RESUMO
The inclusion of by-product coconut mesocarp skins (CMS) in diets was evaluated in feedlot lambs. The objective of this study was to evaluate CMS levels effects on carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Thirty-five male lambs with an initial body weight of 16.9 ± 2.93 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with five CMS levels in total dry matter (0; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4 and 19.2%) and fed during 71 d until slaughter. High levels of CMS decreased the intake of dry matter and negatively affected the performance of lambs. Fat and protein contents of Longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.05) and the saturated fatty acid (FA) decreased (P < 0.001) whereas polyunsaturated FA increased (P < 0.01) with the inclusion of CMS. The ratio t10/t11-18:1 increased with the inclusion of CMS (P < 0.001). The instrumental color descriptors were unaffected by CMS levels. According to the effects on the investigated meat quality traits we recommend up to 4.8% CMS in diets of confined lambs.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Cocos , Dieta , Ácidos Graxos , Músculo Esquelético , Carne Vermelha , Carneiro Doméstico , Animais , Masculino , Cocos/química , Ração Animal/análise , Carne Vermelha/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Músculo Esquelético/química , Cor , Composição CorporalRESUMO
The present study determined the presence of heavy metals in green sea turtles with and without fibropapillomatosis in Itapirubá and Cassino beaches, southern Brazil. The weight, curved length of the carapace and body index were determined and blood was collected to quantify the concentrations of cadmium, lead and mercury. A total of 51 blood samples were analyzed, being 46 positives for at least one of the metals. There was a greater number of juvenile turtles in Itapirubá, larger in size and weight than those in Cassino. No statistical differences were found between metal concentrations between regions or between turtles with and without fibropapillomatosis. There was no significant correlation between metal concentrations, biometric variables and the presence of fibropapilomatose. Metal concentrations were low in both regions, with the highest concentrations being Cd and the lowest Hg.
Assuntos
Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Tartarugas , Animais , Brasil , BiometriaRESUMO
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have a prominent role in the maintenance of intestine mucosa homeostasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important modulator of immune cell activation and a key mechanism for cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, its role on ILC3 is not well known. In this study, we investigated how a hypoxic environment modulates ILC3 response and the subsequent participation of HIF-1 signaling in this process. We found increased proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC3 at low oxygen levels, a response that was phenocopied when HIF-1α was chemically stabilized and was reversed when HIF-1 was blocked. The increased activation of ILC3 relied on a HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional program, but not on mTOR-signaling or a switch to glycolysis. HIF-1α deficiency in RORyt compartment resulted in impaired IL-17 and IL-22 production by ILC3 in vivo, which reflected in a lower expression of their target genes in the intestinal epithelium and an increased susceptibility to Clostridiodes difficile infection. Taken together, our results show that HIF-1α activation in intestinal ILC3 is relevant for their functions in steady state and infectious conditions.
Assuntos
Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Hipóxia/imunologia , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Infecções por Clostridium/etiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Ativação Linfocitária/genética , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Estabilidade Proteica , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
A highly exothermic nitrogen generation system (NGS) can be achieved by mixing solutions of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride, a process used by the oil and gas industry to dissolve paraffin wax and gas hydrates. Although its main products are nitrogen gas and a sodium chloride brine, the NGS has a side reaction that produces nitrogen oxides. To optimize this process to ensure the greatest and fastest heat generation with the lowest oxide production, this reaction was checked by infrared spectroscopy and calorimetry. The factors temperature, pH, and initial concentration of nitrite and ammonium were evaluated, and the optimal conditions of the NGS were determined by the constructed models to predict heat and NO x generation. These conditions were a ratio of ammonium/nitrite equal to 1 and a catalyst concentration of 0.07 mol·L-1 (for a case in which the temperature is 5 °C).
RESUMO
The quality of meat is a multifactorial parameter dependent on the perspective and goals of the link in the production chain. Generally, a variety of factors directly or indirectly affect the quality characteristics of meat and, therefore, the value of meat products. Often, the literature divides the interfering factors into intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors are related to animals; therefore, intrinsic factors are less variable. These factors include breed, sex, age, weight, genes, and type of muscle fiber. Some of these factors are not well studied, others have variable influence or are controversial and only a few are known and sometimes controlled. Thus, this study aimed to review some intrinsic factors that influence the quality of lamb meat.
La calidad de la carne es un parámetro multifactorial que depende de la perspectiva y los objetivos del eslabón de la cadena de producción. En general, una amplia variedad de factores afectan directa o indirectamente la calidad de la carne y, en consecuencia, los valores de los productos cárnicos. A menudo, la literatura divide los factores que interfieren intrínseca y extrínsecamente. Los factores intrínsecos están relacionados con los animales, por lo tanto, son menos variable. Estos factores incluyen la raza, el género, la edad, el peso, los genes y el tipo de fibra muscular. Algunos de estos factores no están bien estudiados, otros tienen influencia variable o son polémicos, y sólo unos pocos son conocidos y a veces controlados. Por lo tanto, este trabajo pretende revisar algunos factores intrínsecos que influyen en la calidad de la carne de ovino.
A qualidade da carne é um parâmetro multifatorial, dependente da perspectiva e objetivos do elo da cadeia produtiva. Geralmente, uma grande variedade de fatores afetam direta ou indiretamente as características de qualidade da carne e, consequentemente, os valores dos produtos cárneos. Frequentemente, a literatura divide os fatores interferentes em intrínsecos e extrínsecos. Os fatores intrínsecos são referentes ao animal e, portanto, menos variáveis. Esses fatores incluem raça, sexo, idade, peso, genes e tipo de fibras musculares. Alguns desses fatores não estão bem estudados, outros têm influência variável ou controvertida e somente alguns são conhecidos e, às vezes, controlados. Dessa forma, objetivou-se revisar alguns fatores intrínsecos que influenciam na qualidade da carne ovina.