RESUMO

The occurrence of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp. larvae (Diptera: Oestridae) in adult horses has been widely characterized, however data on natural infestation in young foals have been lacking. This observation may be related to the absence of conclusive diagnosis in these individuals, most likely due to logistical or financial constraints. Gastric ulceration is a problem and a significant cause of morbidity in foals, particularly during the weaning stage; therefore, gasterophilosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gasterophilosis in 4- to 6-month-old weanling foals. Seventy-one healthy weanling foals were enrolled in the study. Physical assessment blood sampling and was completed in all foals before the commencement of the experiment. Gastroscopy examinations were performed under sedation (Detomidine 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg) with a flexible endoscope inserted through nasogastric via. The lumen of the stomach was examined in order to search for botflies' larvae. Following gastroscopy, foals were classified into 2 groups based on the presence of Gasterophilus spp. larvae in their stomachs: 1) Infected and 2) Not Infected. Infected foals received a single dose of commercial trichlorfon and albendazole equine oral gel and were stalled for 24 h. The passed feces were thoroughly examined, searching for elimination of larvae. A total of 64% of the foals (n = 45/71) harbored Gasterophilus spp. larvae in the stomach. Mild hyperemia in the gastric mucosa was observed in the attachment sites of the parasites. Physical assessment and hematological parameters' data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Comparison between groups for clinical signs, hematological parameters and Gasterophilus spp. infection rates were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. There were no statistically significant variations in physical and hematological parameters between foals that were affected and those that were not infected. The larvae found in the feces were subjected to morphological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of Gasterophilus intestinalis. No systemic clinical indications compatible with Gasterophilus spp. infestation were seen, as described in previous studies of horses infected with the parasite. No botfly eggs were observed in the hair of evaluated foals. During gastroscopy, mild hyperemic lesions in the gastric mucosa were observed in the larvae fixation sites. Although no changes in clinical or hematological parameters were noted, the confirmation of parasite presence is a cause for concern due to horses' tolerance for low infestation levels and poor diagnosis. Additionally, the presence of this myiasis in foals may be a significant stressor during the weaning period and should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurring abdominal pain. Furthermore, infected foals might be a reservoir for the parasite and, contribute to the elimination and spread of the larvae in the environment. Thus, inclusion of young horses in deworming protocols targeted to botfly larvae is needed. This is the first report of Gasterophilus intestinalis myiasis in foals in Brazil. Further research is necessary to fully understand the epidemiology and prevalence of this condition in young horses in Brazil, based on the findings of this study.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal death during the first-week postfoaling. Despite recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in the newborn foal, the non-specific clinical signs and subtle nature of this disease may result in delayed diagnosis until severe progression of the disease; thus, early detection of sepsis remains critical for a favourable outcome. This study aimed to identify early blood markers as predictive of sepsis on foals. METHODS: Thirty-five foals were allocated into three groups: healthy control foals (n=7) and foals born from mares with placentitis: septic foals (n=9) and non-septic foals (n=19). Blood samples were obtained immediately after foaling and at 12, 24 and 48 hours. All samples were assessed for glucose, lactate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total solids, fibrinogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations. RESULTS: At foaling, glucose and GGT concentrations were lower in septic foals (P<0.001). Of interest, SAA, AFP, creatinine and total cholesterol were higher in septic foals at parturition (P<0.05). At 12 hours, lactate, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations were higher in septic foals. When evaluated at 24 and 48 hours, higher concentrations of SAA and AFP were found in placentitis foals than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Total cholesterol and lactate appear to be suitable markers for sepsis during the first 24 hours postpartum. Septic foals displayed altered energy metabolisms as determined by increased triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, hypoglycaemia at birth and reduced activity of the GGT and increased lactate and urea concentrations. Sepsis was associated with high concentrations of SAA and AFP.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os parâmetros bioquímicos do líquido amniótico (LA) no momento do parto de éguas com placentite ascendente e relacionar com parâmetros bioquímicos séricos dos neonatos. Foram utilizadas 36 éguas gestantes da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, divididas em dois grupos: placentite (n=5) e sadias (n=31). A placentite foi definida de acordo com a avaliação clínica, exame ultrassonográfico e histopatologia das placentas. Essas éguas foram submetidas a terapia antimicrobiana, antiinflamatórios e altrenogest. A coleta do LA foi realizada na segunda fase do parto e as amostras sanguíneas dos neonatos imediatamente após o nascimento. Foi observada menor concentração de creatinina no LA de éguas com placentite. Potros provenientes de éguas com placentite foram menores em peso e altura ao nascimento, e apresentaram concentrações elevadas de ureia e reduzidas de PPT na avaliação sérica. Foi observado correlação positiva moderada entre creatinina e ureia no LA e correlação positiva fraca entre a creatinina do LA e sérica dos potros. Concluiu-se que o perfil bioquímico do LA e sérico dos neonatos oriundos de éguas com placentite ascendente diferem de gestações sadias. Sendo que esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como indicadores de alterações placentárias em éguas.

