RESUMO
A new species of Tamanduamyia (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae, Mythicomyiinae) is described from Serra do Ramalho, Carinhanha, Bahia, Brazil, Tamanduamyia bichuettae sp. nov. The type series was actively collected with falcon tubes when resting at the entrance of a limestone cave in the rock exudations. The species is described and illustrated in detail, including the male terminalia and female spermathecae. This is the first record of a micro-bee fly species in the state of Bahia (Brazil) and may also represent the first recorded association of a Mythicomyiidae species with cave environments.
Assuntos
Dípteros , Masculino , Feminino , Abelhas , Animais , Brasil , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
The following letter, from a network of women zoologists, is a reply to the article of AlShebli et al. (2020), which suggests that female protégés reap more benefits when mentored by men and concludes that female mentors hinder the success of their female protégés and the quality of their impact. This contribution has two parts. First, we highlight the most relevant methodological flaws which, in our opinion, may have impacted the conclusions of AlShebli et al. (2020). Second, we discuss issues pertaining to women in science, bring a perspective of Women in Zoology and discuss how current diversity policies are positively changing our field.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Ciência/educação , Equidade de Gênero , Estudos de Gênero , Zoologia/tendênciasRESUMO
ABSTRACT The following letter, from a network of women zoologists, is a reply to the article of AlShebli et al. (2020), which suggests that female protégés reap more benefits when mentored by men and concludes that female mentors hinder the success of their female protégés and the quality of their impact. This contribution has two parts. First, we highlight the most relevant methodological flaws which, in our opinion, may have impacted the conclusions of AlShebli et al. (2020). Second, we discuss issues pertaining to women in science, bring a perspective of Women in Zoology and discuss how current diversity policies are positively changing our field.
RESUMO
The following letter, from a network of women zoologists, is a reply to the article of AlShebli et al. (2020), which suggests that female protégés reap more benefits when mentored by men and concludes that female mentors hinder the success of their female protégés and the quality of their impact. This contribution has two parts. First, we highlight the most relevant methodological flaws which, in our opinion, may have impacted the conclusions of AlShebli et al. (2020). Second, we discuss issues pertaining to women in science, bring a perspective of Women in Zoology and discuss how current diversity policies are positively changing our field.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Zoologia/tendências , Estudos de Gênero , Equidade de Gênero , Estudos de Gênero , Ciência/educaçãoRESUMO
Blue shining fungus gnats (Diptera) had been long reported in the Waitomo caves of New Zealand (Arachnocampa luminosa Skuse), in stream banks of the American Appalachian Mountains (Orfelia fultoni Fisher) in 1939 and in true spore eating Eurasiatic Keroplatus Bosc species. This current report observes that similar blue light emitting gnat larvae also occur nearby the Betary river in the buffer zone of High Ribeira River State Park (PETAR) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, where the larvae were found when on fallen branches or trunks enveloped in their own secreted silk. The new species is named Neoceroplatus betaryiensis nov. sp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Keroplatinae: Keroplatini) based on a morphological analysis. Neoceroplatus betaryiensis nov. sp. larvae emit blue bioluminescence that can be seen from their last abdominal segment and from two photophores located laterally on the first thoracic segment. When touched, the larvae can actively stop its luminescence, which returns when it is no longer being agitated. The in vitro bioluminescence spectrum of N. betaryiensis nov. sp. peaks at 472 nm, and cross-reactivity of hot and cold extracts with the luciferin-luciferase from Orfelia fultoni indicate significant similarity in both enzyme and substrate of the two species, and that the bioluminescence system in the subfamily Keroplatinae is conserved.
Assuntos
Larva , Nematóceros/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Larva/genética , Larva/fisiologia , Luminescência , Nematóceros/anatomia & histologia , Nematóceros/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
Bioluminescence in Diptera is found in the family Keroplatidae, in the glowworms of the genera Arachnocampa, Orfelia and Keroplatus. Despite belonging to the same family, Arachnocampa spp. and Orfelia fultoni display morphologically and biochemically distinct bioluminescence systems: Arachnocampa spp. produce light by the terminal ends of Malpighian tubules using ATP, a luciferin and a luciferase, whereas Orfelia fultoni produces light by translucent areas associated with rows of black bodies in the anterior and posterior parts of the body, using a 140 kDa luciferase and a luciferin which do not cross-react with the Arachnocampa luciferin-luciferase system, and a substrate binding fraction (SBF) which apparently releases luciferin in the presence of reductants. While several other keroplatids are not luminescent, we recently discovered a non-luminescent web-constructing keroplatid larva living in the roofs of caves in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, which noteworthily has a compound with Orfelia luciferin-like activity and its associated binding protein (SBF). Both the Neoditomyia luciferin-like compound and SBF cross-react with purified Orfelia luciferase to produce light in the same blue region of the Orfelia luciferin-luciferase system (479 nm). We also checked for the presence of Orfelia-type luciferin in Arachnocampa luminosa and Aedes aegytpi larval bodies, but no traces were found. Molecular studies indicate that Neoditomyia sp. is phylogenetically closer to Keroplatus and Orfelia than to Arachnocampa species. The presence of luciferin and its associated binding protein in this non-bioluminescent keroplatid larva indicates that luciferin may display another important biochemical function in keroplatid larvae and suggests that bioluminescence could be a recently evolved trait in Keroplatidae.
Assuntos
Dípteros/química , Luciferina de Vaga-Lumes/análise , Substâncias Luminescentes/análise , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Dípteros/genética , Larva/química , Larva/genética , Luminescência , Filogenia , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this paper provides a catalogue of the type specimens of Anisopodidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). Information on labels and type conditions, on 54 type specimens (including 21 primary types) of 24 Neotropical species are provided.
RESUMO
A new genus of Mythicomyiidae, Amydrostylus triadicophallus gen. nov. et sp. nov., is described from the Chaco of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The type-series was collected by Malaise traps during the development of the SISBIOTA-Brasil project. Amydrostylus is closely related to the genus Acridophagus Evenhuis in the subfamily Psiloderoidinae, but it is distinguished by the minute apical stylus and the same length of br and bm cells. The species is described and illustrated in detail, including the male terminalia and female spermathecae. This is the first record of the subfamily Psiloderoidinae in South America.