas, que compacta una masa de fibras poliméricas(TFP) sobre el orificio, ocluyéndolo como una tapa o "pared dique". El sesgo grave de la población está dado por el alto caudal promedio de las fístulas (1500cc/día), una mortalidad esperada del 43% por APACHE II y por ser 7 pacientes con supuraciones peritoneales, 8 con desnutrición severa, 6 con m160s de una fístula y 12 con signos claros de sepsis. Los resultados fueron: el caudal cayó a 67cc/día a las 24 hs. y 0cc/día a los siete días. Este método resolvió las colecciones intraperitoneales sin punciones o cirugía. Siete de los ocho pacientes desnutridos recuperaron más del 55% del peso perdido a los 20 días. De las 27 fístulas tratadas 22 cerraron con este procedimiento y 4 con cirugía. El 93% de los pacientes se alimentaba por vía enteral, deambulaba y se encontraba sin vía venosa central a los 9 días de tratamiento. El tiempo de tratamiento fue de 14 a 365 días. Once enfermos curaron las fístulas entre 14 y 44 días, 2 con fístulas múltiples, algunas de ellas cerradas antes de los 90 días y que se reoperaron al año de las fístulas persistentes, con buen estado general y alta a los 15 y 20 días sin complicaciones. Trece pacientes fueron dados de alta curados. Uno falleció por bronconeumonía. La mortalidad del método fue 0