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid (AF) at parturition in mares with ascending placentitis, and to relate with biochemical parameters in neonatal foals’ serum. Thirty-six pregnant Thoroughbred mares were divided in 2 groups: mares with placentitis (n=5) and healthy mares (n=31). Placentitis was identified based on clinical signs, ultrasound evaluation and histopathological features in the placenta. Mares with placentitis were treated with antibiotics, antiinflammatories and altrenogest. AF was collected during the second stage of labor and blood samples were taken immediately after foaling. Lower concentrations of creatinine were found in the AF of mares with placentitis. Foals from mares with placentitis showed smaller height and lower birthweight, also showed increase of urea and decrease of total protein levels in blood serum. A moderate positive correlation between urea and creatinine in AF was observed, and a weak positive correlation was found between creatinine in AF and the serum of foals. In conclusion, biochemical composition of AF and of blood serum of neonatal foals from mares with ascending placentitis are different of healthy mares. So, those analysis could be useful to identify placental changes in mares.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os parâmetros bioquímicos do líquido amniótico (LA) no momento do parto de éguas com placentite ascendente e relacionar com parâmetros bioquímicos séricos dos neonatos. Foram utilizadas 36 éguas gestantes da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, divididas em dois grupos: placentite (n=5) e sadias (n=31). A placentite foi definida de acordo com a avaliação clínica, exame ultrassonográfico e histopatologia das placentas. Essas éguas foram submetidas a terapia antimicrobiana, antiinflamatórios e altrenogest. A coleta do LA foi realizada na segunda fase do parto e as amostras sanguíneas dos neonatos imediatamente após o nascimento. Foi observada menor concentração de creatinina no LA de éguas com placentite. Potros provenientes de éguas com placentite foram menores em peso e altura ao nascimento, e apresentaram concentrações elevadas de ureia e reduzidas de PPT na avaliação sérica. Foi observado correlação positiva moderada entre creatinina e ureia no LA e correlação positiva fraca entre a creatinina do LA e sérica dos potros. Concluiu-se que o perfil bioquímico do LA e sérico dos neonatos oriundos de éguas com placentite ascendente diferem de gestações sadias. Sendo que esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como indicadores de alterações placentárias em éguas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid (AF) at parturition in mares with ascending placentitis, and to relate with biochemical parameters in neonatal foals serum. Thirty-six pregnant Thoroughbred mares were divided in 2 groups: mares with placentitis (n=5) and healthy mares (n=31). Placentitis was identified based on clinical signs, ultrasound evaluation and histopathological features in the placenta. Mares with placentitis were treated with antibiotics, antiinflammatories and altrenogest. AF was collected during the second stage of labor and blood samples were taken immediately after foaling. Lower concentrations of creatinine were found in the AF of mares with placentitis. Foals from mares with placentitis showed smaller height and lower birthweight, also showed increase of urea and decrease of total protein levels in blood serum. A moderate positive correlation between urea and creatinine in AF was observed, and a weak positive correlation was found between creatinine in AF and the serum of foals. In conclusion, biochemical composition of AF and of blood serum of neonatal foals from mares with ascending placentitis are different of healthy mares. So, those analysis could be useful to identify placental changes in mares.(AU)

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Background: Ophthalmic disorders in horses have different etiologies and pathologies, compromising the quality of vision in different degrees. The main importance of ophthalmic disorders is the potential for vision impairment. Due to the severe consequences of vision impairment, the proper approach to the ophthalmic system is a prerequisite for an adequate diagnosis and treatment. The choice of treatment is critical to a successful outcome and for the prognosis of vision quality. This paper presents a case study of horses with disorders of the ophthalmic system emphasising the therapeutic approach. Case: From 2011 to 2014, 35 horses with ophthalmic disorders were attended at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Among them, 45.7% had corneal ulcer, 14.2% stromal abscess, 8.5% recurrent uveitis, 20% eyeball perforation and 11.4% squamous cell carcinoma. All the horses were evaluated by specific clinical examination of the ophthalmic system. The animals testing positive for fluorescein had corneal ulceration, photophobia, blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, uveitis severe eye pain and were treated with eye wash cleaning, intravenous flunixin meglumine, topical gentamicin, tobramycin, atropine and autologous serum. Horses irresponsive to treatment within 10 days were referred to surgery...(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Ophthalmic disorders in horses have different etiologies and pathologies, compromising the quality of vision in different degrees. The main importance of ophthalmic disorders is the potential for vision impairment. Due to the severe consequences of vision impairment, the proper approach to the ophthalmic system is a prerequisite for an adequate diagnosis and treatment. The choice of treatment is critical to a successful outcome and for the prognosis of vision quality. This paper presents a case study of horses with disorders of the ophthalmic system emphasising the therapeutic approach. Case: From 2011 to 2014, 35 horses with ophthalmic disorders were attended at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Among them, 45.7% had corneal ulcer, 14.2% stromal abscess, 8.5% recurrent uveitis, 20% eyeball perforation and 11.4% squamous cell carcinoma. All the horses were evaluated by specific clinical examination of the ophthalmic system. The animals testing positive for fluorescein had corneal ulceration, photophobia, blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, uveitis severe eye pain and were treated with eye wash cleaning, intravenous flunixin meglumine, topical gentamicin, tobramycin, atropine and autologous serum. Horses irresponsive to treatment within 10 days were referred to surgery...

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RESUMO

O estudo dos distúrbios metabólicos em potros sépticos é de extrema importância para adequado tratamento de suporte, melhorando a resposta ao tratamento e, consequentemente, o prognóstico dos pacientes. Neste trabalho descrevemos as disfunções metabólicas observadas em potros com septicemia,as quais estão incluídas os distúrbios do metabolismo energético os quais incluem a glicose, triglicerídeos e seus hormônios reguladores, insulina e glucagon; distúrbios eletrolíticos identificados na regulação do cálcio pelo paratormônio e hormonal como hormônios tireoidianos, hormônio do crescimento e cortisol.Disfunções de metabolismo evidenciam a importância de um monitoramento através de exames complementares hematológicos, inclusive para embasamento de prognóstico no paciente neonato crítico.

The study of metabolic disorders in septic foals is extremely important to adjust the supporttreatment, improving the response to treatment and therefore patient prognosis. Here we describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in foals with septicemia, are included the energy metabolism disorders which include glucose, triglycerides and their regulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon; electrolyte abnormalities identifiedin the regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone and hormones, thyroid hormones, growth hormone andcortisol. Metabolic dysfunctions highlight the importance of monitoring through hematological laboratorytests, including prognostic basis in critical neonate patient.

El estudio de los trastornos metabólicos en los potros sépticos es de extrema importancia parael tratamiento de soporte, mejorando Ia respuesta ai tratamiento y, por tanto, el pronóstico dei paciente. Aquí se describen Ias disfunciones metabólicas observadas en los potros con septicemia, que se incluyen los trastornos dei metabolismo de Ia energía, que incluyen glucosa, triglicéridos y sus hormonas reguladoras,insulina y glucagón; alteraciones electrolíticas identificadas en Ia regulación dei calcio por Ia hormonaparatiroidea y Ia hormonas, con Ias hormonas tiroideas, hormona dei crecimiento y cortisol. Disfuncionesmetabólicas muestran Ia importancia de un monitoreo através de pruebas de laboratorio hematológicas,incluyendo bases pronóstica en paciente crítico recién nacido.

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Esta revisão tem como objetivo abordar os principais métodos para avaliar uma gestação de risco.A utilização de ferramentas de diagnóstico permite que intervenções adequadas sejam realizadas o mais cedo possível sem trazer prejuízos ou afetar a saúde do feto. O conhecimento desta é fundamental para determinar quando uma intervenção na gestação é necessária, desta forma o acompanhamento por um profissional que proceda de forma adequada pode ser decisivo. O acompanhamento gestacional, através da ultrassonografia fetoplacentária, fornece informações que auxiliam na predição da viabilidade pós-natal. Eletrocardiograma materno-fetal e amniocentese são outras ferramentas importantes no diagnóstico de gestações equinas de risco.

This review aims to approach the main methods to evaluate a risk pregnancy. The use of diagnostictools allow that appropriate interventions are performed early without damages or affect fetus health. This knowledge is essential to determine when a pregnancy intervention is necessary, thus the monitoring by aprofessional who proceed in an adequate way might be decisive. The pregnancy assessment, throughfetoplacental ultrasonography, provide information that help in the postnatal viability prediction. Electrocardiography fetomaternal and amniocentesis are other important tools in the diagnosis of the compromised equine pregnancy.

Esta revisión tiene como meta abordar los métodos clave para evaluar un embarazo de riesgo. EIuso de herramientas de diagnóstico permite intervenciones apropiadas se lIevan a cabo tan pronto como seaposible sin danar o afectar Ia salud dei feto. Saber esto es fundamental para determinar cuándo es necesaria Iaintervención durante el embarazo, por 10 que el seguimiento por parte de un profesional para lIevar a cabo adecuadamente puede ser decisivo. Monitoreo gestacional a través de Ia ecografía de placenta, proporciona información para ayudar en Ia predicción de Ia viabilidad postnatal. Electrocardiograma y Ia amniocentesis materna y fetal son otras herramientas importantes en el diagnóstico de riesgo de embarazos equinos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Esta revisão tem como objetivo abordar os principais métodos para avaliar uma gestação de risco.A utilização de ferramentas de diagnóstico permite que intervenções adequadas sejam realizadas o mais cedo possível sem trazer prejuízos ou afetar a saúde do feto. O conhecimento desta é fundamental para determinar quando uma intervenção na gestação é necessária, desta forma o acompanhamento por um profissional que proceda de forma adequada pode ser decisivo. O acompanhamento gestacional, através da ultrassonografia fetoplacentária, fornece informações que auxiliam na predição da viabilidade pós-natal. Eletrocardiograma materno-fetal e amniocentese são outras ferramentas importantes no diagnóstico de gestações equinas de risco. (AU)

This review aims to approach the main methods to evaluate a risk pregnancy. The use of diagnostictools allow that appropriate interventions are performed early without damages or affect fetus health. This knowledge is essential to determine when a pregnancy intervention is necessary, thus the monitoring by aprofessional who proceed in an adequate way might be decisive. The pregnancy assessment, throughfetoplacental ultrasonography, provide information that help in the postnatal viability prediction. Electrocardiography fetomaternal and amniocentesis are other important tools in the diagnosis of the compromised equine pregnancy. (AU)

Esta revisión tiene como meta abordar los métodos clave para evaluar un embarazo de riesgo. EIuso de herramientas de diagnóstico permite intervenciones apropiadas se lIevan a cabo tan pronto como seaposible sin danar o afectar Ia salud dei feto. Saber esto es fundamental para determinar cuándo es necesaria Iaintervención durante el embarazo, por 10 que el seguimiento por parte de un profesional para lIevar a cabo adecuadamente puede ser decisivo. Monitoreo gestacional a través de Ia ecografía de placenta, proporciona información para ayudar en Ia predicción de Ia viabilidad postnatal. Electrocardiograma y Ia amniocentesis materna y fetal son otras herramientas importantes en el diagnóstico de riesgo de embarazos equinos. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O estudo dos distúrbios metabólicos em potros sépticos é de extrema importância para adequado tratamento de suporte, melhorando a resposta ao tratamento e, consequentemente, o prognóstico dos pacientes. Neste trabalho descrevemos as disfunções metabólicas observadas em potros com septicemia,as quais estão incluídas os distúrbios do metabolismo energético os quais incluem a glicose, triglicerídeos e seus hormônios reguladores, insulina e glucagon; distúrbios eletrolíticos identificados na regulação do cálcio pelo paratormônio e hormonal como hormônios tireoidianos, hormônio do crescimento e cortisol.Disfunções de metabolismo evidenciam a importância de um monitoramento através de exames complementares hematológicos, inclusive para embasamento de prognóstico no paciente neonato crítico.(AU)

The study of metabolic disorders in septic foals is extremely important to adjust the supporttreatment, improving the response to treatment and therefore patient prognosis. Here we describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in foals with septicemia, are included the energy metabolism disorders which include glucose, triglycerides and their regulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon; electrolyte abnormalities identifiedin the regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone and hormones, thyroid hormones, growth hormone andcortisol. Metabolic dysfunctions highlight the importance of monitoring through hematological laboratorytests, including prognostic basis in critical neonate patient.(AU)

El estudio de los trastornos metabólicos en los potros sépticos es de extrema importancia parael tratamiento de soporte, mejorando Ia respuesta ai tratamiento y, por tanto, el pronóstico dei paciente. Aquí se describen Ias disfunciones metabólicas observadas en los potros con septicemia, que se incluyen los trastornos dei metabolismo de Ia energía, que incluyen glucosa, triglicéridos y sus hormonas reguladoras,insulina y glucagón; alteraciones electrolíticas identificadas en Ia regulación dei calcio por Ia hormonaparatiroidea y Ia hormonas, con Ias hormonas tiroideas, hormona dei crecimiento y cortisol. Disfuncionesmetabólicas muestran Ia importancia de un monitoreo através de pruebas de laboratorio hematológicas,incluyendo bases pronóstica en paciente crítico recién nacido.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The common domestic equine species present various hematological differences within reference values as a result of age, breed, sex, physical activity, among others. Therefore, it is important that reference intervals should be established for these particularities. This work aimed to evaluate sequential changes in hematological parameters of healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to six months of life. Blood samples were collected immediately after birth (before the intake of colostrum), at 24 h, 7 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age in order to measure packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC). Descriptive statistics, analysis of one-way AOV and comparison between means by LSD test were accomplished. Hematological values were assessed in 1426 samples. The curve variations in PCV, total plasma protein, fibrinogen and WBC values observed in healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to 6 months were similar to those described for other breeds. However, we verified higher TPP values than mean reference values at all ages. The ranges of fibrinogen and WBC showed small intervals and maximum values below the hematologic reference values for all ages. These changes in hematologic values provide useful information for clinical evaluation of Thoroughbred foals.

As espécies domésticas de equídeos apresentam diferença nos valores hematológicos de referencia devido à idade, raça, sexo, atividade física, entre outros.Tendo em vista estas particularidades, é importante o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência. O objetivo deste trabalhado foi avaliar as mudanças sequenciais de parâmetros hematológicos de potros Puro Sangue Inglês, saudáveis, do nascimento aos seis meses de vida. Amostras sanguineas foram coletadas imediatamente após o parto (antes da ingestão de colostro), as 24h, 7 dias, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 meses de idade para mensuração de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, análise de variância simples (teste One-way AOV) e comparação entre as médias pelo teste de LSD. A avaliação hematológica foi realizada em 1426 amostras. A curva de variação do hematócrito, PPT, fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais observada nos potros do nascimento aos 6 meses de idade foram similares às descritas para outras raças. No entanto, valores médios de PPT foram mais elevados durante todo o período. As médias de fibrinogênio e leucócitos apresentaram pequenos intervalos e máximos valores abaixo dos valores de referencia em todos os momentos. As alterações em valores hematológicos têm importância na avaliação clínica de potros Puro Sangue Inglês.

RESUMO

The common domestic equine species present various hematological differences within reference values as a result of age, breed, sex, physical activity, among others. Therefore, it is important that reference intervals should be established for these particularities. This work aimed to evaluate sequential changes in hematological parameters of healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to six months of life. Blood samples were collected immediately after birth (before the intake of colostrum), at 24 h, 7 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age in order to measure packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC). Descriptive statistics, analysis of one-way AOV and comparison between means by LSD test were accomplished. Hematological values were assessed in 1426 samples. The curve variations in PCV, total plasma protein, fibrinogen and WBC values observed in healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to 6 months were similar to those described for other breeds. However, we verified higher TPP values than mean reference values at all ages. The ranges of fibrinogen and WBC showed small intervals and maximum values below the hematologic reference values for all ages. These changes in hematologic values provide useful information for clinical evaluation of Thoroughbred foals.

As espécies domésticas de equídeos apresentam diferença nos valores hematológicos de referencia devido à idade, raça, sexo, atividade física, entre outros. Tendo em vista estas particularidades, é importante o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência. O objetivo deste trabalhado foi avaliar as mudanças sequenciais de parâmetros hematológicos de potros Puro Sangue Inglês, saudáveis, do nascimento aos seis meses de vida. Amostras sanguineas foram coletadas imediatamente após o parto (antes da ingestão de colostro), as 24h, 7 dias, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 meses de idade para mensuração de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, análise de variância simples (teste One-way AOV) e comparação entre as médias pelo teste de LSD. A avaliação hematológica foi realizada em 1426 amostras. A curva de variação do hematócrito, PPT, fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais observada nos potros do nascimento aos 6 meses de idade foram similares às descritas para outras raças. No entanto, valores médios de PPT foram mais elevados durante todo o período. As médias de fibrinogênio e leucócitos apresentaram pequenos intervalos e máximos valores abaixo dos valores de referencia em todos os momentos. As alterações em valores hematológicos têm importância na avaliação clínica de potros Puro Sangue Inglês.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The common domestic equine species present various hematological differences within reference values as a result of age, breed, sex, physical activity, among others. Therefore, it is important that reference intervals should be established for these particularities. This work aimed to evaluate sequential changes in hematological parameters of healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to six months of life. Blood samples were collected immediately after birth (before the intake of colostrum), at 24 h, 7 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age in order to measure packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC). Descriptive statistics, analysis of one-way AOV and comparison between means by LSD test were accomplished. Hematological values were assessed in 1426 samples. The curve variations in PCV, total plasma protein, fibrinogen and WBC values observed in healthy Thoroughbred foals from birth to 6 months were similar to those described for other breeds. However, we verified higher TPP values than mean reference values at all ages. The ranges of fibrinogen and WBC showed small intervals and maximum values below the hematologic reference values for all ages. These changes in hematologic values provide useful information for clinical evaluation of Thoroughbred foals.(AU)

As espécies domésticas de equídeos apresentam diferença nos valores hematológicos de referencia devido à idade, raça, sexo, atividade física, entre outros. Tendo em vista estas particularidades, é importante o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência. O objetivo deste trabalhado foi avaliar as mudanças sequenciais de parâmetros hematológicos de potros Puro Sangue Inglês, saudáveis, do nascimento aos seis meses de vida. Amostras sanguineas foram coletadas imediatamente após o parto (antes da ingestão de colostro), as 24h, 7 dias, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 meses de idade para mensuração de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, análise de variância simples (teste One-way AOV) e comparação entre as médias pelo teste de LSD. A avaliação hematológica foi realizada em 1426 amostras. A curva de variação do hematócrito, PPT, fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais observada nos potros do nascimento aos 6 meses de idade foram similares às descritas para outras raças. No entanto, valores médios de PPT foram mais elevados durante todo o período. As médias de fibrinogênio e leucócitos apresentaram pequenos intervalos e máximos valores abaixo dos valores de referencia em todos os momentos. As alterações em valores hematológicos têm importância na avaliação clínica de potros Puro Sangue Inglês.(AU)

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RESUMO

Muitas famílias utilizam carroça tracionada por equinos como seu meio de trabalho ou suplementação da renda. Preocupando-se com a saúde desses animais, em Pelotas, desde 2006, existe o Ambulatório Veterinário, que presta atendimento clínico gratuito semanalmente aos cavalos de carroceiros. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar e registrar os padrões biométricos de equinos de tração em Pelotas. Foram avaliados 219 equinos, 129 fêmeas e 90 machos. Largura de peito (LP), perímetro de canela (PC), perímetro torácico (PT), largura de garupa (LG), altura do animal e peso (P) foram mensurados. Baseado nos valores encontrados, foram calculados os índices de Compacidade 1 (ICC1= (P/AC)/100), de compacidade 2 (ICC2=(P/[AC-1]/100) e de conformação (ICF=PT(2)/AC). Os animais de ambos os sexos apresentaram as seguintes médias: AC - 1,38 ± 0,07 m; PC 0,19 ± 0,02 cm; PT 1,56 ± 0,10 m; LP 0,26 ± 0,05 cm; LG 0,22 ± 0,05 cm; peso 308 ± 60 kg. Em relação aos índices ICC1, ICC2 e ICF, as médias encontradas também para ambos os sexos foram, respectivamente, 2,30; 8,39; 1,82. Dessa forma, pelos índices obtidos, os cavalos avaliados foram considerados em sua maioria como inadequados para tração de cargas pesadas e com maior aptidão para tração de cargas leves ou uso como cavalos de sela.(AU)

Many families use wagon pulled by traction horses as their means of work or supplemental income. In Pelotas, there has been a Veterinary Clinic since 2006, which provides free weekly clinical care to these horses, due to concern about their health. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and record the biometric patterns of traction horses in Pelotas. We evaluated 219 horses, 129 females and 90 males. We measured chest width (ChW), leg perimeter (LP), thoracic perimeter (TP), croup width (CrW), height (H) and weight (W) of the animal. Through these values, we calculated the compactness index 1 (CCI1=(W/WH)/100), compactness index 2 (CCI2 = (W/[WH-1]/100) and conformation index (CFI=TP(2)/WH). The animals of both sexes showed the following averages: H - 1.38 ± 0.07 m; LP - 0.19 ± 0.02 cm; TP - 1.56 ± 0.10 m; ChW - 0.26 ± 0.05 cm; CrW - 0.22 ± 0.05 cm; weight - 308 ± 60 kg. Regarding the ICC1, ICC2 and ICF indices, the averages for both sexes were, respectively: 2.30; 8.39; 1.82. Accordingly, the indices obtained showed that most of the evaluated horses were inadequate to pull heavy loads and had greater ability to pull light loads or to be used as riding horses.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Muitas famílias utilizam carroça tracionada por equinos como seu meio de trabalho ou suplementação da renda. Preocupando-se com a saúde desses animais, em Pelotas, desde 2006, existe o Ambulatório Veterinário, que presta atendimento clínico gratuito semanalmente aos cavalos de carroceiros. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar e registrar os padrões biométricos de equinos de tração em Pelotas. Foram avaliados 219 equinos, 129 fêmeas e 90 machos. Largura de peito (LP), perímetro de canela (PC), perímetro torácico (PT), largura de garupa (LG), altura do animal e peso (P) foram mensurados. Baseado nos valores encontrados, foram calculados os índices de Compacidade 1 (ICC1= (P/AC)/100), de compacidade 2 (ICC2=(P/[AC-1]/100) e de conformação (ICF=PT(2)/AC). Os animais de ambos os sexos apresentaram as seguintes médias: AC - 1,38 ± 0,07 m; PC 0,19 ± 0,02 cm; PT 1,56 ± 0,10 m; LP 0,26 ± 0,05 cm; LG 0,22 ± 0,05 cm; peso 308 ± 60 kg. Em relação aos índices ICC1, ICC2 e ICF, as médias encontradas também para ambos os sexos foram, respectivamente, 2,30; 8,39; 1,82. Dessa forma, pelos índices obtidos, os cavalos avaliados foram considerados em sua maioria como inadequados para tração de cargas pesadas e com maior aptidão para tração de cargas leves ou uso como cavalos de sela.

Many families use wagon pulled by traction horses as their means of work or supplemental income. In Pelotas, there has been a Veterinary Clinic since 2006, which provides free weekly clinical care to these horses, due to concern about their health. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and record the biometric patterns of traction horses in Pelotas. We evaluated 219 horses, 129 females and 90 males. We measured chest width (ChW), leg perimeter (LP), thoracic perimeter (TP), croup width (CrW), height (H) and weight (W) of the animal. Through these values, we calculated the compactness index 1 (CCI1=(W/WH)/100), compactness index 2 (CCI2 = (W/[WH-1]/100) and conformation index (CFI=TP(2)/WH). The animals of both sexes showed the following averages: H - 1.38 ± 0.07 m; LP - 0.19 ± 0.02 cm; TP - 1.56 ± 0.10 m; ChW - 0.26 ± 0.05 cm; CrW - 0.22 ± 0.05 cm; weight - 308 ± 60 kg. Regarding the ICC1, ICC2 and ICF indices, the averages for both sexes were, respectively: 2.30; 8.39; 1.82. Accordingly, the indices obtained showed that most of the evaluated horses were inadequate to pull heavy loads and had greater ability to pull light loads or to be used as riding horses.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacteria, gram positive and telluric. The airway is the main form of transmission. Clinical manifestations include enteritis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia in foals. Foals with pneumonia are infected during the first days of life, although clinical symptoms manifest mainly between 1 and 6 months of age. Susceptibility to infection is related to: amount of microorganism inhaled or ingested; decline of humoral immunity; immune system immaturity and failure in cellular response. The objective of this study is to report the case of a Criollo foal with pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi, with the description of diagnosis and therapeutic methods. Case: In the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFPel, it was attended a Criollo foal, 3 months old, with tachycardia, dyspnea, hyperthermia, mild bilateral nasal mucopurulent secretion and bilateral pulmonary rattling sounds. In CBC it was found hyperfibrinogenemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and normocytic normochromic anemia. In the thorax radiographic examination it was evidenced areas with increased radiopacity and irregular edges in dorsal and caudal lung field. In the transtracheal fluid it was isolated Rhodococcus equi bacteria and submitted to antibiogram test. Treatment was based on azithromycin (10 mg/kg), rifampicin (2.5 mg/kg) orally (PO) for 60 days, flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) intravenously (IV), omeprazole (4 mg/kg) PO for 45 days and fluid was administered from daily clinical evaluation. The foal accompanied by his mother was transferred to a field with improved native pasture, shaded, with water ad libitum and feed 3x a day. After 30 days of hospitalization, the animal presented anorexia, lethargy, fever associated with leukocytosis. At this time it was added to treatment metronidazole (30 mg/kg) PO every 12 h for 10 days. After 35 days, the foal presented severe diarrhea, which ceased in 5 days, and in the first 3 days it was administered activated charcoal PO. The CBC results indicated a reduction in the number of leukocytes and fibrinogen during the hospitalization period. In the same period, the ultrasound evidenced a reduction in lesions diameter observed previously in pulmonary area. After 75 days the foal showed an improvement in overall clinical frame and he was discharged. Discussion: Early diagnosis of R. equi infection allied with the results of laboratory tests, allowed specific and immediate treatment improving the foal prognosis of living. The description of the occurrence of pneumonia R. equi in Criollo foals is unusual. In this case, the animal developed infection during the breeding season (February), when it was housed in a reproduction centre. In this centre, the foal remained part of the day in a sand hose, high ambient temperature, overcrowded paddocks and large turnover of equines from various age groups. These factors predispose to installation and permanence of the disease. Due to Criollo breed appreciation and increased use of assisted reproductive in this breed, the raisin system implies in gathering of factors risk that predispose the occurrence of R. equi in foals. The clinical evaluation associated with laboratory tests was imperative in order to obtain definitive diagnosis of R. equi infection and foals monitoration. The treatment based on the antibiotics azithromycin and rifampin associated with supportive therapy was effective in resolving a clinical case of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a Criollo foal 3 months old.

Assuntos